References
- Bouillon , J. , Castiaux , P. and Vandermeerssche , G. 1958 . Musculature de la méduse Limnocnida tanganyicae (Hydroméduse) . Bull. Micr. Appl , 8 : 81 – 87 .
- Chapman , D. M. 1968 . A new type of muscle cell from the subumbrella of Obelia . J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K , 48 : 667 – 688 .
- Chapman , D. M. , Pantin , C. F. A. and Robson , E. A. 1962 . Muscle in coelenterates . Rev. Canad. Biol , 21 : 267 – 278 .
- Chapman , G. 1966 . “ The structure and functions of the mesoglea. ” . In “The Cnidaria and their Evolution” , Edited by: Rees , W. J. 146 – 168 . New York : Academic Press .
- Chia , F. S. and Crawford , B. 1977 . Comparative fine structural studies of planulae and primary polyps of identical age of the sea pen, Ptilosarcus gurneyi . J. Morph , 151 : 131 – 157 .
- Davis , L. E. 1973 . Histological and ultrastructural studies of the basal disk of Hydra. I . The glandulomuscular cell. Z. Zellforsch , 139 : 1 – 27 .
- Davis , L. E. , Burnett , A. L. and Haynes , J. F. 1968 . Histological and ultrastructural study of the muscular and nervous systems in Hydra. II. The nervous system . J. exp. Zool , 167 : 295 – 332 .
- Grimstone , A. V. , Horne , R. W. , Pantin , C. F. A. and Robson , E. A. 1958 . The fine structure of the mesenteries of the sea-anemone Metridium senile . Q. J. Micr. Sci , 99 : 523 – 540 .
- Haynes , J. F. , Burnett , A. L. and Davis , L. E. 1968 . Histological and ultrastructural study of the muscular and nervous systems in Hydra. I. The muscular system and the mesoglea . J. exp. Zool , 167 : 283 – 294 .
- Horridge , G. A. 1956 . The nerves and muscles of medusae. V. Double innervation in Scyphozoa . J. Exp. Biol , 33 : 366 – 383 .
- Hyman , L. H. 1940 . The Invertebrates: Protozoa through Ctenophora , New York : McGraw-Hill .
- Kawaguti , S. and Hamakoshi , T. 1963 . Electron microscopic studies on the striated and smooth muscles of an anthomedusa, Spirocodon saltatrix . Biol. J. Okayama Univ , 9 : 127 – 139 .
- Keough , E. M. and Summers , R. G. 1976 . An ultrastructural investigation of the striated sub-umbrella musculature of the anthomedusan, Pennaria tiarella . J. Morph , 149 : 507 – 526 .
- Kolenkine , X. and Bonnefoy , A. M. 1976 . Etude ultrastructurale des jonctions et “contacts” myoépitheliaux dans l'affrontement hétérospécifique Pelmatohydra oligactis et Hydra vulgaris . J. Micr. Biol. Cell , 27 : 59 – 68 .
- Lanzavecchia , G. 1972 . The “smooth” muscle of invertebrates . Boll. Zool , 39 : 159 – 172 .
- Leghissa , S. and Quaglia , A. 1966 . Ricerche sul sistema nervoso degli Antozoi. I. Struttura minuta nei tentacoli di Actinia equina . Arch. Zool. It , LI : 575 – 594 .
- Leghissa , S. , Quaglia , A. and Serafini , D. Fracassini Bagni . 1968 . Gli elementi contrattili di Actinia equina . Boll. Zool , 35 : 318
- Lentz , T. L. 1965 . The fine structure of differentiating interstitial cells in Hydra . Z. Zellforsch , 67 : 547 – 560 .
- Lentz , T. L. 1968 . Primitive nervous systems , New Haven : Yale Univ. Press .
- Maruyama , K. 1955 . Apyrase action of an acto-myosin-like protein from a sea-anemone . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 16 : 589 – 590 .
- Parker , G. H. 1919 . The elementary nervous system , Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott .
- Perkins , F. O. , Ramsey , R. W. and Street , S. F. 1971 . The ultrastructure of fishing tentacle muscle in the jellyfish Chrysaora quinquecirrha: a comparison of contracted and relaxed states . J. Ultrastruct. Res , 35 : 431 – 450 .
- Peteya , D. J. 1973 . A light and electron microscope study of the nervous system of Ceriantheopsis americanus . Z. Zellforsch , 141 : 301 – 317 .
- Singla , C. L. 1978 . Locomotion and neuromuscular system of Aglantha digitale . Cell Tiss. Res , 188 : 317 – 327 .
- Slautterback , D. B. 1967 . The cnidoblast-musculoepithelial cell complex in the tentacles of Hydra . Z. Zellforsch , 79 : 296 – 318 .
- Westfall , J. A. 1973 . Ultrastructural evidence for neuromuscular systems in coelenterates . Amer. Zool , 13 : 237 – 246 .
- Wood , R. L. 1959 . Intercellular attachment in the epithelium of Hydra as revealed by electron microscopy . J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol , 6 : 343 – 352 .