Comparison of forest stand structure and management of silver fir–European beech forests in the Central Apennines, Italy and in the Dinaric Mountains, Slovenia

References

• Abbate , G. 1990 . Le foreste della riserva MaB “Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo” (Molise, Italy) . Docum Phytosociologiques , 12 : 289 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Amorfini , A , Bartelletti , A , Cavalloni , G , Genovesi , G , Guazzi , E Ronchieri , I . 2006 . Autochthony and conservation of a relict population of Abies Alba miller in the Apuan Alps Regional Park (Tuscany – Italy) . Nat Conserv , 6 : 417 – 442 .
   Google Scholar
• Bianchi , L and Paci , M. 2008 . Dynamics and management of silver fir stand in Tuscany: a review of long-term research . Forest@ , 5: : 122 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Boncina , A , Diaci , J and Cencic , L. 2002 . Comparison of the two main types of selection forests in Slovenia: distribution, site conditions, stand structure, regeneration and management . Forestry , 75: : 365 – 373 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boncina , A , Gaspersic , F and Diaci , J. 2003 . Long-term changes in tree species composition in the Dinaric mountain forests of Slovenia . Forest Chron , 79: : 227 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bretz Guby , N A and Dobbertin , M. 1996 . Quantitative estimates of coarse woody debris and standing dead trees in selected Swiss forests . Glob Ecol Biogeogr Lett , 5 : 327 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucher , H U. 1999 . “ Abies alba Miller, 1768 ” . In Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse , Edited by: Schütt , P , Weisgerber , H , Schuck , H J , Lang , U and Roloff , A . 16th volume , 18 Landsberg/Lech : ecomed-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Cavlovic , J , Bozic , M and Boncina , A. 2006 . Stand structure of an uneven-aged fir–beech forest with an irregular diameter structure: modeling the development of the Belevine forest, Croatia . Eur J Forest Res , 125 : 325 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , M , Hahn , K , Mountford , E P , Wijdeven , S MJ , Manning , D B Standovar , T . 2003 . “ Study on deadwood in European beech forest reserves ” . In Work package 2 in the Nat-Man project (Nature-based Management of beech in Europe) , European Community 5th Framework Programme . Available: http://www.flec.kvl.dk/natman, Accessed Sept 2011 26
   Google Scholar
• Ciancio , O , Iovino , F , Menguzzato , G and Mirabella , G. 1985 . L'abete (Abies alba Mill.) in Calabria: possibilità e limiti di diffusione e ridiffusione . Ann Ist Sper Selvicolt , 16 : 7 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Corona , P , Blasi , C , Chirici , G , Facioni , L , Fattorini , L and Ferrari , B. 2010 . Monitoring and assessing old-growth forest stands by plot sampling . Plant Biosyst , 144: : 171 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaci , J . 1999 . Virgin forests and forest reserves in Central and East European Countries , Ljubljana : University of Ljubljana .
   Google Scholar
• Diaci , J , Rozenbergar , D and Boncina , A. 2010 . Stand dynamics of Dinaric old-growth forest in Slovenia: are indirect human influences relevant? . Plant Biosys , 144: : 194 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Martino , P. 1988 . “ Silver fir in tree forests of Molise ” . In Human influence on forest ecosystem development in Europe , Edited by: Salbitano F, editor . 335 – 338 . Bologna : Pitagora Editrice . ESF FERN CNR
   Google Scholar
• EEA . 2006 . “ European forest types – categories and types for sustainable forest management reporting and policy ” . In Tech. Rep. 9 , European Environmental Agency .
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2003 . “ Natura 2000 and forests ‘Challenges and opportunities’ ” . In Interpretation guide , Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities .
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari , G A and Wolf , U. 1970 . Considerazioni sui suoli e la rinnovazione naturale dell'abete bianco (Abies alba Mill.) del bosco “Abeti Soprani” (Pescopennataro-IS) . Ann Acc It Sci For , 19 : 423 – 439 .
   Google Scholar
• Ficko , A and Boncina , A. 2006 . Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) distribution in Slovenian forests . Zb gozd lesar , 79 : 19 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• FMP . 2004 . Forest management plan for FMU Leskova dolina 2004–2013 (in Slovene) Available in paper format at the Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana
   Google Scholar
• Green , P and Peterken , G F. 1997 . Variation in the amount of deadwood in the woodlands of the Lower Wye Valley, UK in relation to the intensity of management . For Ecol Manage , 98 : 229 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hufnagl , L. 1893 . “ Der Plenterwald, sein Normalbild, Holzvorrat, Zuwachs und Ertrag ” . In Österr Vierteljahresschr Forstwes 117 – 132 . (in German)
   Google Scholar
• Huntley , Y B and Birks , H JB. 1983 . An atlas of past and present pollen maps for Europe-Abies-Fir , 73 – 90 . Cambridge : Cumbridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Inventario Nazionale delle Foreste e dei Serbatoi Forestali di Carbonio (INFC) . 2008 . Tabella 1.4 – Estensione delle categorie forestali dei Boschi Available: alti.www.sian.it/inventarioforestale. Accessed Sept 2011 26
   Google Scholar
• Johann , E. 2007 . Traditional forest management under the influence of science and industry: the story of the alpine cultural landscapes . For Ecol Manage , 249 : 54 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klopcic , M , Jerina , K and Boncina , A. 2010 . Long-term changes of structure and tree species composition in Dinaric uneven-aged forests: are red deer an important factor? . Eur J Forest Res , 129: : 277 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korpel , S. 1995 . Die Urwälder der Westkarpaten , Stuttgart : Gustav Fisher Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Leibundgut , H. 1993 . Europäische Urwä lder , Bern : Paul Haupt .
   Google Scholar
• Latham , P A , Zuuring , H R and Coble , D W. 1998 . A method for quantifying vertical forest structure . For Ecol Manage , 104: : 157 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardi , F , Cherubini , P , Tognetti , R and Marchetti , M. 2008b . Tree rings assess deadwood decay rates in beech and silver fir forests in Central Apennines (Molise, Italy) . Can J For Res , 38 : 821 – 833 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardi , F , Lasserre , B , Tognetti , R and Marchetti , M. 2008a . Deadwood in relation to stand management and forest type in Central Apennines (Molise, Italy) . Ecosystems , 11 : 882 – 894 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manetti , M C and Cutini , A. 2006 . Tree-ring growth of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in two stands under different silvicultural systems in central Italy . Dendrochronologia , 23: : 145 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Perko , F. 2002 . Zapisano v branikah: Gozdovi in gozdarstvo od Sneznika do Nanosa skozi cas , Postojna (in Slovene) : Gozdarsko drustvo Postojna .
   Google Scholar
• Plutino , M , Corona , P and Menguzzato , G. 2005 . Abete bianco e faggio delle Serre Vibonesi, espressione della continua lotta tra due delle principali specie della selvicoltura appenninica . L'Italia Forestale e Montana , 60: : 713 – 727 .
   Google Scholar
• Pommerening , A. 2006 . Evaluating structural indices by reversing forest structural analysis . For Ecol Manage , 224 : 266 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , B D , Manion , P D and Faber-Langendoen , D. 2006 . Diameter distributions and structural sustainability in forests . For Ecol Manage , 222 : 427 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schollmayer , H. 1906 . Direktiven für die Bestandesaufnahme und die Betriebseinrichtung auf der F.C. Herrschaft Schneeberg , Bamberg , Ljubljana (in German) : Kleinmayr .
   Google Scholar
• Slovenia Forest Service . 1997 . Digital forest inventory database , Ljubljana , Slovenia : Slovenia Forest Service .
   Google Scholar
• Travaglini , D , Barbati , A , Chirici , G , Lombardi , F , Marchetti , M and Corona , P. 2007 . ForestBIOTA data on deadwood monitoring in Europe . Plant Biosys , 141: : 222 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrska , T , Adam , D , Hort , L , Kolár , T and Janík , D. 2009 . European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) rotation in the Carpathians – a developmental cycle or a linear trend induced by man? . For Ecol Manage , 258 : 347 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar