Postoperative delirium after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Dexmedetomidine infusion alone or with the addition of oral melatonin

References

• Kroustos KR, Sweeney MA. Palliative care. In: Chisholm-Burns MA, Schwinghammer TL, Malone PM, et al., editors. Pharmacotherapy: principles & practice. 5th ed. New York (NY):McGraw Hill Education; 2019. p.31–42.
   Google Scholar
• Kots K, Szylinska A, Listewnik M, et al. Early delirium after cardiac surgery: an analysis of incidence and risk factors in elderly (≥65 years) and very elderly (≥80 years) patients. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:1061–1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasin L, Landoni G, Nardelli P, et al. Dexmedetomidine reduces the risk of delirium, agitation and confusion in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2014;28:1459–1466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellapart J, Boots R. Potential use of melatonin in sleep and delirium in the critically ill. Br J Anaesth. 2012;108(4):572–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riker RR, Picard JT, Fraser GL. Prospective evaluation of the sedation-agitation scale for adult critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1999 July;27(7):1325–1329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ely EW, Inouye SK, Bernard GR, et al. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA. 2001;286:2703–2710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. 1974;1:81–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sessler C, Gosnell M, Grap MJ, et al. A new agitation-sedation scale (RASS) for critically ill patients: development and testing of validity and inter-rater reliability. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:A506.
   Google Scholar
• Hart RP, Levenson JL, Sessler CN, et al. Validation of a cognitive test for delirium in medical ICU patients. Psychosomatics. 1996;37:533–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharaf SI, Nasr El-Din DA, Mahran MG, et al. A study of the prophylactic and curative effect of melatonin on postoperative delirium after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in elderly patients. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2018;72(7):4919–4926.
   Google Scholar
• Norkienė I, Ringaitienė D, Kuzminskaitė V, et al. Incidence and risk factors of early delirium after cardiac surgery. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:323491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smulter N, Lingehall HC, Gustafson Y, et al. Delirium after cardiac surgery: incidence and risk factors. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2013;17:790–798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomasi CD, Grandi C, Salluh J, et al. Comparison of CAM-ICU and ICDSC for the detection of delirium in critically ill patients focusing on relevant clinical outcomes. J Crit Care. 2012;27(2):212–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado JR, Wysong A, van der Starre PJA, et al. Dexmedetomidine and the reduction of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery. Psychosomatics. 2009;50:206–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djaiani G, Silverton N, Fedorko L, et al. Dexmedetomidine versus propofol sedation reduces delirium after cardiac surgery, a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2016;124:362–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi C, Jin J, Qiao L, et al. Effect of perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine on delirium after cardiac surgery in elderly patients: a double-blinded, multi-center, randomized study. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:571–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xuan Y, Fan R, Chen J, et al. Effects of dexmedetomidine for postoperative delirium after joint replacement in elderly patients: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2018;11(12):13147–13157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li CJ, Wang BJ, Mu DL, et al. Randomized clinical trial of intraoperative dexmedetomidine to prevent delirium in the elderly undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. BJS. 2020;107:e123–e13.
   Google Scholar
• Artemiou P, Bily B, Bilecova-Rabajdova M, et al. Melatonin treatment in the prevention of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery patients. Pol J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;12(2):126–133.
   Google Scholar
• Kasnavieh FH, Rezaeipandari H, Hadadzadeh M, et al. Effect of melatonin on incidence rate of delirium in elderly patients undergoing open-heart surgery without a pump: a clinical trial. Elderly Health J. 2019;5(1):32–39.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell AM, Axon DR, Martin JR, et al. Melatonin for the prevention of postoperative delirium in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19:272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar