Spatial heterogeneity of wind-eroded soil particles around Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the Ulan Buh Desert

References

• Abd El-Wahab RH, Al-Rashed AR. 2010. Vegetation and soil conditions of phytogenic mounds in Subiya area Northeast of Kuwait. Catrina. 5(1):87–95.
   Google Scholar
• Aguiar MR, Sala OE. 1999. Patch structure, dynamics and implications for the functioning of arid ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol. 14:273–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad M, Muhammad D, Mussarat M. 2017. Appraisal for site specific plant nutrient management through spatial variability and mapping in hilly areas of northern Pakistan. J Soil Sediment. 17(4):936–948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Awadhi JM, Al-Dousari AM. 2013. Morphological characteristics and development of coastal nabkhas, north-east Kuwait. Int J Earth Sci. 102(3):949–958.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aquino DAB, Blank AF, Santana LC. 2015. Impact of edible chitosan-cassava starch coatings enriched with Lippia gracilis Schauer genotype mixtures on the shelf life of guavas (Psidium guajava L.) during storage at room temperature. Food Chem. 171:108–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostan PA, Heuvelink GBM, Akyurek SZ. 2012. Comparison of regression and kriging techniques for mapping the average annual precipitation of Turkey. Int J Appl Earth Obs. 19:115–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley R. 1987. The effect of sparse vegetation on the transport of dune sand by wind. Nature. 325(6103):426–428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burri K, Gromke C, Lehning M. 2012. Aeolian sediment transport over vegetation canopies: a wind tunnel study with live plants. Aeolian Res. 3(2):205–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabala LM, Mulolwa A, Lungu O. 2017. Application of ordinary Kriging in mapping soil organic carbon in Zambia. Pedosphere. 27(2):338–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavez PS, Mackinnon DJ, Reynolds RL, Velasco MG. 2002. Use of satellite and ground-based images to monitor dust storms and map landscape vulnerability to wind erosion. In Proceedings of the ICAR5/GCTE-SEN joint conference, International Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands Studies. Lubbock (TX): Texas Tech University.
   Google Scholar
• Chepil WS. 1953. Factors that influence clod structure and erodibility of soil by wind II. Water-stable structure. Soil Sci. 76(5):389–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelis WM, Gabriels D. 2004. A simple model for the prediction of the deflation threshold shear velocity of dry loose particles. Sedimentology. 51(1):39–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding Y, Wang J, Hu S, Gao Y, Sun X, Liu B, Yang D, Shen G. 2019. Evaluation of the effect of sand prevention on the establishment of the sand-protection forest system of the Jilantai Salt Lake. Chin Desert. 5:1–9. in Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Du JH, Yan P, Ding LG. 2009. Soil physical and chemical properties of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas at different developmental stages in the Minqin Oasis. J Desert Res. 29(2):248–253. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Dunkerley D. 2000. Hydrologic effects of dryland shrubs: defining the spatial extent of modified soil water uptake rates at an Australian desert site. J Arid Environ. 45(2):159–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bana MI, Nijs I, Kockelbergh F. 2002. Microenvironmental and vegetational heterogeneity induced by phytogenic nebkhas in an arid coastal ecosystem. Plant Soil. 247(2):283–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank TD. 1984. The effect of change in vegetation cover and erosion patterns on albedo and texture of Landsat images in a semiarid environment. Ann Am Assoc Geogr. 74(3):393–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J. 2011. Study on digital image representations and spatial heterogeneity of soil particles in wind erosion. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Gao J, Gao Y, Wu B, Luo F, Tang X, Meng Z, Liang A. 2019. Study on the spatial variation of Gobi surface soil particles. Soil. 51(1):135–141. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Gao Y, Qiu GY, Shimizu H. 2002. A 10-year study on techniques for vegetation restoration in a desertified salt lake area. J Arid Environ. 52(4):483–497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner W, Steinberger Y. 1989. A proposed mechanism for the formation of fertile islands in the desert ecosystem. J Arid Environ. 16(3):257–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillies JA, Nield JM, Nickling WG. 2014. Wind speed and sediment transport recovery in the lee of a vegetated and denuded nebkha within a nebkha dune field. Aeolian Res. 12(12):135–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesp P. 2002. Foredunes and blowouts: initiation, geomorphology and dynamics. Geomorphology. 48(1–3):245–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesp PA, Smyth TAG. 2017. Nebkha flow dynamics and shadow dune formation. Geomorphology. 282:27–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong M, Bao YL, Bao YH. 2014. Assessing wind erosion potential of Wengniute County. Inf Technol Risk Anal Crisis Response. 102:864–868.
   Google Scholar
• Hu GL, Zhao WZ, Wang G. 2011. Review of spatial pattern and sand-binding effect of patch vegetation in arid desert areas. Acta Ecol Sinica. 24:7609–7616. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Jia BQ, Ci LJ, Cai TJ. 2002. Preliminary research on changing soil water characteristics at the ecotone between oasis and desert. Acta Phytoecol Sinica. 26(2):203–208. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Jia LN. 2010. Contrasting research on wind prevention and sand resistance effect of different shrub coppices [MSc thesis]. Beijing Forestry University. (in Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Kidron GJ, Zohar M. 2016. Factors controlling the formation of coppice dunes (nebkhas) in the Negev Desert. Earth Surf Proc Land. 41(7):918–927.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King J, Nickling WG, Gillies JA. 2006. Aeolian shear stress ratio measurements within mesquite-dominated landscapes of the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA. Geomorphology. 82(3–4):229–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kok JF, Parteli EJ, Michaels TI. 2012. The physics of wind-blown sand and dust. Rep Prog Phys. 75(10):106901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koster EA. 2010. Ancient and modern cold-climate aeolian sand deposition: a review. J Quat Sci. 3(1):69–83.
   Google Scholar
• Lang L, Wang X, Hasi E, Hua T. 2013. Nebkha (coppice dune) formation and significance to environmental change reconstructions in arid and semiarid areas. J Geogr Sci. 23(2):344–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langford RP. 2000. Nabkha (coppice dune) fields of south-central New Mexico, U.S.A. J Arid Environ. 46(1):25–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Okin GS, Alvarez L, Epstein H. 2007. Quantitative effects of vegetation cover on wind erosion and soil nutrient loss in a desert grassland of southern New Mexico, USA. Biogeochemistry. 85(3):317–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Okin GS, Epstein HE. 2015. Effects of enhanced wind erosion on surface soil texture and characteristics of windblown sediments. J Geophys Res-Biogeo. 114(G2):157–163.
   Google Scholar
• Li J, Okin GS, Herrick JE. 2013. Evaluation of a new model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation. J Geophys Res-Atmos. 118(1):288–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu JW, Li ZZ, Wu SL. 2009. Spatial heterogeneity of morphologic feature of Nitraria nebkhas around Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang. J Desert Res. 29(4):628–635. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Liu MX, Wang JA, Yan P. 2006. Wind tunnel simulation of ridge-tillage effects on soil erosion from cropland. Soil Tillage Res. 90(2):242–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez MV, Gracia R, Arrue JL. 2000. Effects of reduced tillage on soil surface properties affecting wind erosion in semiarid fallow lands of Central Aragon. Eur J Agron. 12(3):191–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo W, Zhao W, Bing L. 2016. Growth stages affect species richness and vegetation patterns of nebkhas in the desert steppes of China. Catena. 137:126–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayaud JR, Wiggs GFS, Bailey RM. 2016. Characterizing turbulent wind flow around dryland vegetation. Earth Surf Proc Land. 41(10):1421–1436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng Z, Wang M, Wang H, Gao Y, Wang J, Ren X. 2016. Spatial heterogeneity of wind-eroded surface particles based on digital imaging technology. Arid Area Res. 33(6):1270–1277. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Nishimori H, Tanaka H. 2001. A simple model for the formation of vegetated dunes. Earth Surf Proc Land. 26(10):1143–1150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okin GS. 2013. Linked aeolian-vegetation systems. In: Shroder JF, editor. Treatise on geomorphology. San Diego: Academic Press; p. 428–439.
   Google Scholar
• Okin GS, Gillette DA, Herrick JE. 2006. Multi-scale controls on and consequences of aeolian processes in landscape change in arid and semi-arid environments. J Arid Environ. 65(2):253–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ping L, Zhibao D. 2012. Study of the windbreak effect of shrubs as a function of shrub cover and height. Environ Earth Sci. 66(7):1791–1795.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi YC, Dong YS, Zhao J. 2010. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and respiration in the desertified grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. Pedosphere. 20(5):655–665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quets JJ, El-Bana MI, Al-Rowaily SL. 2016. A mechanism of self‐organization in a desert with phytogenic mounds. Ecosphere. 7(11):1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi BE, Villagra PE. 2003. Effects of Prosopis flexuosa on soil properties and the spatial pattern of understorey species in arid Argentina. J Veg Sci. 14(4):543–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifert CL, Cox RT, Forman SL, Fotic TL, Wasklewiczd TA, Colgan ATM. 2009. Relict nebkhas (pimple mounds) record prolonged late Holocene drought in the forested region of south-central United States. Quat Res. 71(3):329–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafford SDM, Pickup G. 1990. Pattern and production in arid lands. Proc Ecol Soc Australia. 16:195–200.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas AD, Dougill AJ. 2001. Processes of nebkha dune formation and wind-blown nutrient deposition in the Molopo basin, Southern Africa. In: Ascough JC II, Flanagan DC, editors. Soil erosion research for the 21st century, Proc. Int. Symp. St-Joseph (MI): ASAE; p. 490–493.
   Google Scholar
• Titus JH, Nowak RS, Smith SD. 2002. Soil resource heterogeneity in the Mojave Desert. J Arid Environ. 52(3):269–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasu D, Singh SK, Sahu N. 2017. Assessment of spatial variability of soil properties using geospatial techniques for farm level nutrient management. Soil Tillage Res. 169:25–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HL. 2013. Study on the characteristics of wind erosion surface particles based on digital image processing. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. . (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Wang HL, Gao JL, Yuan WJ. 2013. Spatially heterogeneous characteristics of surface soil particles around nebkhas in the Gobi Desert. Chin J Plant Ecol. 37(5):464–473. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Wasson RJ, Nanninga PM. 2010. Estimating wind transport of sand on vegetated surfaces. Earth Surf Proc Land. 11(5):505–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wezel A, Rajot JL, Herbrig C. 2000. Influence of shrubs on soil characteristics and their function in Sahelian agro-ecosystems in semi-arid Niger. J Arid Environ. 44(4):383–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson GR, Gregory JM. 1992. Soil erodibility: understanding and prediction. Am Soc Agric Eng Meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe SA, Nickling WG. 1993. The protective role of sparse vegetation in wind erosion. Prog Phys Geogr. 17(1):50–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Q, Chen Y, Zhang L. 2012. Study on structures and benefits of windbreak and sand-fixation forests of sand region in Yulin. Adv Mat Res. 524:2078–2082.
   Google Scholar
• Yan YC, Tang HP, Zhang XS. 2010. A probe into grassland wind erosion based on the analysis of soil particle size. J Desert Res. 30(6):1263–1268.
   Google Scholar
• Yan YC, Xin XP, Xu XL. 2013. Quantitative effects of wind erosion on the soil texture and soil nutrients under different vegetation coverage in a semiarid steppe of northern China. Plant Soil. 369(1–2):585–598.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang GH, Bao AM, Chen X. 2010. Wind erosion hazard assessment in Xinjiang based on RBFN model. J Desert Res. 30(5):1137–1145. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Yang TT, Yao GZ, Wang MC. 2008. Study on the wind-sand defending effect of natural shrubs in Ulan Buh desert. J Arid Land Res Environ. 22(1):194–197. (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Youssef F, Visser SM, Karssenberg D, Erpul G, Cornelis WM, Gabriels D, Poortinga A. 2012. The effect of vegetation patterns on wind-blown mass transport at the regional scale: a wind tunnel experiment. Geomorphology. 159(2):178–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaady E, Groffman PM, Shachak M. 1996. Litter as a regulator of N and C dynamics in macrophytic patches in Negev desert soils. Soil Biol Biochem. 28(1):39–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamani S, Mahmoodabadi M. 2013. Effect of particle-size distribution on wind erosion rate and soil erodibility. Arch Acker Pfl Boden. 59(12):1743–1753.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang TH, Su YZ, Cui JY. 2006. A leguminous shrub (Caragana microphylla) in semiarid sandy soils of north China. Pedosphere. 16(3):319–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao HL, Li J, Liu RT. 2006. Effects of desertification on soil and crop growth properties in Horqin sandy cropland of Inner Mongolia, north China. Soil Tillage Res. 87(2):175–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zobeck TM, Baddock M, Pelt RSV. 2013. Soil property effects on wind erosion of organic soils. Aeolian Res. 10(5):43–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou XY, Li JF, Liu B. 2016. The protective effects of nebkhas on an oasis. Aeolian Res. 20:71–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar