Effect of tramadol as a local anesthetic adjuvant in epidural labor analgesia: Randomized controlled study

References

• Yerby M. Pain in childbearing: key issues in management. 6th ed. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2000. p. 17–42.
   Google Scholar
• Chatrath V, Khetarpal R, Sharma S, et al. Fentanyl versus tramadol with levobupivacaine for combined spinal-epidural analgesia in labor. Saudi J Anaesth. 2015;9(3):263–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali HM, Wahdan A. Using dexamethasone as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in epidural anesthesia to change the pain intensity and duration in painless labor. Saudi J Anaesth. 2018;12(2):209–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasanein R, El-sayed W, Khalil M. The value of epidural magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and fentanyl for labor analgesia. Egypt J Anaesth. 2013;29(3):219–224.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis KS, Han NH. Tramadol: a new centrally acting analgesic. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1997;54(6):643–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grond S, Sablotzki A. Clinical pharmacology of tramadol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(13):879–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arcioni R, Della Rocca M, Romanò S, et al. Ondansetron inhibits the analgesic effects of tramadol: a possible 5-HT3 spinal receptor involvement in acute pain in humans. Anesth Analg. 2002;94(6):1553–1557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mert T, Gunes Y, Guven M, et al. Comparison of nerve conduction blocks by an opioid and a local anesthetic. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;439(1–3):77–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mert T, Gunes Y, Guven M, et al. Differential effects of lidocaine and tramadol on modified nerve impulse by 4-aminopyridine in rats. Pharmacology. 2003;69(2):68–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imani F, Entezary SR, Alebouyeh MR, et al. The maternal and neonatal effects of adding tramadol to 2% lidocaine in epidural anesthesia for cesarean section. Anesth Pain Med. 2011;1(1):25–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh AP, Singh D, Singh Y, et al. Postoperative analgesic efficacy of epidural tramadol as adjutant to ropivacaine in adult upper abdominal surgeries. Anesth Essays Res. 2015;9(3):369–373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaitley A, Singh S, Srivastava U, et al. A comparison between epidural and IV tramadol for painless labor and effect on perinatal outcome. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2011;61(1):42–47.
   Google Scholar
• Wangping Z, Ming R. Optimal dose of epidural dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia: a pilot study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7924148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Türkoğlu Z, Karacaer F, Biricik E, et al. Comparison of the effects of epidural Levobupivacaine with tramadol or morphine addition on postoperative analgesia following major abdominal surgery. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2019;47(4):287–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan Y, Ji M, Zang L, et al. Comparison of epidural tramadol-ropivacaine and fentanyl-ropivacaine for labor analgesia: a prospective randomized study. Ups J Med Sci. 2011;116(4):252–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demiraran Y, Kocaman B, Akman R. A comparison of the postoperative analgesic efficacy of single-dose epidural tramadol versus morphine in children. Br J Anaesth. 2005;95(4):510–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash S, Tyagi R, Gogia A, et al. Efficacy of three doses of tramadol with bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in paediatric inguinal herniotomy. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97(3):385–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy B, Pandya K, Booker P, et al. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol in children after iv or caudal epidural administration. Br J Anaesth. 2000;84(3):346–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota R, Komiyama T, Miwa Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics and postoperative analgesia of epidural tramadol: a prospective, pilot study. Curr Ther Res. 2008;69(1):49–55. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albers LL, Anderson D, Cragin L, et al. The relationship of ambulation in labor to operative delivery. J Nurse Midwifery. 1997;42(1):4–8. .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merson N. A comparison of motor block between ropivacaine and bupivacaine for continuous labor epidural analgesia. Aana J. 2001;69(1):54–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodríguez-Ramón R, Márquez-González H, Jiménez-Báez MV, et al. Analgesic efficacy of two concentrations of bupivacaine in women in labor: randomized, controlled, triple blind clinical trial. Rev Col Anest. 2015;43(3):179–185.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed A, Baig T. Incidence of lower limb motor weakness in patients receiving postoperative epidural analgesia and factors associated with it: an observational study. Saudi J Anaesth. 2016;10(2):149–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Kaur S, Singh S, et al. A comparison of epidural butorphanol and tramadol for postoperative analgesia using CSEA technique. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011;27(1):35–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta S, Sharma R. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of caudal dexmedetomidine versus caudal tramadol with ropivacaine in paediatric infraumbilical surgeries: A prospective, randomised, double-blinded clinical study. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61(6):499–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swathi N, Ashwini N, Shukla MI. Comparative study of epidural bupivacaine with butorphanol and bupivacaine with tramadol for postoperative pain relief in abdominal surgeries. Anesth Essays Res. 2016;10(3):462–467.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kundra TS, Kuthiala G, Shrivastava A, et al. A comparative study on the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and tramadol on post-spinal anesthesia shivering. Saudi J Anaesth. 2017;11(1):2–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jianjing L, Yun Y. Patient controlled intravenous analgesia with tramadol for labor pain relief. Chin Med J. 2003;116(11):1752–1755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain S, Arya V, Gopalan S, et al. Analgesic efficacy of intramuscular opioids versus epidural analgesia in labor. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2003;83(1):19–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushtagi P, Surpaneni N. A thought for tramadol hydrochloride as labor analgesic. Anesth Essays Res. 2012;6(2):147–150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar