References
- Rawat D, Nair D. Extended-spectrum ß-lactamases in gram negative bacteria. J Glob Infect Dis. 2010;2:263–4.10.4103/0974-777X.68531
- Turner JP. Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(s4):S273–5.10.1086/cid.2005.41.issue-s4
- Leavitt A, Chmelnitsky I, Colodner R, Ofek I, Carmeli Y, Navon-Venezia S. Ertapenem resistance among extended-spectrum- β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:969–74.10.1128/JCM.00651-08
- Ramphal R, Ambrose PG. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and clinical outcomes: Current data. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(Supplement 4):S164–72.10.1086/500663
- Brink AJ, Feldman C, Grolman DC, Muckart D, Pretorius J, Richards GA, et al. Appropriate use of the carbapenems. S Afr Med J. 2004;94:857–861.
- Wong-Beringer A. Therapeutic challenges associated with extended-spectrum, β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pharmacotherapy. 2001;21:583–92.10.1592/phco.21.6.583.34537
- Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S, Garau J, Huchon G, Ieven M, et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections – Summary. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17(6):1–24.10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03602.x
- Brito V, Niederman MS. Healthcare-associated pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease, and all patients do not need the same broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy as complex nosocomial pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2009;22:316–25.10.1097/QCO.0b013e328329fa4e
- Kanerva M, Ollgren J, Virtanen MJ, Lyytikäinen O. Risk factors for death in a cohort of patients with and without healthcare-associated infections in Finnish acute care hospitals. J Hosp Infect. 2008;70:353–60.10.1016/j.jhin.2008.08.009
- Umeki K, Tokimatsu I, Yasuda C, Iwata A, Yoshioka D, Ishii H, et al. Clinical features of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) in a Japanese community hospital: Comparisons among nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP), HCAP other than NHAP, and community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology. 2011;16:856–861.10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01983.x
- Lopez A, Amaro R, Polverino E. Does health care associated pneumonia really exist? Eur J Intern Med. 2012;23:407–411.10.1016/j.ejim.2012.05.006
- Peralta G, Lamelo M, Álvarez-García P, Velasco M, Delgado A, Horcajada JP, et al. Impact of empirical treatment in extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. bacteremia. A multicentric cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:245–52.10.1186/1471-2334-12-245
- Frakking F, Rottier WC, Dorigo-Zetsma J, van Hattem JM, van Hees BC, Kluytmans JAWJ, et al. Appropriateness of empirical treatment and outcome in bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57:3098–3099.
- Kang C, Wi YM, Ko K, Chung DR, Peck KR, Lee NY, et al. Outcomes and risk factors for mortality in community-onset bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, with a special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013;45:519–25.10.3109/00365548.2013.775479
- Falcone M, Vena A, Mezzatesta ML, Gona F, Caio C, Goldoni P, et al. Role of empirical and targeted therapy in hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections caused by ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. Ann Ig. 2014;26:293–304.
- Cheng W, Hsueh P, Lee C, Li CW, Li MJ, Chang CM, et al. Bacteremic pneumonia caused by extendedspectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Appropriateness of empirical treatment matters. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2014;20:1–8.
- Sidler JA, Battegay M, Tschudin-Sutter S, Widmer AF, Weisser M. Enterococci, Clostridium difficile and ESBL-producing bacteria: epidemiology, clinical impact and prevention in ICU patients. Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144:w14009.
- Ben-Ami R, Schwaber MJ, Navon-Venezia SD, Schwartz D, Giladi M, et al. Influx of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae into the hospital. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:925–34.10.1086/500936
- Sittová M, Röderová M, Dendis M, Hricová K, Pudová V, Horváth R, et al. Detection of expanded-spectrum β-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria in the 21st century. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13:1139–58.