Is the QBS-ar index a good tool to detect the soil quality in Mediterranean areas? A cork tree Quercus suber L. (Fagaceae) wood as a case of study

References

• Anderson DC. 1987. Below-ground herbivory in natural communities: A review emphasising fossorial animals. The Quarterly Review of Biology 62:261–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrés P, Mateos E, Tarrasóna D, Cabrera C, Figuerola B. 2011. Effects of digested, composted, and thermally dried sewage sludge on soil microbiota and mesofauna. Applied Soil Ecology 48:236–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arredondo F, García-Montero LG, Menta C, Valverde-Asenjo I. in press. Soil quality indicators for forest management. In: Martínez-Falero E, Martín-Fernández S, García-Abril A, editors. Quantitative techniques in participatory forest management, Boca-Ratón, FL: Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Aspetti GP, Boccelli R, Ampollini D, Del Re AAM, Capri E. 2010. Assessment of soil-quality index based on microarthropods in corn cultivation in Northern Italy. Ecological Indicators 10:129–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bale JS, Masters GJ, Hodkinson ID, Awmack C, Bezemer TM, Brown VK, Butterfield J, Buse A, Coulson JC, Farrar J, Good JEG, Harrington R, Hartley S, Jones TH, Lindroth RL, Press MC, Symrnioudis I, Watt AD, Whittaker JB. 2002. Herbivory in global climate change research: Direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Global Change Biology 8:1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernini F, Avanzati AM, Baratti M, Migliorini M. 1995. Oribatid mites (Acari Oribatida) of the Farma Valley (Southern Tuscany). Notulae Oribatologicae LXV. Redia LXXVIII. 45–129.
   Google Scholar
• Blakely JK, Neher DA, Spongberg AL. 2002. Soil invertebrate and microbial communities, and decomposition as indicators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination. Applied Soil Ecology 21:71–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasi S, Menta C, Balducci L, Conti FD, Petrini E, Piovesan G. 2013. Soil microarthropod communities from Mediterranean forest ecosystems in Central Italy under different disturbances. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187:1637–1655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blondel J, Aronson J, Bodiou JY, Boeuf G. 2010. The Mediterranean region. Biological diversity in space and time. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 376 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Brown VK, Gange AC. 1990. Insect herbivory below ground. Advances in Ecological Research 20:1–58.
   Google Scholar
• Buckland SM, Grime JP, Hodgson JG, Thompson K. 1997. A comparison of plant responses to the extreme drought of 1995 in northern England. Journal of Ecology 85:875–882.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian E, Capurro M, Galli L. 2010. Phenology of two syntopic Eukoenenia species in a northern Italian forest soil (Arachnida: Palpigradi). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 117:829–834.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cluzeau D, Guernion M, Chaussod R, Martin-Laurent F, Villenave C, Cortet J, Ruiz-Camacho N, Pernin C, Mateille T, Philippot L, Bellido A, Rougé L, Arrouays D, Bispo A, Pérès G. 2012. Integration of biodiversity in soil quality monitoring: baselines for microbial and soil fauna parameters for different land-use types. European Journal of Soil Biology 49:63–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortet J, Gomot de Vauflery A, Poinsot-Balaguer N, Gomot L, Texier C, Cluzeau D. 1999. The use of invertebrate soil fauna in monitoring pollutant effects. European Journal of Soil Biology 35:115–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumas JBA. 1831. Procédés de l‘analyse organique. Annales des Chimie et des Physique 247:198–213.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. 2006. World reference base for soil resources 2006. A framework for international classification, correlation and communication. 2nd edition. World Soil Resources Reports No. 103. Rome: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• Frampton GK. 1997. The potential of Collembola as indicators of pesticide usage evidence and methods from the UK arable ecosystem. Pedobiologia 41:179–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galli L, Capurro M, Shrubovych J, Torti C. 2012. Phenology of Protura in a northwestern Italian forest soil. (Hexapoda: Protura). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 55:33–43.
   Google Scholar
• Gardi C, Menta C, Leoni A. 2008. Evaluation of environmental impact of agricultural management practices using soil microarthropods. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17:1165–1169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardi C, Tomaselli M, Parisi V, Petraglia A, Santini C. 2002. Soil quality indicators and biodiversity in northern Italian permanent grasslands. European Journal of Soil Biology 38:103–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4:9 pp. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm. Accessed May 2011 5.
