162
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
New Trends in Plant Cytogenetics and Cytoembryology – Dedicated to the Memory of Emilio Battaglia

Pollen and seed analogies

Pages 738-748 | Published online: 13 Sep 2012

References

  • Angelovici , R , Galili , G , Frenie , A R and Faith , A . 2010 . Seed desiccation: A bridge between maturation and germination . Trends Plant Sci , 15 : 211 – 218 .
  • Ballestreros , D and Walters , C . 2011 . Detailed characterization of mechanical properties and molecular mobility within dry seed glasses: Relevance to the physiology of dry biological systems . Plant J , 68 : 607 – 619 .
  • Barth , F G . 1991 . “ Insects and flowers ” . In The biology of a partnership , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Baskin , C C and Baskin , J M . 1998 . Seeds: Ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination , New York : Academic Press .
  • Bell , P R . 1992 . Apospory and apogamy: Implications for understanding the plant life cycle . Int J Plant Sci , 153 : 123 – 136 .
  • Bellani , L M , Pacini , E and Franchi , G G . 1985a . In vitro pollen grain germination and starch content in species with different reproductive cycles. I. Lycopersicon peruvinum Mill . Acta Bot Neerl , 34 : 59 – 64 .
  • Bellani , L M , Pacini , E and Francli , G G . 1985b . In vitro pollen grain germination and starch content in species with different reproductive cycles. II. Malus domestica Borkh. cultivars Starkrimson and Golden Delicious . Acta Bot Neerl , 34 : 65 – 11 .
  • Bewley , J D . 1997 . Seed germination and dormancy . Plant Cell , 9 : 1055 – 1066 .
  • Bewley , J D and Black , M . 1994 . Seeds: Physiology of development and germination. , 2nd ed , New York : Plenum Press .
  • Bianchini , M and Pacini , E . 1996a . The caruncle of Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) its development and role in seed dehydration, rehydration and germination . Int J Plant Sci , 157 : 40 – 48 .
  • Bianchini , M and Pacini , E . 1996b . Explosive anther dehiscence in Ricinus communis L. involves cell wall modifications and relative humidity . Int J Plant Sci , 151 : 139 – 145 .
  • Bicknell , R A and Koltunow , A M . 2004 . Understanding apomixis: Recent advances and remaining conundrums . Plant Cell , 16 : 5228 – 5245 .
  • Borg , M , Brownfield , L and Twell , D . 2009 . Male gametophyte development: A molecular perspective . J Exp Bot , 60 : 1465 – 1478 .
  • Brisibe , E , Gajdosova , A , Olesen , A and Andersen , S V . 2000 . Cyto differentiation and transformation of embryogenic callus lines derived from anther culture of wheat . J Exp Bot , 51 : 181 – 196 .
  • Brown , D CW , Watson , E M and Pechan , P M . 1993 . Induction of desiccation tolerance in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus . In Vitro Cell Dev Biol , 29 : 113 – 118 .
  • Carrizo Garcia , C , Nepi , M and Pacini , E . 2006 . Structural aspects and ecophysiology of anther opening in Allium triquetrum . Ann Bot , 97 : 521 – 527 .
  • Cheng , M , Frey , J E , Pang , S , Zhon , H , Hironaka , C M Duncan , D R . 1997 . Genetic transformation of wheat mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens . Plant Physiol , 115 : 911 – 980 .
  • Chiarucci , A , Pacini , E and Loppi , S . 1993 . Influence of temperature and rainfall on fruit and seed production of Arbutus unedo L . Bot J Linn Soc , 111 : 71 – 82 .
  • Clément , C and Audran , J-C . 1999 . “ Anther carbohydrates during in vivo and in vitro pollen development ” . In Anther and pollen: From biology to biotechnology , Edited by: Clément , C , Pacini , E and Audran , J-C . 69 – 90 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Clément , C and Pacini , E . 2001 . Anther plastids in angiosperms . Bot Rev , 67 : 54 – 73 .
  • Clément , C , Sangwan , R S and Sangwan , B S . 2005 . “ Microspore embryo induction and development in higher plants: Cytological and ultrastructural aspects ” . In Haploids in crop improvement II , Edited by: Palmer , C E , Keller , W A and Kasha , K J . 53 – 72 . Berlin : Springer .
  • Clutter , M , Brady , T , Walbot , V and Sussex , I . 1974 . Macromolecular synthesis during plant embryogeny. Cellular rates of RNA synthesis in diploid and polytene cells in bean embryos . J Cell Biol , 63 : 1091 – 1102 .
  • Dafni , A . 1992 . Pollination ecology: A practical approach , Oxford : OIRL Press of Oxford University .
  • Da Costa-Nunes , J A and Grossniklaus , U . 2003 . Unveiling the gene – Expression profile of pollen . Genome Biol , 5 : 205 – 212 .
  • Devi , V S , Satyanarayana , N V and Madhvo Rao , K V . 1999 . Induction of heat shock proteins and acquisition of thermotolerance in germinating pigeon pea seeds . Biol Plantarum , 42 : 589 – 597 .
  • Dickinson , D B . 1967 . Permeability and respiration properties of germinating pollen . Physiol Plant , 20 : 118 – 121 .
  • Dickinson , D B . 1968 . Rapid starch synthesis associated with increased respiration in germinating lily pollen . Plant Physiol , 43 : 1 – 8 .
  • Dure III , L D . 1985 . Embryogenesis and gene expression during seed formation . Oxford Surv Plant Mol Cell Biol , 2 : 179 – 197 .
  • Engelmann , E and Engels , J MM . 2002 . “ Technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation ” . In Managing plant genetic diversity , Edited by: Engels , J MM , Ramanatha Rao , D , Brow , A HD and Jackson , M T . 89 – 104 . New York : CABI Publishing .
  • Faegri , K and van der Pijl , L . 1979 . The principles of pollination ecology , Oxford : Pergamon Press .
  • Footitt , S and Cohn , M A . 2001 . Developmental arrest: From sea urchin to seeds . Seeds Sci Res , 11 : 3 – 16 .
  • Franchi , G G , Nepi , M , Dafni , A and Pacini , E . 2002 . Partially hydrated pollen: Taxonomic distribution, ecological and evolutionary significance . Plant Syst Evol , 234 : 211 – 227 .
  • Franchi , G G , Piotto , B , Nepi , M , Baskin , C C , Baskin , J M and Pacini , E . 2011 . Pollen and seed desiccation tolerance in relation to degree of developmental arrest, dispersal and survival . J. Exp Bot , 62 : 5267 – 5281 .
  • Frova , C , Taramino , G and Binelli , G . 1989 . Heat shock proteins during pollen development in maize . Dev Genet , 10 : 324 – 332 .
  • Garello , G and Lepage-Degivry , M-T . 1995 . Desiccation-sensitive Hopea odorata seeds: Sensitivity to abscisic acid, water potential and inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis . Plant Physiol , 95 : 45 – 50 .
  • Golovina , E A , Hoekstra , F A and Hemminga , M A . 1998 . Drying increases intracellular partitioning of amphiphilic substances into lipid phase . Plant Physiol , 118 : 975 – 986 .
  • Hamill , J D , Blomstedt , C , Gianello , R , Kuang , J , Bronson , P Ng , A . 1996 . “ Molecular aspects of desiccation tolerance in resurrection grasses ” . In Plant reproduction 96 (14th International Congress of Sexual Plant Reproduction, Victoria, Australia) , 20 Australia : CSIRO . (Abstract)
  • Hendry , G AF , Finch-Savage , W E , Thorpe , P C , Atherton , N M , Buckland , S M Nilsson , K A . 1992 . Free radical processes and loss of seed viability during desiccation in the recalcitrant species Quercus robur L . New Phytol , 122 : 273 – 279 .
  • Herrera , C M . 1987 . Vertebrate-dispersed plants of the Iberian peninsula: A study of fruit characteristics . Ecol Monogr , 51 : 305 – 331 .
  • Herrera , C M . 1989 . Seed dispersed by animals: A role in angiosperm diversification . Am Nat , 133 : 309 – 322 .
  • Herrero , M and Dickinson , H G . 1981 . Pollen tube development in Petunia hybrida following compatible and incompatible intraspecific matings . J Cell Sci , 47 : 365 – 383 .
  • Heslop-Harrison , J . 1987 . Pollen germination and pollen – Tube growth . Int Rev Cytol , 107 : 1 – 78 .
  • Heslop-Harrison , J and Heslop-Harrison , Y . 1980 . Cytochemical and function of the Zwischenkorper in grass pollens . Pollen Spores , 22 : 5 – 10 .
  • Heslop-Harrison , J and Heslop-Harrison , Y . 1987 . Pollen germination and pollen tube growth . Int Rev Cytol , 107 : 1 – 78 .
  • Heslop-Harrison , J and Heslop-Harrison , Y . 1992 . Intracellular motility, the actin cytoskeleton and germinability in the pollen of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) . Sex Plant Reprod , 5 : 247 – 255 .
  • Heslop-Harrison , J and Heslop-Harrison , Y . 1993 . Vapour phase activation, intracellular motility and germination in the triporate pollen of Epilobium angustifolium . Bot Acta , 106 : 331 – 337 .
  • Heslop-Harrison , Y , Heslop-Harrison , J S and Heslop-Harrison , J . 1986 . Germination of Corylus avellana L. (hazel) pollen: Hydration and the function of the oncus . Acta Bot Neerl , 35 : 265 – 284 .
  • Hoekstra , F A . 2005 . Differential longevities in desiccated anhydrobiotic plant systems . Integra Comp Biol , 45 : 725 – 733 .
  • Hoekstra , F A and Van Roekel , T . 1988 . Desiccation tolerance of Papaver dubium L. pollen during its development in the anther: Possible role of phospholipid composition and sucrose content . Plant Physiol , 88 : 626 – 632 .
  • Honys , D and Twel , D L . 2003 . Comparative analysis of the Arabidopsis transcriptome . Plant Physiol , 132 : 640 – 652 .
  • Hormanza , J L and Herrero , M . 1996 . Dynamics of pollen tube growth under different competition regimes . Sex Plant Reprod , 9 : 153 – 160 .
  • Huang , B-Q and Russell , S D . 1992 . Female germ unit organization, isolation, and function . Int Rev Cytol , 140 : 233 – 293 .
  • Hughes , L , Dunlop , M , French , K , Leishman , M R , Rice , B Rodgerson , L . 1994 . Predicting dispersal spectra: A minimal set of hypotheses based on plant attributes . J Ecol , 82 : 933 – 950 .
  • Jaillais , B , Perrin , E , Mangavel , C and Bertrand , D . 2011 . Characterization of the desiccation of wheat kernels by multivariate imaging . Planta , 233 : 1147 – 1156 .
  • Ji , A , Geng , X , Zhang , Y , Yang , H and Wu , G . 2011 . Advances in somatic embryogenesis research of horticultural plants . Am J Plant Sci , 2 : 727 – 732 .
  • Jordano , P . 1995 . Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers: A comparative analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions . Am Nat , 145 : 163 – 191 .
  • Kermode , A R and Bewley , J D . 1985 . The role of maturation drying in the transition from seed to germination . J Exp Bot , 36 : 1906 – 1915 .
  • Kermode , A R and Bewley , J D . 1989 . Developing seeds of Ricinus communis L., when detached and maintained in an atmosphere of high relative humidity, switch to a germination mode without the requirement for complete desiccation . Plant Physiol , 90 : 102 – 701 .
  • Koornneef , M , Hanhart , C J , Hilhorst , H WM and Karssen , C M . 1989 . In vivo inhibition of seed development and reserve protein accumulation in recombinants of abscisic acid biosynthesis and responsiveness mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana . Plant Physiol , 90 : 463 – 469 .
  • Kott , L S and Beversdorf , W D . 1990 . Enhanced plant regulation from microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus by chilling, partial desiccation and age selection . Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , 23 : 187 – 192 .
  • Kumlehn , J and Lörz , H . 1999 . “ Monitoring sporophytic development of individual microspores of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ” . In Anther and pollen: From biology to biotechnology , Edited by: Clément , C , Pacini , E and Audran , J-C . 183 – 190 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Lalonde , S , Morse , D and Saini , H S . 1997 . Expression of wheat ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene during development of normal and water-stressed affected anthers . Plant Mol Biol , 34 : 445 – 453 .
  • Lane , B G . 1991 . Cellular desiccation and hydration: Developmentally regulated proteins, and the maturation and germination of seed embryos . FASEB J , 15 : 2893 – 2901 .
  • Lin , T P and Chen , M H . 1995 . Biochemical characteristics associated with the development of desiccation-sensitive seeds of Lachilus thunbergii Sich & Zucc . Ann Bot , 76 : 381 – 387 .
  • Lipp , J . 1991 . Detection of ABA and proline in pollen . Biochem Physiol Pflanzen , 181 : 211 – 216 .
  • Lisci , M , Bianchini , M and Pacini , E . 1996a . Structure and function of elaiosomes in some angiosperm species . Flora , 191 : 131 – 141 .
  • Lisci , M , Cardinali , G and Pacini , E . 1996b . Pollen dispersal and role of pollenkitt in Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae) . Flora , 191 : 385 – 391 .
  • Lisci , M , Tanda , C and Pacini , E . 1994 . Pollination ecophysiology of Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae), an anemophilous species growing all year round . Ann Bot , 14 : 125 – 135 .
  • Liu , K , Baskin , J M , Baskin , C C , Bu , H , Liu , M Liu , W . 2011 . Effect of storage conditions on germination of seeds of 489 species from high elevation grasslands of the eastern Tibet Plateau and some implications for climatic change . Am J Bot , 98 : 12 – 19 .
  • Longo , C P . 1994 . “ Genes controlling sex expression ” . In Genetic control of self-incompatibility and reproductive development in flowering plants , Edited by: Williams , E G , Clarke , A E and Knox , R B . 245 – 265 . The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
  • Mackenzie , A , Heslop-Harrison , J and Dickinson , H G . 1967 . Elimination of ribosomes during meiotic prophase . Nature , 215 : 997 – 999 .
  • Mascarenhas , J P . 1975 . The biochemistry of angiosperm pollen development . Bot Rev , 41 : 259 – 314 .
  • Mascarenhas , J P . 1992 . “ Pollen expressed genes and their regulation ” . In Angiosperm pollen and ovules , Edited by: Ottaviano , E , Mulcahy DL, Sari-Gorla , M and Bergamini , G Mulcahy . 1 – 6 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Mascarenhas , J P and Crone , D E . 1996 . Pollen and the heat shock response . Sex Plant Reprod , 9 : 370 – 374 .
  • Marshall , D L and Folsom , W . 1992 . “ The potential for interference among pollen of wild radish ” . In Angiosperm pollen and ovules , Edited by: Ottaviano , E , Mulcahy , D L , Sari Gorla , M and Bergamini , G Mulcahy . 435 – 440 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • McCormick , S . 2004 . Control of male gametophyte development . Plant Cell , 16 : 142 – 153 .
  • Misra , S and Bewley , J D . 1985 . Reprogramming of protein synthesis from a development to a germinative mode induced bv desiccation of the axes of Phaseolus vulgaris . Plant Physiol , 18 : 875 – 882 .
  • Misra , S and Bewley , J D . 1986 . Desiccation of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds during and following germination and its effect on the translatable mRNA population of the seed axes . J Exp Bot , 31 : 364 – 314 .
  • Nepi , M , Cresti , L , Guarnieri , M and Pacini , E . 2010 . Effect of relative humidity on water content, viability and carbohydrate profile of Petunia hybrida and Cucurbita pepo . Plant Syst Evol , 284 : 57 – 64 .
  • Nepi , M , Franchi , G G and Pacini , E . 2001 . Pollen hydration status at dispersal: Cytological features and strategies . Protoplasma , 216 : 171 – 180 .
  • Nepi , M and Pacini , E . 1993 . Pollination, pollen viability and pistil receptivity in Cucurbita pepo . Ann Bot , 72 : 521 – 536 .
  • Oliver , M K and Bewley , J D . 1984 . Plant desiccation and protein synthesis. VI. Changes in protein synthesis elicited by desiccation of the moss Tortula ruralis are effected at the translational level . Plant Physiol , 14 : 923 – 927 .
  • Ottaviano , E and Mulcahy , D L . 1989 . Genetics of angiosperm pollen . Adv Genet , 26 : 1 – 64 .
  • Pacini , E . 1990a . Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae) seed interactions with the ant Messor structor (Latr.) Hymenoptera: Formicidae . Acta Bot Neerl , 39 : 253 – 262 .
  • Pacini , E . 1990b . Harmomegathic characters of Pteridophyta spores and Spermatophyta pollen . Plant Syst Evol , : 53 – 69 .
  • Pacini , E . 1996 . Types and meaning of pollen carbohydrate reserves . Sex Plant Reprod , 9 : 362 – 366 .
  • Pacini , E . 1997 . Tapetum character states: Analytical keys for tapetum types and activities . Can J Bot , 75 : 1448 – 1459 .
  • Pacini , E . 2000 . “ From anther and pollen ripening to pollen presentation ” . In Pollen and pollination , Edited by: Dafni A , M Hesse and Pacini , E . 19 – 43 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Pacini , E and Franchi , G G . 1982 . Germination of pollen inside anthers in some non-cleistogamous species . Caryologia , 35 : 205 – 215 .
  • Pacini , E and Franchi , G G . 1998 . “ Pollen dispersal units, gynoecium and pollination ” . In Reproductive biology , Edited by: Owens , S J and Rudall , P J . 183 – 195 . Kew : Royal Botanic Gardens .
  • Pacini , E , Franchi , G G , Lisci , M and Nepi , M . 1997 . Pollen viability related to type of pollination in six angiosperm species . Ann Bot , 80 : 83 – 87 .
  • Pacini , E , Guarnieri , M and Nepi , M . 2006 . Pollen carbohydrates and water content during development, presentation and dispersal: A short review . Protoplasma , 228 : 73 – 77 .
  • Pacini , E and Hesse , M . 2005 . Pollenkitt: Its composition, form and function . Flora , 200 : 399 – 415 .
  • Pacini , E , Jacquard , C and Clément , C . 2011 . Pollen vacuoles and their significance . Planta , : 217 – 227 .
  • Pacini , E , Taylor , P E , Singh , M B and Knox , R B . 1992 . Development of plastids, including amyloplasts and starch granules, in pollen and tapetum of rye-grass, Lolium perenne . Ann Bot , 70 : 161 – 168 .
  • Pacini , E , Viegi , L and Franchi , G G . 2008 . Types, evolution and significance of plant-animal interactions . Rendiconti Lincei , 19 : 75 – 101 .
  • Piaggesi , A , Picciarelli , P , Lorenzi , R and Alpi , M . 1989 . Gibberellin embryo-suspensor of Phaseolus coccineus seed at the heart stage of embryo development . Plant Physiol , 91 : 362 – 366 .
  • Rhuven , S and Dudash , M R . 1996 . Consequences of the timing of seed release of Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae), a deciduous forest mirmecochore . Am J Bot , 83 : 633 – 640 .
  • Russell , S D . 1993 . The egg cell: Development and role in fertilization and early embryogenesis . Plant Cell , 5 : 1349 – 1359 .
  • Sangwan , R S and Sangvan-Noreel , B S . 1987 . Biochemical cytology of pollen embryogenesis . Int Rev Cytol , 107 : 221 – 272 .
  • Schrauwen , J AM , Derksen , J , Kruinam , B , Wittink , F and Wullems , G J . 1999 . “ The location of the pollen-specific NTP303 protein ” . In Anther and pollen: From biology to biotechnology , Edited by: Clément , C , Pacini , E and Audran , J-C . 113 – 118 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Shra , R KM and Sen , D N . 1984 . A new report on “vivipary” in Tephrosia purpurea Linn from Indian arid zone . Geobios New Rep , 3 : 94 – 95 .
  • Sreedhar , L , Wolkers , W F , Hoekstra , F A and Bewley , J D . 2002 . In vivo characterization of the effects of the abscisic acid and drying protocols associated with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos . Ann Bot , 89 : 391 – 400 .
  • Stephenson , A , Travers , S E , Mena-Ali , J I and Winsor , J A . 2003 . Pollen performance before and during the autotrophic-heterotrophic transition of pollen tube growth . Phil Trans R Soc London B , 358 : 1009 – 1018 .
  • Sunderland , N and Roberts , M . 1977 . New approach to pollen culture . Nature , 210 : 236 – 238 .
  • Takahata , Y , Brown , D CW , Keller , W A and Naizuma , N . 1993 . Dry artificial seeds desiccation tolerance induction in microspore derived embryos of broccoli . Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult , 35 : 121 – 129 .
  • Tetteroo , F , van Aelst , A C , von Recklinghausen , I R , Golovina , E A and Hoekstra , F A . 1998 . Membrane permeability, morphology and desiccation tolerance of Daucus carota somatic embryos as influenced by drying rate . Protoplasma , 202 : 202 – 212 .
