The leaf economics spectrum of Poaceae reflects variation in survival strategies

References

• Aguiar , M R , Paruelo , J M , Sala , O E and Lauenroth , W K . 1996 . Ecosystem responses to changes in plant functional type composition: An example from the Patagonian steppe . J Vegetation Sci , 7 : 381 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkin , O K and Lambers , H . 1998 . “ Slow-growing alpine and fast-growing lowland species: A case study of factors associated with variation in growth rate among herbaceous higher plants under natural and controlled conditions ” . In Inherent variation in growth rate , Edited by: Lambers , H , Poorter , H and Van Vuuren , M MI . 259 – 288 . Leiden : Backhuys .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , C J and Farrar , J F . 1983 . Allocation of photosynthetically-fixed carbon in Festuca ovina L. and Nardus stricta L . N Phytol , 95 : 519 – 531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caccianiga , M , Luzzaro , A , Pierce , S , Ceriani , R M and Cerabolini , B . 2006 . The functional basis of a primary succession resolved by CSR classification . Oikos , 112 : 10 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelissen , J HC , Lavorel , S , Garnier , E , Diaz , S , Buchmann , N Gurvich , D E . 2003 . A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide . Aust J Bot , 51 : 335 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craine , J M , Berin , D M , Reich , P B , Tilman , D G and Knops , J MH . 1999 . Measurement of leaf longevity of 14 species of grasses and forbs using a novel approach . N Phytol , 142 : 475 – 481 .
   Google Scholar
• Craine , J M , Tilman , D , Wedin , D , Reich , P , Tjoelkier , M and Knops , J . 2002 . Functional traits, productivity and effects on nitrogen cycling of 33 grassland species . Funct Ecol , 16 : 563 – 574 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz , S , Hodgson , J G , Thompson , K , Cabido , M , Cornelissen , J HC Jalili , A . 2004 . The plant traits that drive ecosystems: Evidence from three continents . J Vegetation Sci , 15 : 295 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dormann , C F and Woodin , S J . 2002 . Climate change in the Arctic: Using plant functional types in a meta-analysis of field experiments . Funct Ecol , 16 : 4 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnier , E . 1992 . Growth analysis of congeneric annual and perennial grass species . J Ecol , 80 : 665 – 675 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grime , J P . 1979 . Plant strategies and vegetation processes , Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Grime , J P . 2001 . Plant strategies, vegetation processes and ecosystem properties , 2nd ed , Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Haslam , R P , Borland , A M and Griffiths , H . 2002 . Short-term plasticity of crassulacean acid metabolism expression in the epiphytic bromeliad, Tillandsia usneoides . Funct Plant Biol , 29 : 749 – 756 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heslop-Harrison , Y and Heslop-Harrison , J S . 1996 . Lodicule function and filament extension in the grasses: potassium ion movement and tissue specialization . Ann Bot , 77 : 573 – 582 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodgson , J G , Wilson , P J , Hunt , R , Grime , J P and Thompson , K . 1999 . Allocating CSR plant functional types: A soft approach to a hard problem . Oikos , 85 : 282 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs , B F , Kingston , J D and Jacobs , L L . 1999 . The origin of grass-dominated ecosystems . Ann Missouri Bot Garden , 86 : 590 – 643 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellogg , E A . 2001 . Evolutionary history of the grasses . Plant Physiol , 125 : 1198 – 1205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambers , H and Poorter , H . 1992 . Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: A search for physiological causes and ecological consequences . Adv Ecol Res , 23 : 188 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews , S , Tsai , R C and Kellogg , E A . 2000 . Phylogenetic structure in the grass family (Poaceae): Evidence from the nuclear gene phytochrome B . Am J Bot , 87 : 96 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell , K , von Caemmerer , S and Evans , J R . 1997 . Is a low internal conductance to CO2 a consequence of succulence in plants with Crassulacean acid metabolism? . Aust J Plant Physiol , 24 : 777 – 786 .
   Google Scholar
• Niklas , K J . 1992 . Plant biomechanics: An engineering approach to plant form and function , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Oleson , K W and Bonan , G B . 2000 . The effects of remotely sensed plant functional type and leaf area index on simulations of boreal forest fluxes by the NCAR land surface model . J Hydrometeorol , 1 : 431 – 446 .
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , S , Winter , K and Griffiths , H . 2002a . Carbon isotope ratio and the extent of daily CAM use by Bromeliaceae . N Phytol , 156 : 75 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Pierce , S , Winter , K and Griffiths , H . 2002b . The role of CAM in high rainfall cloud forests: An in situ comparison of photosynthetic pathways in Bromeliaceae . Plant Cell Environ , 25 : 1181 – 1189 .
   Google Scholar
• Pignatti , S . 1982 . “ Flora d'Italia ” . Bologna : Edagricole .
   Google Scholar
• Podani , J. 1994 . Multivariate data analysis in ecology and systematics – a methodological guide to the SYN-TAX 5.0 package , The Hague : SPB Academic Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Prasad , V , Strömberg , C AE , Alimohammadian , H and Sahni , A . 2005 . Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers . Nature , 310 : 1177 – 1180 .
   Google Scholar
• Reich , P B , Ellsworth , D S , Walters , M B , Vose , J M , Gresham , C Volin , J C . 1999 . Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes . Ecology , 80 : 1955 – 1969 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich , P B , Tilman , D , Craine , J , Ellsworth , D , Tjoelker , M G Knops , J . 2001 . Do species and functional groups differ in acquisition and use of C, N and water under varying atmospheric CO2 and N availability regimes? A field test with 16 grassland species . N Phytol , 150 : 435 – 448 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich , P B , Wright , I J , Cavender-Bares , J , Craine , J M , Oleksyn , J Westoby , M . 2003 . The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies . Int J Plant Sci , 164 : S143 – S164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sage , R F . 2004 . The evolution of C4 photosynthesis . N Phytol , 161 : 341 – 370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipley , B . 2002 . Trade-offs between net assimilation rate and specific leaf area in determining relative growth rate: Relationship with daily irradiance . Funct Ecol , 16 : 682 – 689 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvertown , J , Dodd , M and Gowing , D . 2001 . Phylogeny and the niche structure of meadow plant communities . J Ecol , 89 : 428 – 435 .
   Google Scholar
• Ueno , O . 2004 . Environmental regulation of photosynthetic metabolism in the amphibious sedge Eleocharis baldwinii and comparisons with related species . Plant Cell Environ , 27 : 627 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villar , R , Marañón , T , Quero , J L , Panadero , P , Arenas , F and Lambers , H . 2005 . Variation in relative growth rate of 20 Aegilops species (Poaceae) in the field: The importance of net assimilation rate or specific leaf area depends on the time scale . Plant Soil , 272 : 11 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voznesenskaya , E V , Franceschi , V R , Kiirats , O , Artyusheva , E G , Freitag , H and Edwards , G E . 2002 . Proof of C4 photosynthesis without Kranz anatomy in Bienertia cycloptera (Chenopodiaceae) . Plant J , 31 : 649 – 662 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , R Z . 2004 . Photosynthetic and morphological functional types from different steppe communities in Inner Mongolia, North China . Photosynthetica , 42 : 493 – 503 .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , I J , Reich , P B , Westoby , M , Ackerley , D D , Baruch , Z Bongers , F . 2004 . The worldwide leaf economics spectrum . Nature , 428 : 821 – 827 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar