266
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Trends in adolescent overweight and obesity in the Nordic countries

Pages 4-14 | Received 13 Sep 2004, Accepted 05 Jan 2005, Published online: 13 Dec 2016

References

  • Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R. IASO International Obesity Task Force. Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. Obes Rev 2004; 5 Suppl 1: 4–104.
  • Guillaume M. Defining obesity in childhood: current practice. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70 Suppl: 126–30S.
  • Kohn M, Booth M. The worldwide epidemic of obesity in adolescents. Adolesc Med 2003; 14: 1–9.
  • Must A, Strauss RS. Risks and consequences of child-hood and adolescent obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23 Suppl 2: S2–11.
  • Must A, Anderson SE. Effects of obesity on morbidity in children and adolescents. Nutr Clin Care 2003; 6: 4–12.
  • Torok K, Szelenyi Z, Porszasz J, Molnar D. Low physical performance in obese adolescent boys with metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 966–70.
  • Gortmaker SL, Must A, Perrin JM, Sobol AM, Dietz WH. Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1008–12.
  • Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1350–5.
  • Dietz WH. Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 955–9.
  • Ritchie LD, Ivey SL, Woodward-Lopez G, Crawford PB. Alarming trends in pediatric overweight in the United States. Soz Praventivmed 2003; 48: 168–77.
  • Jolliffe D. Extent of overweight among US children and adolescents from 1971 to 2000. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 4–9.
  • Cole TJ, Belli77i MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 2000; 320: 1240–3.
  • Kautiainen S, Rimpela A, Vikat A, Virtanen SM. Secular trends in overweight and obesity among Finnish adolescents in 1977–1999. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26: 544–52.
  • Rimpeld A, Rainio S, Pere L, Saarni L, Kautiainen S, Kaltiala-Heino R, et al. [Adolescent health in Finland in 1977–2003]. Suom Lääkäril 2004; 59: 4229–35. (In Finnish.)
  • Välimaa R, Ojala K. Nuorten paino, laihduttaminen ja painon kokeminen. In: Kannas L, ed. Nuorten terveys ja terveyskäyttäytyminen muutoksessa. Jyväskylä, Finland: WHO-Koululaistutkimus 20 v. (In Finnish.) (in press)
  • Cronk CE, Roche AF. Race-and sex-specific reference data for triceps and subscapular skinfolds and weight/stature. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 347–54.
  • Nuutinen EM, Turtinen J, Pokka T, Kuusela V, Dahlstrom S, Viikari J, et al. Obesity in children, adolescents and young adults. Ann Med 1991; 23: 41–6.
  • Porkka KY, Raitakari OT, Leino A, Laitinen S, Rasanen L, Ronnemaa T, et al. Trends in serum lipid levels during 1980–1992 in children and young adults. The Cardio-vascular Risk in Young Finns study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 64–77.
  • Nupponen H, Telama R. [Physical activity and motor fitness as part of the lifestyle of 11–16–year-old European young people]. Jyväskylä, Finland: Department of Physical Education; 1998. (In Finnish.)
  • Rasmussen F, Johansson M, Hansen HO. Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88: 431–7.
  • Rasmussen F, Johansson M. Increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity from 1995 to 1998 among 18-year-old males in Sweden. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89: 888–9.
  • Westerstahl M, Barnekow-Bergkvist M, Hedberg G, Jansson E. Secular trends in body dimensions and physical fitness among adolescents in Sweden from 1974 to 1995. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2003; 13: 128–37.
  • Ekblom OB, Oddsson K, Ekblom BT. Prevalence and regional differences in overweight in 2001 and trends in BMI distribution in Swedish children from 1987 to 2001. Scand J Public Health 2004; 32: 257–63.
  • Persson LA, Samuelson G, Sjolin S. Nutrition and health in Swedish children 1930–1980. Three nutrition surveys in a northern Swedish county. Acta Paediatr Scand 1989; 78: 865–72.
  • Cernerud L, Lindgren GW. Secular changes in height and weight of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933, 1943, 1953 and 1963. Ann Hum Biol 1991; 18: 497–505.
  • Lindgren GW, Hauspie RC. Heights and weights of Swedish school children born in 1955 and 1967. Ann Hum Biol 1989; 16: 397–406.
  • Bjerkedal T, Beckstrom JR, Brevik JI, Skaden K. [Height, weight and body mass index measured among men born 1967–80]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2001; 121: 674–7. (In Norwegian.)
  • Brundtland GH, Liestol K, Walloe L. Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years. Ann Hum Biol 1980; 7: 307–22.
  • Liestol K, Rosenberg M. Height, weight and menarcheal age of schoolgirls in Oslo - an update. Ann Hum Biol 1995; 22: 199–205.
  • Heggebo LK. European Youth Heart Study - the Norwegian part. A cross-sectional study of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity and blood pressure in children and youth (Dissertation). Oslo: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education; 2003.
  • Sonne-Holm S, Sorensen TI. Post-war course of the prevalence of extreme overweight among Danish young men. J Chronic Dis 1977; 30: 351–8.
  • Sorensen TI, Price RA. Secular trends in body mass index among Danish young men. Int J Obes 1990; 14: 411–9.
  • Christensen U, Sonne-Holm S, Sorensen TI. Constant median body mass index of Danish young men, 1943–1977. Hum Biol 1981; 53: 403–10.
  • Sorensen HT, Sabroe S, Gillman M, Rothman KJ, Madsen KM, Fischer P, et al. Continued increase in prevalence of obesity in Danish young men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21: 712–4.
  • Thomsen BL, Ekstrom CT, Sorensen TI. Development of the obesity epidemic in Denmark: cohort, time and age effects among boys born 1930–1975. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: 693–701.
  • Wedderkopp N. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors in Danish children and adolescents. A community based approach with special reference to physical fitness and obesity (Dissertation). Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biome-chanics, University of Southern Denmark; 2000.
  • Petersen TA, Rasmussen S, Madsen M. [BMI of Danish schoolchildren measured during the periods 1986/1987–1996/1997 compared to Danish measurement in 1971/1972]. Ugeskr Laeger 2002; 164: 5006–10. (In Danish.)
  • [The diet of Icelanders. Dietary survey of the Icelandic Nutrition Council 2002]. ( In Icelandic.)
  • Lissau I, Overpeck MD, Ruan WJ, Due P, Holstein BE, Hediger ML, et al. Body mass index and overweight in adolescents in 13 European countries, Israel, and the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158: 27–33.
  • Crawley HF, Portides G. Self-reported versus measured height, weight and body mass index amongst 16–17 year old British teenagers. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995; 19: 579–84.
  • Flegal KM, Troiano RP. Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 807–18.
  • Moreno LA, Sarria A, Fleta J, Rodriguez G, Bueno M. Trends in body mass index and overweight prevalence among children and adolescents in the region of Aragon (Spain) from 1985 to 1995. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 925–31.
  • Fogelholm M. Diet, physical activity and health in Finnish adolescents in the 1990s. Scand J Nutr 1998; 42: 10–2.
  • Ovaskainen ML, Reinivuo H, Tapanainen H, Männistö S, Pakkala H, Valsta L. [Dietary habits of the Finnish adult population]. Suom Lääkäril 2004; 59: 1525–30. (In Finnish.)
  • Lahti-Koski M, Siren M. [Nutrition report 2003]. Report No. B4/2004. Helsinki: National Public Health Institute; 2004. (In Finnish.)
  • Fogelholm M, Mannisto S, Vartiainen E, Pietinen P. Determinants of energy balance and overweight in Finland 1982 and 1992. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20: 1097–104.
  • Niemi I, Pääkkönen H. [Time use changes in Finland through the 1990s]. Helsinki: Statistics Finland; 2001. (In Finnish.)
  • Rolland-Cachera MF, Deheeger M, Bellisle F. Increasing prevalence of obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden: evidence for early determinants. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88: 365–7.
  • Samuelson G. Dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents over Europe. An overview of current studies in the Nordic countries. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000; 54 Suppl 1: S21–8.
  • Westerstahl M, Barnekow-Bergkvist M, Hedberg G, Jansson E. Secular trends in sports: participation and attitudes among adolescents in Sweden from 1974 to 1995. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92: 602–9.
  • Matthiessen J, Andersen NL, Ovesen LF. [The significance of diet and physical activity for the development of obesity in Denmark from 1985 to 1995]. Ugeskr Laeger 2001; 163: 2941–5. (In Danish.)
  • Bellizzi MC, Dietz WH. Workshop on childhood obesity: summary of the discussion. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70 Suppl: 173–5S.
  • Guo SS, Roche AF, Chumlea WC, Gardner JD, Siervogel RM. The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 810–9.
  • Lahti-Koski M, Vartiainen E, Mannisto S, Pietinen P. Age, education and occupation as determinants of trends in body mass index in Finland from 1982 to 1997. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 1669–76.
  • Sundquist K, Qvist J, Johansson SE, Sundquist J. Increasing trends of obesity in Sweden between 1996/97 and 2000/01. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 254–61.
  • Midthjell K, Kruger 0, Holmen J, Tverdal A, Claudi T, Bjorndal A, et al. Rapid changes in the prevalence of obesity and known diabetes in an adult Norwegian population. The Nord-Trondelag Health Surveys: 1984–1986 and 1995–1997. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 1813–20.
  • Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from child-hood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 869–73.
  • Guillaume M, Lissau I. Epidemiology. In: Burniat W, Cole T, Lissau I, Poskitt E, eds. Child and adolescent obesity. Causes and consequences, prevention and management. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge; 2002. p. 28-49.