  • Thomann , E B , Sollinger , J , White , C and Rivin , C J . 1992 . Accumulation of group 3 late embryogenesis abundant proteins in Zea mays embryos. Roles of abscisic acid and the Viviparous-1 gene product . Plant Physiol , 99 : 607 – 614 .
  • Thomas , T L . 1993 . Gene expression during plant embryogenesis and germination: An overview . Plant Cell , 5 : 1401 – 1410 .
  • Touraev , A , Indrianto , A , Wratschko , I , Vicente , O and Heberle-Bors , E . 1996a . Efficient microspore embyogenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) induced by starvation at high temperature . Sex Plant Reprod , 9 : 209 – 216 .
  • Touraev , A , Pfosser , M , Vicente , O and Heberle-Bors , E . 1996b . Stress as the major signal controlling the developmental fate of tobacco microspores: Towards a unified mode of induction of microspore/pollen embryogenesis . Planta , 200 : 144 – 152 .
  • Twell , D . 2002 . “ The developmental biology of pollen ” . In Plant reproduction , Edited by: O'Neil , S D and Roberts , A . 86 – 135 . Sheffield : Academic Press .
  • Twell , D , Oh , S-A and Honys , S D . 2006 . “ Pollen development, a genetical transcriptomic view ” . In Plant cell monograph: The pollen tube , Edited by: Malhó , R . 14 – 45 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Van Bergen , S , Kottenhagen , M J , van der Meulen , R M and Wang , M . 1999 . “ Effects of ABA during pretreatment of barley anthers on androgenesis of Hordeum vulgare L cultivars Igri and Digger ” . In Anther and pollen: From biology to biotechnology , Edited by: Clément , C , Pacini , E and Audran , J-C . 191 – 200 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • van der Pijl , L . 1972 . Principles of dispersal in higher plants , New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Vesprini , J L and Pacini , E . 2000 . Breeding systems in two species of the genus Helleborus (Ranunculaceae) . Plant Biosyst , 134 : 193 – 198 .
  • Volkov , R A , Panchuk , I T and Schöffl , F . 2005 . Small heat shock proteins are differentially regulated during pollen development and following heat stress in tobacco . Plant Mol Biol , 57 : 487 – 502 .
  • Wang , H-J , Huang , J-C and Jauh , G-Y . 2010 . Pollen germination and tube growth . Adv Bot Res , 54 : 1 – 52 .
  • Watt , L A . 1974 . The effect of water potential on the germination behaviour of several warm season grass species with special reference to cracking black clay soils . J Conserv New S Wales , 30 : 28 – 41 .
  • Weidner , S . 1983 . The formation of polyribosomes during the germination of grains of wheat of different ripeness . Acta Soc Bot Pol , 52 : 113 – 183 .
  • Weidner , S . 1987a . The effect of ABA and AMO-1618 on the pre-harvest sprouting of triticale caryopses . Acta Soc Bot Pol , 56 : 287 – 301 .
  • Weidner , S . 1987b . Precocious germination and its regulation in embryos of triticale caryopses . Act Soc Bot Pol , 56 : 469 – 483 .
  • Weidner , S and Wielgat , B . 1983 . Effect of grain ripeness on RNA synthesis during early germination of wheat seeds . Acta Physiol Plant , 5 : 199 – 209 .
  • Wheelwright , N T and Orians , G . 1982 . Seed dispersal by animals: Contrasts with pollen dispersal, problems of terminology and constraints on coevolution . Am Nat , 119 : 402 – 413 .
  • Willson , M F and Thompson , T J . 1982 . Phenology and ecology of colour in bird-dispersed fruits, or why some fruits are red when many are “green” . Can J Bot , 60 : 701 – 713 .
  • Willson , M F , Hoppes , W G , Goldman , D , Thomas , P A , Katusic-Malmborg , P L and Bothwell , J L . 1981 . Sibling competition in plants: An experimental study . Am Nat , 129 : 304 – 311 .
  • Zaki MA, Dickinson HG . 1995 . Modification of cell development in vitro: The effect of colchicines on anther and isolated microspore culture in Brassica napus . Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult , 40 : 225 – 270 .
  • Zhang , H-Q , Croes , A-F and Linskens , H-F . 1984 . Qualitative changes in protein synthesis in germinating pollen of Lilium longiflorum after a heat shock . Plant Cell Environ , 7 : 689 – 691 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.