20
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Fluoroquinolones: Is There a Different Mechanism of Action and Resistance Against Streptococcus pneumoniae?

&
Pages 7-15 | Published online: 27 Oct 2016

References

  • Baquero F. Evolving resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae: a link with long-acting macrolide consumption? J Chemother 1999; 11 (suppl 1): 35–43.
  • Alexander Project: Implications for Clinical Practice. J Chemother 1999; 11 (suppl 1) 1–55.
  • Ho P-K, Que T-K, Tsang N-C, Ng T-K, Chow K-H, Seto W-H. Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance among multiply resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hong Kong. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 1310–3.
  • Baquero F. Pneumococcal resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: A global geographic review. Microb Drug Resist 1995; 1: 115–20.
  • Martinez-Martinez L. Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin, erythromycin and third generation cephalosporins in Seville, Southern Spain. Mol Microbiol 1997; 3: 382–85.
  • Canton E, Peman J, Jimenez MT, Ramon MS, Gobernado M. In vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of other quinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 558–65.
  • Felmingham D, Washington J, The Alexander Project Group. Trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens–findings of the Alexander Project 1992–1996. J Chemother 1999; 11 (suppl 1): 5–21.
  • Adams DE, Shektman EM, Zechiedrich EL, Schmid MB, Cozzarelli NR. The role of topoisomerase IV in partitioning DNA replicons and the structure of catenated intermediates in DNA replication. Cell 1992; 71: 277–88.
  • Drlica K, Zhao X. DNA gyrase, topoismerase IV, and the 4-quinolones. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1997; 61: 377–392.
  • Gellert M, Mizuuchi K, O’Dea MH, Itoh T, Tomizawa J-I. Nalidixic acid resistance: a second genetic character involved in DNA gyrase activity. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1977; 74: 4772–6.
  • Zechiedrich EL, Cozzarelli NR. Roles of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase in DNA unlinking during replication in Escherichia coli. Genes Develop 1995; 9: 2859–69.
  • Khodursky AB, Cozzarelli NR. The mechanism of inhibition of topoisomerase IV by quinolone antibacterials. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 27668–77.
  • Kreuzer KN, Cozzarelli NR. Escherichia coli mutants thermosensitive for doeixyribonucleic acid acid gyrase subunit A: effects on deoxyribonucleic acid replication, transcription and bacteriophage growth. J Bacteriol 1979; 140: 424–35.
  • Cullen ME, Wyke AW, Kuroda R, Fisher LM. Cloning and characterisation of a DNA gyrase A gene from Escherichia coli that confers clinical resistance to 4-quinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33: 886–94.
  • Nakamura S. Mechanisms of quinolone resistance. J Infect Chemother 1997; 3: 128–38.
  • Heisig P. Genetic evidence for a role of parC in development of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 879–85.
  • Pan X-S, Fisher LM. Targeting of DNA gyrase in Streptococcus pneumoniae by sparfloxacin: selective targeting of gyrase or topoisomerase IV by quinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41: 471–4.
  • Pan X-S, Ambler J, Mehtar S, Fisher LM. Involvement of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase as ciprofloxacin targets in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 2321–6.
  • Gootz TD, Zaniewski R, Haskell S, et al. Activity of the new fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae selected in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 2691–7.
  • Munoz R, Campa AG. ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary target of fluoroquinolones and cooperates with DNA gyrase A subunit in forming resistance phenotype. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 2252–7.
  • Perichon B, Tankovic J, Courvalin P. Characterisation of a mutation in the parE gene that confers fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1977; 41: 1166–7.
  • Tankovic J, Perichon B, Duval J, Courvalin P. Contribution of mutations in gyrA and parC genes to fluoroquinolone resistance of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 2505–10.
  • Fukuda H, Hiramatsu K. Primary targets of fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 410–2.
  • Davies TA, Pankuch, GA, Dewasse BE, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC. In vitro development of resistance to five quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanate in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 1177–82.
  • Pan X-S, Fisher LM. Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV: over-expression, purification, and differential inhibition by fluoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 1129–36.
  • Janoir C, Zeller V, Kitsis MD, Moreau NJ, Gutmann L. High-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae requires mutations in parC and gyrA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 2760–4.
  • Pan X-S, Fisher LM. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are dual targets of clinafloxacin action in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 2810–6.
  • Baranova N, Neyfakh AA. Apparent involvement of a multidrug transporter in the fluoroquinolone resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41: 1396–8.
  • Brenwald NP, Gill MJ, Wise R. The effect of reserpine, an inhibitor of multi-drug efflux pumps, on the in vitro susceptibilities of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to norfloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 40: 458–60.
  • Brenwald NP, Gill MJ, Wise R. Prevalence of a putative efflux mechanism among fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 2032–5.
  • Gill MJ, Brenwald NP, Wise R. Identification of an efflux pump gene, pmrA, associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 187–9.
  • Markham P. Inhibition of the emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae by the multidrug efflux inhibitor reserpine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 988–9.
  • Zeller V, Janoir C, Kitsis M, Gutmann L, Moreau NJ. Active efflux as a mechanism of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41: 1973–78.
  • Paulsen IT, Brown MH, Skurry RA. Protein-dependent multi-drug efflux systems. Microbiol Rev 1996; 60: 675–8.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.