The features and qualities of online training modules in research ethics: a case study evaluating their institutional application for the University of Botswana

References

• Aggarwal, R., Kass, N., Taylor, H., Ali, J., Bhan, A., & McGready, J. (2011). A comparison of online vs on-site training in health research methodology: A randomized study. BMC Medical Education, 11, 1–10. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-11-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajuwon, A., & Kass, N. (2008). Outcome of a research ethics training workshop among clinicians and scientists in a Nigerian university. BMC Medical Ethics, 9, 1. doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-9-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ali, J., Hyder, A., & Kass, N. (2012). Research ethics capacity development in Africa; exploring a model for individual success. Developing World Bioethics, 12(2), 55–62. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8847.2012.00331.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, J., Kass, N., Sewankambo, N., White, D., & Hyder, A. (2014). Evaluating international research ethics capacity development: An empirical approach. Journal of Empirical Research. on Human Research Ethics, 9(2), 41–45. doi: 10.1525/jer.2014.9.2.41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, E., & Seaman, J. (2011). Going distance: Online education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group & Quahon Research Group.
   Google Scholar
• Ateudjieu, J., Williams, J., Hirtle, M., Baume, C., Ikingura, J., Niaré, A., & Sprumont, D. (2010). Training needs assessment in research ethics evaluation among research ethics committee members in three African countries: Cameroon, Mali and Tanzania. Developing World Bioethics, 10(2), 88–98. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8847.2009.00266.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barchi, F. H., Kasimatis-Singleton, M., Kasule, M., Khulumani, P., & Merz, J. F. (2013). Building research capacity in Botswana: A randomized trial comparing training methodologies in the Botswana ethics training initiative. BMC Medical Education, 13, 1–7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-13-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barchi, F. H., Matlagela, K., Jones, N., Kebaabetswe, P., & Merz, J. (2015). The keeping is a problem. A qualitative study of IRB member perspective in Botswana on the collection, use and storage of human biological samples for research. Medical Ethics, 16, 64.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Caravias, V. (2014). Teachers’ conceptions and approaches to blended learning: A literature review. In The Third International Conference on E-Learning and E-Technology in Education. Victoria: The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communication, 61–75.
   Google Scholar
• Coetzee, T., Hoffmann, A., & de Roubaix, M. (2015). An evaluation of research ethics in undergraduate health science research methodology programs at a South African University. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 10(4), 398–394. doi: 10.1177/1556264615599619
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran, V., Fleet, L., & Kirby, F. (2010). A comparative evaluation of the effect of internet-based CME delivery format on satisfaction, knowledge and confidence. BMC Medical Education. Retrieved from http://biomedicalcentral.com/1472-6920/10/10.
   Google Scholar
• FABTP. (2016). Fogarty African bio-ethics training program. Retrieved from http://www//bioethicsinstitute.org/education-training-2/fogarty-african-bioethic
   Google Scholar
• Gedera, D. S. (2014). Students’ experiences of learning in a virtual classroom. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 10(4), 93–101.
   Google Scholar
• Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Qualitative data Analyis (2nd ed.). Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hyder, A., Harrison, R., Kass, N., & Maman, S. (2007). A case study of research capacity development in Africa. Academic Medicine, 82(7), 675–683. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3180674484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyder, A., Zafar, W., Ali, J., Ssekubugu, R., Ndebele, P., & Kass, N. (2013). Evaluating Institutional capacity for research ethics: A case study from Botswana. BMC Medical Ethics, 14(1), 31. doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-14-31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalichman, M. (2005). Use and abuse of the internet for teaching research ethics: Commentary of “misconceptions and realities about teaching online”. Science and Engineering Ethics, 11(3), 341–345. doi: 10.1007/s11948-005-0003-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass, N., Ali, J., Hallez, K., & Hyder, A. (2016). Bioethics training programs for Africa: Evaluating professional and bioethics-related achievements of African trainees after a decade of Forgarty NIH investment. BMJ Open, 6, e012758. doi:10.1136/bmjpen-2016-012758 doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass, N., & Hyder, A. A. (2015). Johns Hopkins Fogarty African bioethics training program. Retrieved from http://www//grantome.com/grant/NHI/R25-TW001604-16
   Google Scholar
• Kass, N. E., Hyder, A. A., Ajuwon, A., Appiah-Poku, J., Barsdorf, N., Elsayed, D. E. … Tindana, P. (2007). The structure and functions of research ethics committees in Africa. Plos Medicine, 4(1), e3. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loue, S. (2014). The impact of research ethics training program: Romania as a case study. Journal of Empirical Research. on Human Research Ethics, 9(5), 46–55. doi: 10.1177/1556264614552396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrinan, H., Firth, S., Hipgrave, D., & Jimenez-Soto, E. (2015). Let’s take it to the clouds: The potential of educational innovations, including blended learning for capacity building in developing countries. International Journal of Health Policy and Managemenet, 4(9), 571–573. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2015.121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matar, A., Garner, S., Millum, J., Sina, B., & Silverman, H. (2014). Curriculum aspects of the Fogarty Bioethics International training program. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 9(2), 12–23. doi: 10.1525/jer.2014.9.2.12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millum, J., Grady, C., Keusch, G., & Sina, B. (2013). Introduction: The Fogarty international research ethics education and curriculum development program in historical context. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 8(5), 3–16. doi: 10.1525/jer.2013.8.5.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millum, J., Sina, B., & Glass, R. (2015). International research ethics. JAMA 313(5). Retrieved from http://jama.jamanetwork.com
   Google Scholar
• Muller, H., Swanepoel, E., & De Beer, A. (2010). Success profiling: A methodological perspective on the interactive nature of success predictors on student performance at an open and distance learning institution. Perspectives on Education, 28(2), 63–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mzayek, F., & Resnik, D. (2010). International biomedical research and research ethics training in developing countries. Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics, 1(103), doi: 10.4172/2155-9627.1000103
   Google Scholar
• Ndebele, P., Wassenaar, D., Benatar, S., Fleischer, T., Kruger, M., & Adebamowo, C. (2014). Research ethics capacity building in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of NIH Fogarty funded programs 2000-2012. Journal of Empirical Research. on Human Research Ethics, 9, 24–40. doi: 10.1525/jer.2014.9.2.24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of Research and Development. (2018). University of Botswana, Gaborone.
   Google Scholar
• Ogunrin, O. A., Ogundiran, T. O., & Adebamowo, C. (2013). Developing and pilot testing of online module for ethics education based on the Nigerian national code for health research ethics. BMC Medical Ethics, 14, 1–17. doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-14-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oukem-Boyer, O. O., & Bukusi, E. A. (2015). Educational resources for research ethics. In Research ethics in Africa: A resource for research ethics committees (pp. 163–174). Stellenbosch: Sun PRESS.
   Google Scholar
• Pearson, C. R., Parker, M., Fisher, C. B., & Moreno, C. (2014). Capacity building from the inside out: Development and evaluation of a CITI ethics certification training module for American Indian and Alaska Native community researchers. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 9, 46–57. doi: 10.1525/jer.2014.9.1.46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ralefala, D., Ali, J., Kass, N., & Hyder, A. A. (2016). A case study of research knowledge and opinions about ethical review of research in Botswana. Research Ethics. doi:10.1177/174016116677250 rea.sagepub.com
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverman, H., Strosberg, M., Luna, F., Philpott, S., & Hemmerle, C. A. (2013). An analysis of online courses in research ethics in the Fogarty-sponsored bioethics training programs. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 8(5), 59–74. doi: 10.1525/jer.2013.8.5.59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SREB. (2006). Checklist for evaluating online courses. Retrieved from http://www//sreb.org
   Google Scholar
• Stacey, E., & Wiesenberg, F. (2007). A study of face to face and online teaching philosophies in Canada and Australia. Journal of Distance Education, 22(1), 19–40.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Botswana. (2015). Tertiary education at a glance. Human Resource Development Council, Gaborone.
   Google Scholar
• University of Botswana. (2008). UB Research Strategy Gaborone.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, J. R., Sprumont, D., Hirtle, M., Adebamowo, C., Braunschweiger, P., Bull, S, … Tenorio, S. (2014). Consensus standards for introductory e-learning courses in human participants research ethics. Journal of Medical Ethics, 40(6), 426–428. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2013-101572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar