Parental active participation during induction of general anesthesia to decrease children anxiety and pain

References

• Ferguson BF. Preparing young children for hospitalisation: a comparison of two methods. Pediatrics. 1979;64:656–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meursing AEE. Psychological effects of anaesthesia in children. Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. 1989;2:335–338.
   Google Scholar
• Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Caldwell-Andrews AA, et al. Predicting which children benefit most from parental presence during induction of anesthesia. Pediatr Anesth. 2006;16:627–634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kain ZN, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Maranets I, et al. Preoperative anxiety and emergence delirium and postoperative maladaptive behaviors. Anesth Analg. 2004;99:1648–1654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chorney JM, Kain ZN. Behavioral analysis of children’s response to induction of anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2009;109:1434–1440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meentken MG, van Beynum IM, Legerstee JS, et al. Medically related posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents with congenital heart defects. Front Pediatr. 2017;5:20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerberg AL. Perioperative approach to children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1994 Feb 1; 41(1):15–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kam PC, Voss TJ, Gold PD, et al. Behaviour of children associated with parental participation during induction of general anaesthesia. J Paediatr Child Health. 1998 Feb;34(1):29–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannallah RS, Rosales JK. Experience with parents’ presence during anaesthesia induction in children. Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal. 1983 May 1; 30(3):286–289.
   Google Scholar
• Yemen T, Nelson W. Parental presence at induction; do the parents make a difference? Anesthesiology. 1992 Sep;77(3A). doi:10.1097/00000542-199209001-01167.
   Google Scholar
• Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Wang S-M, et al. Parental presence and a sedative premedicant for children undergoing surgery: a hierarchical study. J Am Soc Anesthesiologists. 2000;92(4):939–946.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Cicchetti DV, et al. The Yale preoperative anxiety scale: how does it compare with a ‘gold standard’? Anesth Analg. 1997;85:783–788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao X, Yumul R, Elvir Lazo OL, et al. A novel visual facial anxiety scale for assessing preoperative anxiety. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0171233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks CL, von Baeyer CL, Spafford PA, et al. The faces pain scale– revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement. Pain. 2001;93:173–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997;23:293–297.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sikich N, Lerman J. Development and psychometric evaluation of the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:1138–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corp IBM. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 21.0. Armonk NY: IBM Corp.; Released; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Field A. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. 4th ed. London California; New Delhi: SAGE Publications Ltd; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Greenland S, Senn SJ, Rothman KJ, et al. Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016;31(4):337–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Box JF. Guinness, Gosset, fisher, and small samples. Stat Sci. 1987;45–52.
   Google Scholar
• Mann HB, Whitney DR. On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Ann Math Stat. 1947;50–60. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177730491
   Google Scholar
• Sprinthall RC. Basic statistical analysis. In: Pearson new international edition. Pearson Education, Limited; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• McCann M, Kain Z. Management of preoperative anxiety in children: an update. Anesth Analg. 2001;93:98–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blount R, Sturges J, Powers S. Analysis of child and adult behavioral variations by phase of medical procedure. Behav Ther. 1990;21:33–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchulmanJL F, VernonDTA A. A study of the effect of the mother’s presence during anesthesia induction. Pediatrics. 1967;39:11–14. I.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fincher W, Shaw J, Ramelet AS. The effectiveness of a standardized preoperative preparation in reducing child and parent anxiety: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(7–8):946‐955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickraott KC, Shaw EA, l G, et al. A study into the effects of maternal presence at induction of general anaesthesia in children (abstract). Proceedings of Scientific Meeting, Assocation of Paediatric Anaesthetists (Great Britain and Ireland) 1986; 22.
   Google Scholar
• Li HC, Lopez V, Lee TL. Psychoeducational preparation of children for surgery: the importance of parental involvement. Patient Educ Couns. 2007;65:34–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li HC, Lam HY. Paediatric day surgery: impact on Hong Kong Chinese children and their parents. J Clin Nurs. 2003;12:882–887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui X, Zhu B, Zhao J, et al. Parental state anxiety correlates with preoperative anxiety in Chinese preschool children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2016;52(6):649‐655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kindler CH, Harms C, Amsler F, et al. The visual analog scale allows effective measurement of preoperative anxiety and detection of patients’ anesthetic concerns. Anesth Analg. 2000;90:706–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinpour M, Memarzadeh M. Use of a preoperative playroom to prepare children for surgery. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2010;20(6):408e11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vangoli L, Caprilli S, Robiglio A, et al. Clown doctors as a treatment for preoperative anxiety in children: a randomized, prospective study. Pediatri. 2005;116(4):e563e7.
   Google Scholar
• Dehghan Z, Reyhani T, Mohammadpour V, et al. The effectiveness of dramatic puppet and therapeutic play in anxiety reduction in children undergoing surgery: a randomized clinical trial.
   Google Scholar
• Waseem H, Mazzamurro RS, Fisher AH, et al. Parental satisfaction with being present in the operating room during the induction of anesthesia prior to pediatric neurosurgical intervention: a qualitative analysis. Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics. 2018 Feb 9; 21(5):528–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buyuk ET, Bolişik B. An analysis of the anxiety levels of mothers who participate in education and therapeutic games about their children’s surgeries. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018;33(3):290‐295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauchner H, Vinci R, Waring C. Pediatric procedures: do parents want to watch? Pediatrics. 1989 Nov 1; 84(5):907–909.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson MA, Baines DB, Overton JH. Parental attitudes to presence at induction of paediatric anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1993 Jun;21(3):324–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braude N, Ridley SA, Sumner E. Parents and paediatric anaesthesia: a prospective survey of parental attitudes to their presence at induction. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1990 Jan;72(1):41.
   Google Scholar
• Vessey JA, Bogetz MS, Caserza CL, et al. Parental upset associated with participation in induction of anaesthesia in children. Can J Anaesthesia. 1994 Apr 1; 41(4):276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kain ZN, Ferris CA, Mayes LC, et al. Parental presence during induction of anaesthesia: practice differences between the United States and Great Britain. Pediatr Anesthesia. 1996 May;6(3):187–193.
   Google Scholar
• Hickmott KC, Shaw EA, Goodyer I, et al. Anaesthetic induction in children: the effects of maternal presence on mood and subsequent behaviour. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1989 Mar 1;6(2):145–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryder I, Spargo P. Parents in the anesthetic room: a questionnaire survey of parents’ reactions. Anaesthesia. 1991;46:977–979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Caramico LA, et al. Parental presence during induction of anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. ANESlHESIOI.OGY. 1996;84:1060–1067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blount RL, Bachanas PJ, Powers SW, et al. Training children to cope and parents to coach them during routine immunizations: Effects on child, parent, and staff behaviors. Behav Ther. 1992 Sep 1; 23(4):689–705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kain ZN, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Mayes LC, et al. Family-centered preparation for surgery improves perioperative outcomes in children: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2007;106:65–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey KM, Bird SJ, McGrath PJ, et al. Preparing parents to be present for their child’s anesthesia induction: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesia Analg. 2015 Oct 1; 121(4):1001–1010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevan JC, Johnston C, Haig MJ, et al. Preoperative parental anxiety predicts behavioural and emotional responses to induction of anaesthesia in children. Can J Anaesth. 1990;37:177–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eijler R, Dierckx B, Staals LM, et al. Virtual reality exposure before elective day care surgery to reduce anxiety and pain in children. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36:728–737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galinkin JL, Fazi LM, Cuy RM, et al. Use of intranasal fentanyl in children undergoing myringotomy and tube placement during halothane and sevoflurane anesthesia. ANESTHESIOLOGY. 2000;93:1378–1383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlajkovic G, Sindjelic R. Emergence delirium in children: many questions, few answers. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:84–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamtora PH, Kain ZN, Stevenson RS, et al. An evaluation of preoperative anxiety in Spanish-speaking and Latino children in the United States. Paediatr Anaesth. 2018;28:719–725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar