Chemically-mediated predator-recognition learning in a marine gastropod

Literature cited

• Ansell, A. D., 1969. Defensive adaptations to predation in the Mollusca. Proceedings of the Symposium of the Marine Biological Association of India, Series 3: 487–512.
   Google Scholar
• Appleton, R. D. & A. R. Palmer, 1988. Water-borne stimuli released by predatory crabs and damaged prey induce more predator-resistant shells in a marine gastropod. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A., 85: 4387–4391.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, D. F. & M. S. Laverack, 1963. Central nervous responses to chemical stimulation of a gastropod osphradium. Nature, 200: 1122–1123.
   Google Scholar
• Bellman, K. L. & F. B. Krasne, 1983. Adaptive complexity of interactions between feeding and escape in crayfish. Science, 221: 779–781.
   Google Scholar
• Brönmark, C. & J. G. Miner, 1992. Predator-induced phenotypical change in body morphology in crucian carp. Science, 258: 1348–1350.
   Google Scholar
• Caddy, J. F., R. A. Chandler & D. G. Wilder, 1974. Biology and commercial potential of several underexploited molluscs and crustaceans on the Atlantic coast of Canada. Federal-Provincial Fisheries Committee Meeting on Utilization of Atlantic Resources, Biological station, St. Andrews, New Brunswick.
   Google Scholar
• Chivers, D. P. & R. J. F. Smith, 1994a. The role of experience and chemical alarm signaling in predator recognition by fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. Journal of Fish Biology, 44: 273–285.
   Google Scholar
• Chivers, D. P. & R. J. F. Smith, 1994b. Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, acquire predator recognition when alarm substance is associated with the sight of unfamiliar fish. Animal Behaviour, 48: 597–605.
   Google Scholar
• Copeland, M., 1918. The olfactory reactions and organs of the marine snails Alectrion obsoleta (Say) and Busycon canaliculatum (Linn.). Journal of Experimental Zoology, 25: 177- 227.
   Google Scholar
• Craig, C. L., 1994. Limits to learning: Effects of predator pattern and colour on perception and avoidance-learning by prey. Animal Behaviour, 47: 1087–1099.
   Google Scholar
• Croll, R. P., 1983. Gastropod chemoreception. Biological Review, 58: 293–319.
   Google Scholar
• Crowl, T. A. & A. P. Covich, 1990. Predator-induced life-history shifts in a freshwater snail. Science, 247: 949–951.
   Google Scholar
• Csányi, Y., 1985. Ethological analysis of predator avoidance by the paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis L.) I. Recognition and learning of predators. Behaviour, 92: 227–240.
   Google Scholar
• Day, R. W. & G. P. Quinn, 1989. Comparisons of treatments after an analysis of variance in ecology. Ecological Monographs, 59: 433–463.
   Google Scholar
• Edmunds, M., 1974. Defense in Animals. Longman, New York. Endler, J. A., 1986. Defense against predators. Pages 109-134 in M. E. Feder & G. V. Lauder (ed.). Predator-Prey Relationships: Perspectives and Approaches from the Study of Lower Vertebrates. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Feder, H. M., 1967. Organisms responsive to predatory sea stars. Sarsia, 29: 371–394.
   Google Scholar
• Feder, H. M., 1972. Escape responses in marine invertebrates. Scientific American, 227: 92–100.
   Google Scholar
• Feder, H. M. & J. Arvidson, 1967. Studies on a sea-star (Marthasterias glacialis) extract responsible for avoidance reactions in a gastropod (Buccinum undatum). Arkiv För Zoologi, 19: 369–379.
   Google Scholar
• Hadlock, R. P., 1980. Alarm response of the intertidal snail Littorina littorea (L.) to predation by the crab Carcinus maenas (L.). Biological Bulletin, 159: 269–279.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, M. O. & S. P. Foster, 1996. Behavior and integration. Pages 3-46 in R. T. Cardé & W. J. Bell (ed. ). Chemical Ecology of Insects 2. Chapman & Hall, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, C., F.-X. Garneau & J. H. Himmelman, 1987. Chemodetection of the predatory seastar Leptasterias polaris by the whelk Buccinum undatum. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 40: 79–86.
   Google Scholar
• Havel, J. E., 1987. Predator-induced defenses: A review. Pages 263-278 in W. C. Kerfoot & A. Sih (ed.). Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities. University Press of New England, London.
   Google Scholar
• Himmelman, J. H., 1988. Movement of whelks (Buccinum undatum) towards a baited trap. Marine Biology, 97: 521–531.
   Google Scholar
• Himmelman, J. H. & J.-R. Hamel, 1993. Diet, behaviour and reproduction of the whelk Buccinum undatum in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada. Marine Biology, 116: 423–430.
   Google Scholar
• Justome, B., R. Rochette & J. H. Himmelman, 1998. Investigation of the influence of exposure to predation risk on the development of defensive behaviours in a marine gastropod. The Veliger, 41: 172–179.
   Google Scholar
• Kats, L. B. & L. M. Dill, 1998. The scent of death: Chemosensory assessment of predation risk by prey animals. Écoscience, 5: 361–394.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn, A. J., 1961. Chemoreception in gastropod molluscs. American Zoologist, 1: 291–308.
   Google Scholar
• Krasne, F. B. & D. L. Glanzman, 1995. What we can learn from invertebrate learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 46: 585–624.
   Google Scholar
• Kusch, J., 1993. Behavioural and morphological changes in ciliates induced by the predator Amoeba proteus. Oecologia, 96: 354–359.
   Google Scholar
• Lapointe, V. & B. Sainte-Marie, 1992. Currents, predators, and the aggregation of the gastropod Buccinum undatum around bait. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 85: 245–257.
   Google Scholar
• Lima, S. L. & L. M. Dill, 1990. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: A review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68: 619–640.
   Google Scholar
• Mackie, A. M., R. Lasker & P. T. Grant, 1968. Avoidance reactions of a mollusc Buccinum undatum to saponin-like surfaceactive substances in extracts of the starfish Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 26: 415–428.
   Google Scholar
• Magnhagen, C., 1991. Predation risk as a cost of reproduction. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 6: 183–186.
   Google Scholar
• Magurran, A. E., 1989. Acquired recognition of predator odour in the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). Ethology, 82: 216–223.
   Google Scholar
• Magurran, A. E., 1990. The inheritance and development of minnow anti-predator behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 39: 834–842.
   Google Scholar
• Maloney, R. F. & I. G. McLean, 1995. Historical and experimental learned predator recognition in free-living New Zealand robins. Animal Behaviour, 50: 1193–1201.
   Google Scholar
• Martel, A., D. H. Larivée, K. R. Klein & J. H. Himmelman, 1986. Reproductive cycle and seasonal feeding activity of the neogastropod Buccinum undatum. Marine Biology, 92: 211–221.
   Google Scholar
• Neill, W. E., 1990. Induced vertical migration in copepods as a defence against invertebrate predation. Nature, 345: 524–526.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, C., 1975. Observations on Buccinum undatum L. attacking bivalves and on prey responses, with a short review on attack methods of other prosobranchs. Ophelia, 13: 87–108.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, A. R., 1990. Effect of crab effluent and scent of damaged conspecifics on feeding, growth, and shell morphology of the Atlantic dogwhelk Nucella lapillus (L.). Hydrobiologia, 193: 155–182.
   Google Scholar
• Reimer, O. & M. Tedengren, 1996. Phenotypical improvement of morphological defences in the mussel Mytilus edulis induced by exposure to the predator Asterias rubens. Oikos, 74: 383–390.
   Google Scholar
• Rochette, R. & J. H. Himmelman, 1996. Does vulnerability influence trade-offs made by whelks between predation risk and feeding opportunities? Animal Behaviour, 52: 783–794.
   Google Scholar
• Rochette, R., S. Morissette & J. H. Himmelman, 1995. A flexible response to a major predator provides the whelk Buccinum undatum L. with nutritional gains. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 185: 167–180.
   Google Scholar
• Rochette, R., J. N. McNeil & J. H. Himmelman, 1996. Inter and intra-population variations in the response of the whelk, Buccinum undatum L., to the predatory asteroid Leptasterias polaris (Müller & Troshel). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 142: 193–201.
   Google Scholar
• Rochette, R., L. M. Dill & J. H. Himmelman, 1997. A field test of threat sensitivity in a marine gastropod. Animal Behaviour, 54: 1053–1062.
   Google Scholar
• Semlitsch, R. D. & H.-U. Reyer, 1992. Modification of anti-predator behaviour in tadpoles by environmental conditioning. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61: 353–360.
   Google Scholar
• Seyfarth, R. M., D. L. Cheney & P. Marler, 1980. Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: Evidence of predator classification and semantic communication. Science, 210: 801–803.
   Google Scholar
• Sih, A., 1987. Predators and prey lifestyles: An evolutionary and ecological overview. Pages 203-224 in W. C. Kerfoot & A. Sih (ed.). Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities. University Press of New England, London.
   Google Scholar
• Stoddart, D. M., 1980. The Ecology of Vertebrate Olfaction. Chapman and Hall, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Suboski, M. D., 1990. Releaser-induced recognition learning. Psychological Review, 97: 271–284.
   Google Scholar
• Suboski, M. D., 1992. Releaser-induced recognition learning by gastropods molluscs. Behavioural Processes, 27: 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. D., 1978. The diet of Buccinum undatum and Neptunea antiqua (Gastropoda: Buccinidae). Journal of Conchology, 3: 309–318.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, A. M., 1996. Freshwater snails alter habitat use in response to predation. Animal Behaviour, 51: 747–756.
   Google Scholar
• Wisenden, B. D., D. P. Chivers & R. J. F. Smith, 1997. Learned recognition of predation risk by Enallagma damselfly larvae (Odonata, Zygoptera) on the basis of chemical cues. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23: 137–151.
   Google Scholar
• Zar, J. H., 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
   Google Scholar