243
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Coffee and disease: an overview with main emphasis on blood lipids and homocysteine

&
Pages 50-61 | Received 17 Jan 2005, Accepted 31 Mar 2005, Published online: 13 Dec 2016

References

  • Swedish Coffee Association. www.kaffeinformation.se; March 2003.
  • Clifford MN. Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates - nature, occurrence and dietary burden. J Sci Food Agric 1999; 79: 362–72.
  • Caggiula AW, Mustad VA. Effects of dietary fat and fatty acids on coronary artery disease risk and total and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations: epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65(5 Suppl): 1597–610S.
  • Riboli E, Norat T. Epidemiologic evidence of the protective effect of fruit and vegetables on cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78(3 Suppl): 559–69S.
  • Stamler J. The INTERSALT Study: background, methods, findings, and implications. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65(2 Suppl): 626–42S.
  • Kalmijn S. Fatty acid intake and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline: a review of clinical and epidemiological studies. J Nutr Health Aging 2000; 4: 202–
  • Salazar-Martinez E, Willett WC, Ascherio A, Manson JAE, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, et al. Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 1–8.
  • van Dam RM, Feskens EJM. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 2002; 360: 1477–8.
  • Rosengren A, Dotevall A, Wilhelmsen L, Thelle D, Johansson S. Coffee and incidence of diabetes in Swedish women: a prospective 18-year follow-up study. J Intern Med 2004; 255: 89–95.
  • Tuomilehto J, Hu G, Bidel S, Lindstrom J, Jousilahti P. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Finnish men and women. JAMA 2004; 291: 1213–19.
  • Hernán MA, Takkouche B, Caamafio-Isorna F, Ge-stal-Otero JJ. A meta-analysis of coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 2002; 52: 276–84.
  • Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R, Hebert R, Helliwell B, Hill GB, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 445–53.
  • Cavin C, Holzhaeuser D, Scharf G, Constable A, Huber WW, Schilter B. Cafestol and kahweol, two coffee specific diterpenes with anticarcinogenic activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40: 1155–63.
  • Narod SA, De Sanjose S, Victoria C. Coffee drinking during pregnancy: a reproductive health hazard? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 1109–14.
  • Parazzini F, Chatenoud L, Di Cintio E, Mezzopane R, Surace M, Zanconato G, et al. Coffee consumption and risk of hospitalized miscarriage before 12 weeks of gestation. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 2286–91.
  • Wisborg K, Kesmodel U, Hammer Bech B, Hedegaard M, Brink Henriksen T. Maternal consumption of coffee during pregnancy and stillbirth and infant death in first year of life: prospective study. BMJ 2003; 326: 420–3.
  • La Croix AZ, Mead LA, Liang KY, Thomas CB, Pearson TA. Coffee consumption and the incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 977–82.
  • Le Grady D, Dyer AR, Shekelle RB, Stamler J, Liu K, Paul 0, et al. Coffee consumption and mortality in the Chicago Western Electric Company Study. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 126: 803–12.
  • Tverdal A, Stensvold I, Solvoll K, Foss OP, Lund-Larsen P, Bjartveit K. Coffee consumption and death from coronary heart disease in middle aged Norwegian men and women. BMJ 1990; 300: 566–9.
  • Klag MJ, Mead LA, LaCroix AZ, Wang NY, Coresh J, Liang KY, et al. Coffee intake and coronary heart disease. Ann Epidemiol 1994; 4: 425–33.
  • Thelle DS, Arnesen E, Forde OH. The Tromso Heart Study. Does coffee raise serum cholesterol? N Eng J Med 1983; 308: 1454–7.
  • Sacks FM, Castelli WP, Donner A, Kass EH. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in vegetarians and controls. N Engl J Med 1975; 292: 1148–51.
  • Jick H, Miettinen OS, Neff RK, Shapiro S, Heinonen OP, Slone D. Coffee and myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1973; 289: 63–7.
  • Rosenberg L, Slone D, Shapiro S, Kaufman DW, Miettinen OS. Case-control studies on the acute effects of coffee upon the risk of myocardial infarction: problems in the selection of a hospital control series. Am J Epidemiol 1981; 113: 646–52.
  • Klatsky AL, Friedman GD, Siegelaub AB. Coffee drinking prior to acute myocardial infarction: results from the Kaiser-Permanente epidemiologic study of myocardial infarction. JAMA 1973; 226: 540–3.
  • Dawber TR, Kannel WB, Gordon T. Coffee and cardiovascular disease: observations from the Framing-ham Study. N Engl J Med 1974; 291: 871–4.
  • Yano K, Rhoads GG, Kagan A. Coffee, alcohol and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese men living in Hawaii. N Engl J Med 1977; 297: 405–9.
  • Heyden S, Tyroler HA, Heiss G, Hames CG, Bartel A. Coffee consumption and mortality: total mortality, stroke mortality, and ischemic heart disease mortality. Arch Intern Med 1978; 138: 1472–5.
  • Gyntelberg F, HeM HO, Suasicani P, Sorensen H. Coffee consumption and risk of ischaemic heart disease - a settled issue? J Intern Med 1995; 237: 55–61.
  • Kleemola P, Jousilahti P, Pietinen P, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J. Coffee consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and death. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 3393–400.
  • Nygard O, Vollset E, Refsum H, Stensvold I, Tverdal A, Nordrehaug JE, et al. Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland Homo-cysteine Study. JAMA 1995; 274: 1526–33.
  • Myers MG, Basinski A. Coffee and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 1767–72.
  • Greenland S. A meta-analysis of coffee, myocardial infarction, and coronary death. Epidemiology 1993; 4: 366–74.
  • Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stone CB. Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a meta-analysis. Br Heart J 1994; 72: 269–75.
  • Jacobsen BK, Thelle DS. The Tromso Heart Study: is coffee drinking an indicator of a life style with high risk for ischemic heart disease? Acta Med Scand 1987; 222: 215–21.
  • Klatsky AL, Friedman GD, Armstrong MA. Coffee drinking prior to acute myocardial infarction restudies: heavier intake may increase the risk. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132: 479–88.
  • Wilhelmsen L, Tibblin G, Elmfeldt D, Wedel H, Werke) L. Coffee consumption and coronary heart disease in middle-aged Swedish men. Acta Med Scand 1977; 201: 547–52.
  • Murray SS, Bjelke E, Gibson RW, Schuman LM. Coffee consumption and mortality from ischemic heart disease and other causes: results from the Lutheran Brotherhood Study, 1966–1978. Am J Epidemiol 1981; 113: 661–7.
  • Welin L, Svärdsudd K, Tibblin G, Wilhelmsen L. Coffee, traditional risk factors, coronary heart disease and mortality. Banbury Report 17: Coffee and Health. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1984.
  • Wilson PW, Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, McGee DL, Castelli WP. Is coffee consumption a contributor to cardiovascular disease? Insights from the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1169–72.
  • Grobbee DE, Rimm EB, Giovannucci E, Colditz G, Stampfer M, Willett W. Coffee, caffeine, and cardio-vascular disease in men. N Eng J Med 1990; 323: 1026–32.
  • Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Coffee, coronary heart disease and mortality in middle-aged Swedish men: findings from the Primary Prevention Study. J Intern Med 1991; 230: 67–71.
  • Lindsted KD, Kuzma JW, Anderson JL. Coffee consumption and cause-specific mortality. Association with age at death and compression of mortality. J Clin Epidemiol 1992; 45: 733–42.
  • Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JAE, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, et al. Coffee consumption and coronary heart disease in women. A ten year follow-up. JAMA 1996; 275: 458–62.
  • Woodward M, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Coffee and tea consumption in the Scottish Heart Health Study follow up: conflicting relations with coronary risk factors, coronary disease, and all cause mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999; 53: 481–7.
  • Egede-Nissen A. Kolesterol og kaffe. En observasjon fra praksis. Tidsskr Nor Lxgeforening 1970; 90: 1506–7.
  • Kark JD, Friedlander Y, Kaufman NA, Stein Y Coffee, tea, and plasma cholesterol: the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic prevalence study. BMJ 1985; 291: 699–704.
  • Curb JD, Reed DM, Kautz JA, Yano K. Coffee, caffeine, and serum cholesterol in Japanese men in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 123: 648–55.
  • Tuomilehto J, Tanskanen A, Pietinen P, Aro A, Salonen JT, Happonen P, et al. Coffee consumption is correlated with serum cholesterol in middle-aged Finnish men and women. J Epidemiol Community Health 1987; 41: 237–42.
  • Stensvold I, Tverdal A, Foss OP. The effect of coffee on blood lipids and blood pressure. Results from a Norwegian cross-sectional study, men and women, 40–42 years. J Clin Epidemiol 1989; 42: 877–84.
  • Pietinen P, Aro A, Tuomilehto J, Uusitalo U, Korhonen H. Consumption of boiled coffee is correlated with serum cholesterol in Finland. Int J Epidemiol 1990; 19: 586–90.
  • Salvaggio A, Periti M, Miano L, Quaglia G, Marzorati D. Coffee and cholesterol, an Italian study. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 149–56.
  • Jansen DF, Nedeljkovics S, Feskens EJ, Ostolic MC, Grujic MZ, Bloemberg BP, et al. Coffee consumption, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking as determinants of serum total and HDL cholesterol in two Serbian cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15: 1793–7.
  • Wei M, Macera CA, Hornung CA, Blair SN. The impact of changes in coffee consumption on serum cholesterol. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 1189–96.
  • NygArd O, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Stensvold I, Nordrehaug JE, Kvale G, et al. Coffee consumption and plasma total homocysteine: the Hordaland Homo-cysteine Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 136-43.
  • Thelle DS, Heyden S, Fodor G. Coffee and cholesterol in epidemiological and experimental studies. Athero-sclerosis 1987; 67: 97–103.
  • Forde OH, Knutsen SF, Arnesen E, Thelle DS. The Tromso Heart Study: coffee consumption and serum lipid concentrations in men with hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised intervention study. BMJ 1985; 290: 893–5.
  • Bak AAA, Grobbee DE. The effect on serum choles-terol levels of coffee brewed by filtering or boiling. N Eng J Med 1989; 321: 1432–7.
  • Bak AAA. Coffee and cardiovascular risk; an epidemiological study. Rotterdam: Erasmus University; 1990.
  • Zock PL, Katan MB, Merkus MP, van Dusseldorp M, Harryvan JL. Effect of a lipidrich fraction from boiled coffee on serum cholesterol. Lancet 1990; 335: 1235–7.
  • Weusten-Van der Wouw MPME, Katan MB, Viani R, Huggett AC, Liardon R, Lund-Larsen PG, et al. Identity of the cholesterol-raising factor from boiled coffee and its effects on liver function enzymes. J Lipid Res 1994; 35: 721–33.
  • Urgert R, Katan B. The cholesterol-raising factor from coffee beans. Annu Rev Nutr 1997; 17: 305–24.
  • de Roos B, Katan MB. Possible mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-raising effect of the coffee diterpene cafestol. Curr Opin Lipid 1999; 10: 41–5.
  • Ahola I, Jauhiainen M, Aro A. The hypercholesterolaemic factor in boiled coffee is retained by a paper filter. J Intern Med 1991; 230: 293–7.
  • van Dusseldorp M, Katan MB, van Vliet T, Demacker PN, Stalenhof AF. Cholesterol-raising factor from boiled coffee does not pass a paper filter. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 586–93.
  • Jee SH, He J, Appel LJ, Whelton PK, Suh I, Klag MJ. Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153: 353–62.
  • Aro A, Tuomolehto J, Kostiainen E, Uusitalo U, Pietinen P. Boiled coffee increases serum low density lipoprotein concentration. Metabolism 1987; 36: 1027–30.
  • Urgert R, Meyboom S, Kuilman M, Rexwinkel H, Vissers MN, Klerk M, et al. Comparison of effect of cafetiere and filtered coffee on serum concentrations of liver aminotransferases and lipids: six month randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1996; 313: 1362–6.
  • Grubben MJ, Boers GH, Blom HJ, Broekhuizen R, de Jong R, van Rijt L, et al. Unfiltered coffee increases plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy volunteers: a randomized trial. Am J Clin 2000; 71: 480–4.
  • Aro A, Kostiainen E, Huttunen JK, Seppala E, Vapaatalo H. Effects of coffee and tea on lipoproteins and prostanoids. Atherosclerosis 1985; 57: 123–8.
  • Rosmarin PC, Applegate WB, Somes GW. Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a randomized, crossover trial. Am J Med 1990; 88: 349–56.
  • van Dusseldorp M, Katan MB, Demacker PN. Effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on serum lipoproteins. A 12-week double-blind trial. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132: 33–40.
  • Fried RE, Levine DM, Kwiterovich PO, Diamond EL, Wilder LB, Moy TF, et al. The effect of filtered-coffee consumption on plasma lipid levels. Results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 1992; 267: 811–5.
  • Wahrburg U, Martin H, Schulte H, Walek T, Assmann G. Effects of two kinds of decaffeinated coffee on serum lipid profiles in healthy young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 1994; 48: 172–9.
  • Burr ML, Limb ES, Sweetnam PM, Fehily AM, Amarah L, Hutchings A. Instant coffee and choles-terol: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995; 49: 779–84.
  • Sanguigni V, Gallu M, Ruffini MP, Strano A. Effects of coffee on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins: the Italian brewing method. Eur J Epidemiol 1995; 11: 75–8.
  • Christensen B, Mosdol A, Retterstol L, Landaas S, Thelle DS. Abstention from filtered coffee reduces the concentrations of plasma homocysteine and serum cholesterol - a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 302–7.
  • Strandhagen E, Thelle DS. Filtered coffee raises serum cholesterol. Results from a controlled intervention trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: 1164–8.
  • Clarke R, Daly L, Robinson K, Naughten E, Cahalane S, Fowler B, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia: an independent risk factor for vascular disease. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1149–55.
  • Boushey CJ, Beresford SSA, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease: probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. JAMA 1995; 274: 1049–57.
  • Verhoef P, Stampfer MJ, Buring JE, Gaziano JM, Allen RH, Stabler SP, et al. Homocysteine metabolism and risk of myocardial infarction: relation with vitamins B6, B12 and folate. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 143: 845–59.
  • Ueland PM, Refsum H, Beresford SAA, Vollset SE. The controversy over homocysteine and cardiovascular risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 324–32.
  • Superko HR. Elevated high-density lipoprotein choles-terol, not protective in the presence of homocysteinemia. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 705–6.
  • Nygard O, Vollset SE, Refsum H, Brattstrom L, Ueland PM. Total homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. J Intern Med 1999; 246: 425–54.
  • Brattstrom L, Wilcken DEL. Homocysteine and vascular disease: cause or effect? Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 315–23.
  • Jacobsen DW, Gatautis VJ, Green R, Robinson K, Savon SR, Secic M, et al. Rapid HPLC determination of total homocysteine and other thiols in serum and plasma: sex differences and correlation with cobala-mine and folate concentrations in healthy subjects. Clin Chem 1994; 40: 873–81.
  • Oshaug A, Bugge HK, Refsum H. Diet, an independent determinant for plasma total homocysteine. A cross-sectional study of Norwegian workers on platforms in the North Sea. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; 52: 7–11.
  • Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Miller ER, Maguire MG, Selhub J, Appel U. Association of dietary protein intake and coffee consumption with serum homocys-teine concentrations in an older population. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69: 467–75.
  • de Bree A, Verschuren WMM, Blom HJ, Kromhout D. Lifestyle factors and plasma homocysteine concentrations in a general population sample. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154: 150–4.
  • Jacques PF, Bostom AG, Wilson PWF, Rich S, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Determinants of plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 613–21.
  • El-Khairy L, Ueland PM, NygArd 0, Refsum H, Vollset SE. Lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors as determinants of total cysteine in plasma: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 1016–24.
  • Saw SM, Yuan JM, Ong CN, Arakawa K, Lee HP, Coetze GA, et al. Genetic, dietary and other lifestyle determinants of plasma homocysteine concentrations in middle-aged and older Chinese men and women in Singapore. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 232–9.
  • Koehler KM, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ, Allen RH, Stabler SP, Rimm EB. Association of folate intake and serum homocysteine in elderly persons according to vitamin supplementation and alcohol use. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 628–67.
  • Urgert R, van Vliet T, Zock PL, Katan MB. Heavy coffee consumption and plasma homocysteine: a randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 1107–10.
  • Verhoef P, Pasman WJ, van Vliet T, Urgert R, Katan MB. Contribution of caffeine to the homocysteine-raising effect of coffee: a randomized controlled trial in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 1244–8.
  • Strandhagen E, Landaas S, Thelle DS. Folate supplement eliminates the homocysteine increasing effect of filtered coffee. A randomised placebo controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: 1411–7.
  • Olthof MR, Hollman PC, Zock PL, Katan MB. Consumption of high doses of chlorogenic acid, present in coffee, or of black tea increases plasma total homocysteine concentrations in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 532–8.
  • Strandhagen E, Zetterberg H, Aires A, Palmer M, Rymo L, Blennow K, et al. The methylenetetrahydro-folate reductase C677T polymorphism is a major determinant of coffee-induced increase of plasma homocysteine: a randomized placebo controlled study. Int J Mol Med 2004; 6: 811–5.
  • Shmeleva VM, Kapustin SI, Papayan LP, Sobczynska-Malefora A, Harrington DJ, Savidge GF. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and the MTHFR C677T poly-morphism in patients with arterial and venous throm-bosis from North Western Russia. Thromb Res 2003; 111: 351–6.
  • Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, Pastuzak A, Koren G, Einarson T. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998; 12: 435-44.
  • Martin TR, Bracken MB. The association between low birth weight and caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 126: 813–21.
  • Cnattingius S, Signorello LB, Anneren G, Clausson B, Ekbom A, Ljunger E, et al. Caffeine intake and the risk of first-trimester spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1839–45.
  • Leviton A, Cowan L. A review of the literature relating caffeine consumption by women to their risk of reproductive hazards. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 9: 1271–310.
  • Cooke MS. Caffeine’s role in pregnancy outcome - a complex picture? Rapid response to Wisborg et al. bmj.com; 21 Mar 2003.
  • Wouters MG, Boers GH, Blom HJ, Trijbels FJ, Thomas CM, Borm GF, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia: a risk factor in women with unexplained recurrent early pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 1993; 605: 820–5.
  • Goddijn-Wessel TA, Wouters MG, van de Molen EF, Spuijbroek MD, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Blom HJ, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia: a risk factor for placental abruption or infarction. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996; 66: 23–9.
  • Nelen WL, Blom HJ, Steegers EA, den Heijer M, Thomas CM, Eskes TK. Homocysteine and folate levels as risk factors for recurrent early pregnancy loss. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95: 519–24.
  • Vollset SE, Refsum H, Irgens L, Mork Emblem B, Tverdal A, Gjessing HK, et al. Plasma total homo-cysteine, pregnancy complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 962–8.
  • Refsum H. Folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in relation to birth defects and pregnancy outcome. Br J Nutr 2001; 85(Suppl 2): S109–13.
  • Leeda M, Riyazi N, de Vries JI, Jakobs C, van Geijn HP, Dekker GA. Effects of folic acid and vitamin B6 supplementation on women with hyperhomocysteinemia and a history of preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179: 135–9.
  • Sorensen TK, Malinow MR, Williams MA, King IB, Luthy DA. Elevated secondtrimester serum homocys-t(e)ine levels and subsequent risk of preeclampsia. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1999; 48: 98–103.
  • El-Khairy L, Vollset SE, Refsum H, Ueland PM. Plasma total cysteine, pregnancy complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Hordaland Homo-cysteine Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 467–72.