   Google Scholar
• Hartley W, Dickinson NM, Riby P, Shutes B. 2012. Sustainable ecological restoration of brownfield sites through engineering or managed natural attenuation? A case study from Northwest England. Ecological Engineering 40:70–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley W, Riby P, Dickinson NM, Shutes B, Sparke S, Scholz M. 2011. Planting woody crops on dredged contaminated sediment provides both positive and negative effects in terms of remediation. Environmental Pollution 159:3416–3424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley W, Uffindell L, Plumb A, Rawlinson HA, Putwain P, Dickinson NM. 2008. Assessing biological indicators for remediated anthropogenic urban soils. Science of the total Environment 405:358–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasegawa M. 2002. The response of collembolan community to the amount and composition of organic matter of a forest floor. Pedobiologia 46:353–364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hishi T, Fujimaki R, McGonigle TP, Takeda H. 2008. Relationships among fine roots, fungal hyphae and soil microarthropods among different soil microhabitats in a temperate coniferous forest of Chmaecyparis obtusa. European Journal of Soil Biology 44:473–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huhta V. 2002. Soil microarthropods communities in planted birch stands in comparison with natural forests in central Finland. Applied Soil Ecology 20:199–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffery S, Gardi C, Jones A, Montanarella L, Marmo L, Miko L, Ritz K, Peres G, Römbke J, van der Putten WH, editors. 2010. European atlas of soil biodiversity. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
   Google Scholar
• Klironomos JN, Kendrick B. 1995. Relationships among microarthropods, fungi, and their environment. Plant and Soil 170:183–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loranger G, Bandyopadhyaya I, Razaka B, Ponge J-F. 2001. Does soil acidity explain altitudinal sequences in collembolan communities?. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 33:381–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madej G, Barczyk G, Gdawiec M. 2011. Evaluation of Soil Biological Quality Index (QBS-ar): Its sensitivity and usefulness in the post-mining chronosequence – Preliminary research. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 20:1367–1372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters GJ, Brown VK, Clarke IP, Whittaker JB, Hollier JA. 1998. Direct and indirect effects of climate change on insect herbivores: Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera). Ecological Entomology 23:45–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoncini M, Canali S, Giovannetti M, Castagnoli M, Tittarelli F, Antichi D, Nannelli R, Cristiani C, Bàrberi P. 2010. Comparison of organic and conventional stockless arable systems: A multidisciplinary approach to soil quality evaluation. Applied Soil Ecology 44:124–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes AMSC, Graça JAR. 2009. Cork bottle stoppers and other cork products. In: Aronson J, Pereira JS, Pausas JG, editors. Cork oak woodlands on the edge, Washington, DC: Society for Ecological Restoration International/Island Press. pp. 59–69.
   Google Scholar
• Menta C, Leoni A, Bardini M, Gardi C, Gatti F. 2008. Nematode and microarthropod communities: Comparative use of soil quality bioindicators in covered dump and natural soils. Environmental Bioindicators 3:35–46.
   Google Scholar
• Menta C, Leoni A, Gardi C, Conti F. 2011. Are grasslands important habitats for soil microarthropod conservation?. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:1073–1087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiPAF (Ministero delle Politiche Agricole e Forestali). 2000. Osservatorio nazionale pedologico e per la qualità del suolo. International Society of Soil Science, Società Italiana della Scienza del Suolo. In: P. Violante. Metodi di analisi chimica del suolo. Milano: F. Angeli Ed.
   Google Scholar
• Moco MKS, Gama-Rodriguea EF, Gama-Rodrigues AC, Machado RCR, Baligar VC. 2010. Relationships between invertebrate communities, litter quality and soil attributes under different cacao agroforestry systems in the south of Bahia, Brazil. Applied Soil Ecology 46:347–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA circular 939. Washington D.C: U.S. Government Printer Office.
   Google Scholar
• Paoletti MG. 1999. The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as bioindicators. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 74:137–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paoletti MG, Hassal M. 1999. Woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea): Their potential for assessing sustainability and use as bioindicators. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 74:157–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parisi V, Menta C. 2008. Microarthropods of the soil: Convergence phenomena and evaluation of soil quality using QBS-ar and QBS-c. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17:1170–1174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parisi V, Menta C, Gardi C, Jacomini C, Mozzanica E. 2005. Microarthropod community as a tool to asses soil quality and biodiversity: a new approach in Italy. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 105:323–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson SJ, Press MC, Parson AN, Hartley SE. 2002. How do nutrients and warming impact on plant communities and their insect herbivores?. Journal of Ecology 90:544–556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruf A. 1998. A maturity index for predatory soil mites (Mesostigmata: Gamasina) as indicators of environmental impacts of pollution on forest soils. Applied Soil Ecology 9:447–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacchi CF, Testard P. 1971. Ecologie Animale. Paris: Doin.
   Google Scholar
• Sadaka N, Ponge JF. 2003. Soil animal communities in holm oak forests: Influence of horizon, altitude and year. European Journal of Soil Biology 39:197–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon S, Artuso N, Frizzera L, Zampedri R. 2008. Relationships between soil fauna communities and humus forms: Response to forest dynamics and solar radiation. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 40:1707–1715.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santorufo L, Van Gestel CAM, Rocco A, Misto G. 2012. Soil invertebrates as bioindicators of urban soil quality. Environmental Pollution 161:57–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapkota TB, Mazzoncini M, Bàrberi P, Antichi D, Silvestri N. 2012. Fifteen years of no till increase soil organic matter, microbial biomass and arthropod diversity in cover crop-based arable cropping systems. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 32:853–863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setälä H, Marshall VG, Trofymow JA. 1995. Influence of micro- and macro-habitat factors on collembolan communities in Douglas-fir stumps during forest succession. Applied Soil Ecology 2:227–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. 1995. Biometry. The principle and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Co. 853 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Staley JT, Hodgson CJ, Mortimer SR, Morecroft MD, Masters GJ, Brown VK, Taylor ME. 2007. Effects of summer rainfall manipulations on the abundance and vertical distribution of herbivorous soil macro-invertebrates. European Journal of Soil Biology 43:189–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenberg M. 2000. Terrestrial gastropods and experimental climate change: A field study in a calcareous grassland. Ecological Research 15:73–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson FJ. 1994. Humus chemistry. Genesis, composition, reactions. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Tabaglio V, Gavazzi C, Menta C. 2008. The influence of no-till, conventional tillage and nitrogen fertilization on physico-chemical and biological indicators after three years of monoculture barley. Italian Journal of Agronomy 3:233–240.
   Google Scholar
• Tabaglio V, Gavazzi C, Menta C. 2009. Physico-chemical indicators and microarthropod communities as influenced by no-till, conventional tillage and nitrogen fertilisation after four years of continuous maize. Soil & Tillage Research 105:135–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeda H. 1987. Dynamics and maintenance of Collembolan community structure in a forest soil system. Research in Population Ecology 29:291–346.
   Google Scholar
• Testi A, Fanelli G, Crosti R, Castigliani V, D’Angeli D. 2012. Characterizing river habitat quality using plant and animal bioindicators: A case study of Tirino River (Abruzzo Region, Central Italy). Ecological Indicators 20:24–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood AJ. 1997. Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge: University Press. pp 504.
   Google Scholar
• Van Straalen NM. 2004. The use of soil invertebrates in ecological survey of contaminated soils. In: Doelman P, Eijsackers HJP, editors. Vital soil function, value and properties. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 159–194.
   Google Scholar
• Villenave C, Bongers T, Ekschmitt K, Djigal D, Chotte JL. 2001. Changes in nematodes communities following cultivation of soil after fallow periods at different length. Applied Soil Ecology 17:43–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visioli G, Menta C, Gardi C, Conti FD. 2013. Metal toxicity and biodiversity in serpentine soils: Application of bioassay tests and microarthropod index. Chemosphere 90:1267–1273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolters V. 2001. Biodiversity of soils animals and its function. European Journal of Soil Biology 37:221–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System. 1996–2009. S. Rivas-Martinez & S. Rivas-Saenz, Phytosociological Research Center, Spain. Available: www.globalbioclimatics.org, Accessed May 2011 5.
   Google Scholar
• Zucca C, Canu A, Previtali F. 2010. Soil degradation by land use change in an agropastoral area in Sardinia (Italy). Catena 83:46–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar