Can management intensity be more important than environmental factors? A case study along an extreme elevation gradient from central Italian cereal fields

References

• AgnolettiM. 2007. The degradation of traditional landscape in a mountain area of Tuscany during the 19th and 20th centuries: Implications for biodiversity and sustainable management. Forest Ecol Manage. 249: 5–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AltieriMA. 1999. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 74: 19–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amici M, Spina R. 2002. Campo medio della precipitazione annuale e stagionale sulle Marche per il periodo 1950–2000, Regione Marche, Centro di Ecologia e Climatologia, Osservatorio Geofisico Sperimentale, Macerata, 126 pp..
   Google Scholar
• AndreasenC, StreibigJC. 1991. Soil properties affecting the distribution of 37 weed species in Danish fields. Weed Res. 31: 181–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anselmi S. 1975. La selva, il pascolo, l'allevamento nelle Marche dei secoli XIV e XV, Università di Urbino, Istituto di economia e statistica. Urbino, Aralia Editore.
   Google Scholar
• ArmengotL, Jose-MariaL, Blanco-MorenoJM, Romero-PuenteA, SansFX. 2011. Landscape and land-use effects on weed flora in Mediterranean cereal fields. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 142: 311–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarberiP, BurgioG, DinelliG, MoonenAC, OttoS, VazzanaC. 2010. Functional biodiversity in the agricultural landscape: Relationships between weeds and arthropod fauna. Weed Res. 50: 388–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BiondiE, BaldoniM. 1995. A possible method for geographic delimitation of phytoclimatic types: With application to the phytoclimate of the Marche region of Italy. Doc Phytosociol. 15: 15–28.
   Google Scholar
• BretzelF, PezzarossaB, BenvenutiS, BraviA, MalorgioF. 2009. Soil influence on the performance of 26 native herbaceous plants suitable for sustainable Mediterranean landscaping. Acta Oecol. 35: 657–663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrüttingC, WescheK, MeyerS, HensenI. 2012. Genetic diversity of six arable plants in relation to their Red List status. Biodivers Conserv. 21: 745–761.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurelF, BaudryJ, ButetA, ClergeauP, DelettreY, Le CoeurD. 1998. Comparative biodiversity along a gradient of agricultural landscapes. Acta Oecol. 19: 47–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CatorciA. 2007. Lineamenti storico economici del paesaggio pastorale maceratese. Braun-Blanquetia. 42: 39–45.
   Google Scholar
• CatorciA, GattiR. 2010. Floristic composition and spatial distribution assessment of montane mesophilous grasslands in the central Apennines, Italy: A multi-scale and diachronic approach. Plant Biosyst. 144: 793–804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChytrýM, TichýL, HoltJ, Botta-DukátZ. 2002. Determination of diagnostic species with statistical fidelity measures. J Veg Sci. 13: 79–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CimalováŠ, LososováZ. 2009. Arable weed vegetation of the northeastern part of the Czech Republic: Effects of environmental factors on species composition. Plant Ecol. 203: 45–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FriedG, NortonLR, ReboudX. 2008. Environmental and management factors determining weed species composition and diversity in France. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 128: 68–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GlemnitzM, RadicsL, HoffmannJ, CzimberG. 2006. Weed species richness and species composition of different arable field types – A comparative analysis along a climate gradient from south to north Europe. J Plant Dis Prot. 20: 577–586.
   Google Scholar
• HanzlikK, GerowittB. 2011. The importance of climate, site and management on weed vegetation in oilseed rape in Germany. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 141: 323–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HennekensSM, SchaminéeJHJ. 2001. TURBOVEG, a comprehensive database management system for vegetation data. J Veg Sci. 12: 589–591.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HofmeisterH. 1992. Ackerwildkrautschutz auf der Wernershöhe (Landkreis Hildesheim, Nordwest-Deutschland). Tuexenia. 12: 285–298.
   Google Scholar
• HolznerW. 1978. Weed species and weed communities. Vegetatio. 38: 13–20.
   Google Scholar
• HüginG. 1999. Was sind Wärmezeiger? Untersuchungen zum Wärmebedürfnis von Ruderal- und Segetalpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia. 19: 425–445.
   Google Scholar
• HyvönenT, SalonenJ. 2005. Biomass production of weeds in low input and conventional cropping of cereals. Biol Agric Hortic. 23: 161–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• José-MaríaL, ArmengotL, Blanco-MorenoJM, BassaM, SansFX. 2010. Effects of agricultural intensification on plant diversity in Mediterranean dryland cereal fields. J Appl Ecol. 47: 832–840.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• José-MaríaL, Blanco-MorenoJM, ArmengotL, SansFX. 2011. How does agricultural intensification modulate changes in plant community composition?. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 145: 77–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KikvidzeZ, MichaletR, BrookerRW, CavieresLA, LortieCJ, PugnaireFI. 2011. Climatic drivers of plant–plant interactions and diversity in alpine communities. Alp Bot. 121: 63–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KleijnD, KohlerF, BáldiA, BatáryP, ConcepciónED, CloughY. 2009. On the relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe. Proc R Soc Lond B: Biol Sci. 276: 903–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovács-HostyánszkiA, BatáryP, BáldiA, HarnosA. 2011. Interaction of local and landscape features in the conservation of Hungarian arable weed diversity. Appl Veg Sci. 14: 40–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LegendreP, GallagherEG. 2001. Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data. Oecologia. 129: 271–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LososováZ, ChytrýM, CimalováŠ, KropáčZ, OtýpkováZ, PyšekP. 2004. Weed vegetation of arable land in Central Europe: Gradients of diversity and species composition. J Veg Sci. 15: 415–422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LososováZ, CimalováŠ. 2009. Effects of different cultivation types on native and alien weed species richness and diversity in Moravia (Czech Republic). Basic Appl Ecol. 10: 456–465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MariniL, KlimekS, BattistiA. 2011. Mitigating the impacts of the decline of traditional farming on mountain landscapes and biodiversity: A case study in the European Alps. Environ Sci Policy. 14: 258–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarshallEJP, BrownVK, BoatmanND, LutmanPJW, SquireGR, WardLK. 2003. The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields. Weed Res. 43: 77–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OksanenJ, BlanchetFG, KindtR, LegendreP, O'HaraRG, SimpsonGL. 2010. R package version 1.17–2. Available: http://www.CRAN.R-project.org/package = vegan.
   Google Scholar
• PedrottiF. 1978. Einige Bemerkungen über die Entwicklung der Vegetation im Naturreservat von Torricchio. Phytocoenosis. 7: 11–19.
   Google Scholar
• PinkeG. 2004. Letzte Vorkommen von Caucalion-Arten im Nordwestern Ungarns. Z Pflanzenk Pflanzen. 19: 73–82.
   Google Scholar
• PinkeG, KarácsonyP, CzúczB, Botta-DukátZ, LengyelA. 2012. The influence of environment, management and site context on species composition of summer arable weed vegetation in Hungary. Appl Veg Sci. 15: 136–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PinkeG, KirályG, BarinaZ, MesterházyA, BaloghL, CsikyJ. 2011a. Assessment of endangered synanthropic plants of Hungary with special attention to arable weeds. Plant Biosyst. 145: 426–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PinkeG, PálR, Botta-DukátZ. 2010. Effects of environmental factors on weed species composition of cereal and stubble fields in western Hungary. Cent Eur J Biol. 5: 283–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PinkeG, PálR, Botta-DukátZ, ChytrýM. 2009. Weed vegetation and its conservation value in three management systems of Hungarian winter cereals on base-rich soils. Weed Res. 49: 544–551.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PinkeG, PálR, TóthK, KarácsonyP, CzúczB, Botta-DukátZ. 2011b. Weed vegetation of poppy (Papaver somniferum) fields in Hungary: Effects of management and environmental factors on species composition. Weed Res. 51: 621–630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PodaniJ. 1994. Multivariate data analysis in ecology and systematics. The Hague: SPB Publishing. 316 pp.
   Google Scholar
• PyšekP. 1993. Factors affecting the diversity of flora and vegetation in Central European settlements. Vegetatio. 106: 89–100.
   Google Scholar
• PyšekP, JarošikV, KropáčZ, ChytrýM, WildJ, TichýL. 2005. Effects of abiotic factors on species richness and cover in Central European weed communities. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 109: 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Development Core Team. 2010. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. ISBN 3-900051-07-0. Available: http://www.R-project.org.
   Google Scholar
• RippaD, MaselliV, SoppelsaO, FulgioneD. 2011. The impact of agro-pastoral abandonment on the Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca in the Apennines. Ibis. 153: 721–734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ŠilcU, VrbničaninS, BožićD, ČarniA, Dajić StevanovićZ. 2009. Weed vegetation in the northwestern Balkans: Diversity and species composition. Weed Res. 49: 602–612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SiniscalcoC, BarniE, BacaroG. 2011. Non-native species distribution along the elevation gradient in the western Italian Alps. Plant Biosyst. 145: 150–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spina R, Stortini S, Fusari R, Scuterini C, Di Marino m. 2007. Caratterizzazione climatologica delle Marche: Campo medio della temperatura per il periodo 1950–2000, Regione Marche, Centro di Ecologia e Climatologia, Osservatorio Geofisico Sperimentale, Macerata, 56 pp..
   Google Scholar
• StoateC, BáldiA, BejaP, BoatmanND, HerzonI, van DoornA. 2009. Ecological impacts of early 21st century agricultural change in Europe – A review. J Environ Manage. 91: 22–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StorkeyJ, MeyerS, LeuschnerC, StillKS. 2012. The impact of agricultural intensification and land use change on the European arable flora. Proc R Soc B. 279: 1421–1429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzart de AlbuquerqueF, Castro-DíezP, RodríguezMÁ, CayuelaL. 2010. Assessing the influence of environmental and human factors on native and exotic species richness. Acta Oecol. 30: 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• TarmiS, HeleniusJ, HyvönenT. 2009. Importance of edaphic, spatial and management factors for plant communities of field boundaries. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 131: 201–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TichýL, ChytrýM. 2006. Statistical determination of diagnostic species for site groups of unequal size. J Veg Sci. 17: 809–818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TscharntkeT, KleinAM, KruessA, Steffan-DewenterI, ThiesC. 2005. Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity – Ecosystem service management. Ecol Lett. 8: 857–874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flora Europaea2nd ed.. 1993. TutinTG, HeywoodVH, BurgesNA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vol. 1: 629 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Flora Europaea. 1964–1980. TutinTG, HeywoodVH, BurgesNA, ValentineDH, WaltersSM, WebbDA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vol. 1–5: .
   Google Scholar