Meet the New Es: Empathy, Engagement, Equity, and Ethics in Public Administration

References

• Adams, G. B., Balfour, D. L., & Nickels, A. (2019). Unmasking administrative evil (5th ed.). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Addams, J. (2002). Democracy and social ethics. University of Illinois Press. (Original work published 1902)
   Google Scholar
• Alkadry, M. G., & Blessett, B. (2010). Aloofness or dirty hands? Administrative culpability in the making of the second ghetto. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 32(4), 532–556. https://doi.org/10.2753/ATP1084-1806320403
   Google Scholar
• American Society for Public Administration (ASPA). (2022). Code of ethics. Retrieved from: https://www.aspanet.org/ASPA/Code-of-Ethics/ASPA/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics.aspx?hkey=5b8f046b-dcbd-416d-87cd-0b8fcfacb5e7
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, C. L., Alibašić, H., & Oduro Nyarko, E. (2022). Diversity management in the public sector for sustainable, inclusive organizations: Ideals and practices in Northwest Florida. Public Integrity, 2022, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2034339
   Google Scholar
• Blessett, B. (2015). Disenfranchisement: Historical underpinnings and contemporary manifestations. Public Administration Quarterly, 39(1), 3–50.
   Google Scholar
• Burnier, D. (2008). Frances Perkins’ disappearance from American Public Administration: A genealogy of marginalization. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 30(4), 398–423. https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2008.11029660
   Google Scholar
• Burnier, D. (2021a). Embracing others with “sympathetic understanding” and “affectionate interpretation: Creating a relational care-centered public administration. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 43(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2019.1700460
   Google Scholar
• Burnier, D. (2021b). Hiding in plain sight: Recovering public administration’s lost legacy of social justice. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 43(4), 395–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2021.1891796
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, T. L. (2004). Big questions in administrative ethics: A need for focused, collaborative effort. Public Administration Review, 64(4), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2004.00386.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeForest, Molina, A., & McKeown, C. L. (2012). The heart of the profession: Understanding public service values. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 18(2), 375–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2012.12001689
   Google Scholar
• Denhardt, J. V., & Denhardt, R. B. (2015). The new public service: Serving, not steering. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dolamore, S. (2021). Detecting empathy in public organizations: Creating a more relational public administration. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 43(1), 58–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2019.1700458
   Google Scholar
• Dolamore, S., & Whitebread, G. (2022). Recalibrating public service: Valuing engagement, empathy, social equity, and ethics in public administration. Public Integrity, 2022, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2021.2014223
   Google Scholar
• Dolamore, S., Lovell, D., Collins, H., & Kline, A. (2021). The role of empathy in organizational communication during times of crisis. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 43(3), 366–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1830661
   Google Scholar
• Economic Research Service. (2022). Rural poverty & well-being. U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-poverty-well-being/
   Google Scholar
• Edlins, M. (2021). Developing a model of empathy for public administrations. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 43(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2019.1700459
   Google Scholar
• Elias, N. M., & Olejarski, A. M. (Eds.). (2020). Ethics for contemporary bureaucrats: Navigating constitutional crossroads. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fenley, V. M. (2022). Caveats to Governing with empathy. Public Integrity, 2022, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2021.2015163
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Gutiérrez, M., & Van de Walle, S. (2019). Equity or efficiency? Explaining public officials’ values. Public Administration Review, 79(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederickson, H. G. (2010). Social equity and public administration: Origins, developments, and applications. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Sanchez, I. M., Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B., & Frias-Aceituno, J. (2013). Determinants of government effectiveness. International Journal of Public Administration, 36(8), 567–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2013.772630
   Google Scholar
• Gaynor, T. S. (2018). Social construction and the criminalization of identity: State-sanctioned oppression and an unethical administration. Public Integrity, 20(4), 358–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1416881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaynor, T. S., & Blessett, B. (2021). Predatory policing, intersectional subjection, and experiences of LGBTQ people of color in New Orleans. Urban Affairs Review, 2021, 107808742110172. https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874211017289
   Google Scholar
• Gooden, S. T. (2014). Race and social equity: A nervous area of government. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gooden, S. T. (2015). From equality to social equity. In M.E. Guy & M.M. Rubin (Eds.), Public administration evolving: From foundations to the future. (pp. 210–230). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gooden, S. T. (2017). Frances Harriet Williams: Unsung social equity pioneer. Public Administration Review, 77(5), 777–783. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12788
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulick, L. H. (1937). Notes on the theory of organization. In L. Gulick & L. Urwick (Eds.), Papers on the science of administration (pp. 3–45). Institute of Public Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Guy, M. E., & Ely, T. L. (2018). Essentials of public service: An introduction to contemporary public administration. Melvin & Leigh.
   Google Scholar
• Guy, M. E., & McCandless, S. A. (2021). Achieving social equity: From problems to solutions. Melvin & Leigh.
   Google Scholar
• Guy, M. E., Newman, M. A., & Mastracci, M. (2014). Emotional labor: Putting the service in public service. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hammond, T. H. (1990). In defense of Luther Gulick’s Notes on the theory of organization. Public Administration, 68(2), 143–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1990.tb00752.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckler, N., & Mackey, J. (2022). COVID’s Influence on Black Lives matter: How interest convergence explains the 2020 call for equality and what that means for administrative racism. Public Integrity, 2022, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2021.2014203
   Google Scholar
• Humphrey, N. M. (2021). Emotional labor and professionalism: Finding balance at the local level. State and Local Government Review, 53(3), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X211048847
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, H., Schneider, A. L., & DeLeon, P. (2007). Social construction and policy design. In P. Sabatier (Ed.), Theories of the Policy Process. (2nd Ed., pp. 93–126). Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, N. J., & Svara, J. H. (2015a). Social equity in American society and public administration. In N. J. Johnson & J. H. Svara (Eds.), Justice for all: Promoting social equity in public administration (pp. 3–25). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, N. J., & Svara, J. H. (2015b). Toward a more perfect union: Moving forward with social equity. In N. J. Johnson & J. H. Svara (Eds.), Justice for all: Promoting social equity in public administration (pp. 265–290). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. G. (2017). Social equity in a time of change: A critical 21st century social movement. Birkdale Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Kenworthy, L., & Marx, I. (2017). In-work poverty in the United States. Bonn, Germany: IZA Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://docs.iza.org/dp10638.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• McCandless, S. A., & Ronquillo, J. C. (2020). Social equity in professional codes of ethics. Public Integrity, 22(5), 470–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2019.1619442
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCandless, SA., & Blessett, B. (2022). Dismantling racism and white supremacy in public service organizations and society. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 2022, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2022.2043071
   Google Scholar
• Nabatchi, T., & Amsler, L. B. (2014). Direct public engagement in local government. The American Review of Public Administration, 44(4_suppl), 63S–88S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074013519702
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newland, C. A. (1976). Public personnel administration: Legalistic reforms vs. effectiveness, efficiency, and economy. Public Administration Review, 36(5), 529–537. https://doi.org/10.2307/974233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman-Major, K. (2011). Balancing the four E s; or can we achieve equity for social equity in public administration? Journal of Public Affairs Education, 17(2), 233–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2011.12001640
   Google Scholar
• Norman-Major, K. (2021). How Many Es? What must public administrators consider in providing for the public good? Public Integrity, 2021, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2021.1967010
   Google Scholar
• Plant, J. F. (2015). Seventy-five years of professionalization. In M. E. Guy & M. M. Rubin (Eds.), Public administration evolving: From foundations to the future (pp. 232–253). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Portillo, S., Bearfield, D., & Humphrey, N. (2020). The myth of bureaucratic neutrality: Institutionalized inequity in local government hiring. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 40(3), 516–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X19828431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proctor, B., & Renwick, T. (2017). 50 years of poverty statistics. U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/random-samplings/2017/09/50_years_of_poverty.html
   Google Scholar
• Rainey, H. G., & Steinbauer, P. (1999). Galloping elephants: Developing elements of a theory of effective government organizations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 9(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024401
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, A. S. (2021). Who should count as citizens? Categorizing people in public administration research. Public Administration Review, 81(2), 286–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13270
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbloom, D. (2005). Taking social equity seriously in MPA education. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 11(3), 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2005.12001397
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, J. (2016). Strategic activism, educational leadership and social justice. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 19(1), 87–100.
   Google Scholar
• Svara, J. H., & Baizhanov, S. (2019). Public service values in NASPAA programs: Identification, integration, and activation. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 25(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2018.1454761
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svara, J., Braga, A., de Lancer Julnes, P., Massiah, M., S. Ward, J, G., Shields, W. (2015). Implementing the ASPA Code of Ethics: Workbook and assessment guide. Retrieved from: https://www.aspanet.org/ASPADocs/Resources/Ethics_Assessment_Guide.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Svara, J. H. (2014). Who are the keepers of the code? Articulating and upholding ethical standards in the field of public administration. Public Administration Review, 74(5), 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svara, J. H. (2015). From ethical expectations to professional standards. In M. E. Guy & M. M. Rubin (Eds.), Public administration evolving: From foundations to the future (pp. 254–273). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Texas A&M International University. (2022). Why empathy is crucial in nursing. Retrieved from: https://online.tamiu.edu/articles/rnbsn/empathy-is-crucial-in-nursing.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Turner, H. A. (1956). Woodrow Wilson as administrator. Public Administration Review, 16(4), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.2307/973137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, F. H. (1947). Minority groups and the OPA. Public Administration Review, 7(2), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.2307/972754
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldridge, B., & Bilharz, B. (2017). Social equity: The fourth pillar of public administration. In A. Farazmand (Ed.), Global encyclopedia of public administration, public policy, and governance. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2383-1
   Google Scholar
• Wright Fields, C., & Conyers, A. (2022). An argument for administrative critical consciousness in public administration. Public Integrity, 2022, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2034340
   Google Scholar
• Yang, K., & Holzer, M. (2005). Re-approaching the politics/administration dichotomy and its impact on administrative ethics. Public Integrity, 7(2), 110–127.
   Google Scholar
• Zavattaro, S. M. (2021). We’ll see who’s powerless now! Using WALL-E to teach administrative ethics. Public Integrity, 2021, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2021.1985344
   Google Scholar