The historical extirpation of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus in the western Alps (France ‐ Italy): Modelling the impact of human persecution

References

• Bustamante , J. , Bögel , R. and d'Oleire Oltmanns , W. 1994 . Predictions derived from a Population Viability Analysis of the captive Bearded Vulture population and the population released in the Alps . Gypaetus barbatus, Bull. Bearded Vulture Project , 15 : 35 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Clouet , M. , Goar , J. L. and Pompidor , J. P. 1988 . L’ Aigle royal (Aquila chrysaetos). In: C. Dendaletche (ed.), Grands rapaces et corvidés des montagnes d'Europe . Acta Biol. Montana , 8 : 121 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Coton , C. and Estève , R. 1990 . La réintroduction du Gypaète barbu dans les Alpes . Rev. Ecol. (Terre et Vie) , 5 ( suppl. ) : 227 – 241 .
   Google Scholar
• Cramp , S. , ed. 1980 . “ Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa ” . In The birds of the western PalearctiC., Vol. II, Hawks to Bustard , 695 Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dendaletche , C. 1988 . Grands rapaces et corvidés des Montagnes d'Europe . Acta Biol. Montana , 8 : 189
   Google Scholar
• Donazar , J. A. , Hiraldo , F. and Bustamante , J. 1993 . Factors influencing nest site selection, breeding density and breeding success in the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) . J. appl. Ecol. , 30 : 504 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elosegi , I. 1988 . Le Gypaète barbu. In: C. Dendaletche (ed.), Grands rapaces et corvidés des montagnes d'Europe . Acta Biol. Montana , 8 : 53 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Fasce , P. and Fasce , L. 1988 . “ Aquila reale (Aquila chrysaetos) ” . In Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti in Piemonte e Val d'Aosta 1980–1984 , Mus. reg. Sci. nat., Torino, Monogr. 8 Edited by: Mingozzi , T. , Boano , G. and Pulcher , C. 106 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Fasce , P. and Fasce , L. 1992 . “ Aquila reale Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus, 1758) ” . In Fauna d'Italia , Edited by: Brichetti , P. , De Franceschi , P. and Baccetti , N. Vol. XXIX , 243 – 246 . Bologna : Aves. I. Calderini .
   Google Scholar
• Frey , H. 1994a . “ Reproduction 1994 ” . In Bearded Vulture Ann. Rep. 1994 3 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Frey , H. 1994b . “ The situation of the Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) in the Mediterranean countries ” . In Bearded Vulture Ann. Rep. 1994 54 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Frey , H. and Walter , W. . Raptors in the modern world . Proc. III World Conf. Birds Prey Owls . Eilat. The reintroduction of the Bearded Vulture into the Alps , Edited by: Meyburg , B. U. and Chancellor , R. D. pp. 341 – 344 .
   Google Scholar
• Frey , H. and Bijleveld van Lexmond , M. 1993 . “ The reintroduction of the Bearded Vulture, Gypaetus barbatus (Hablizl 1788) into the Alps ” . In Bearded Vulture Ann. Rep. 1993 3 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilpin , M. E. and Soulé , M. E. 1986 . “ Minimum Viable Populations: processes of species extinction ” . In Conservation biology. The science of scarcity, and diversity , Edited by: Soulé , M. E. 19 – 34 . Sunderland, Massachusetts : Sinauer Associates Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Heredia , R. 1986 . Bartgeier Spanische Pyrenäen . Gypaetus barbatus, Bull. Bartgeierprojekt , 8 : 37 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Heredia , R. 1992 . Bartgeier in den Spanischen Pyrenäen. Brutergebnisse, Reproduktionsparameter und Ursachen der misslungenen Brüten 1991 . Gypaetus barbatus, Bull. Bartgeierprojekt , 14 : 52 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Heredia , R. 1993 . “ Bearded Vulture in the Spanish Pyrenees. Parameters and results of reproduction and reasons for unsuccessful breeding in 1993 ” . In Bearded Vulture Ann. Rep. 1993 38 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Heredia , R. 1994 . “ Bearded Vulture in the Spanish Pyrenees. Parameters and results of reproduction in 1994 ” . In Bearded Vulture Ann. Rep. 1994 49 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Hiraldo , F. , Delibes , M. and Calderon , J. 1979 . El Quebrantahuesos , monogr. 22 183 Madrid : ICONA .
   Google Scholar
• Kurzweil , J. 1994 . “ Survival of released Bearded Vultures: influence on the development of a stable population ” . In Bearded Vulture Ann. Rep. 1994 31 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Lacy , R. C. 1991 . VORTEX a computer simulation program for population viability analysis . Species , 17 : 18 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Lacy , R. C. 1993 . VORTEX a computer simulation model for population viability analysis . Wildl. Res. , 20 : 45 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacy , R. C. and Kreeger , T. 1992 . VORTEX a stochastic simulation of the extinction process , IUCN Captive Breeding Specialist Group, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo .
   Google Scholar
• Michel , S. , ed. . L'Aigle Royal (Aquila chrysaetos) en Europe . Acte du premier colloque international sur l'Aigle royal en Europe . juin 13–14–15 1986 . Briançon : Maison de la Nature . à Arvieux)
   Google Scholar
• Mingozzi , T. and Estève , R. in press . Analysis of a historical extirpation of the bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus (L.) in the western Alps (France‐Italy): former distribution and causes of extirpation . Biol. Conserv. ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozenda , P. 1985 . La végétation de la chaîne alpine dans l'espace montagnard européen , 344 Paris : Masson .
   Google Scholar
• Razin , M. and Terrasse , J. F. 1994 . “ Bearded Vulture in the French Pyrenees in 1994 ” . In Bearded Vulture Ann. Rep. 1994 53
   Google Scholar
• Terrasse , J. F. 1988 . Gypaète barbu en liberté. Pyrénées Nord 1988 . Gypaetus barbatus, Bull. Bartgeierprojekt , 10 : 47
   Google Scholar
• Terrasse , J. F. 1990 . Gypaète barbu en liberté. France . Gypaetus barbatus, Bull. Bartgeierprojekt , 12 : 58 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Terrasse , J. F. 1992 . Gypaète barbu ‐ synthèse réproduction 1991 . Gypaetus barbatus, Bull. Bartgeierprojekt , 14 : 55 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• To whom correspondence should be addressed.
   Google Scholar