Social-mediated frame alignment: A study of menstrual activism in China during the COVID-19 pandemic

References

• Benford, R. D., & Snow, D. A. (2000). Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 611–639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhavana, U. (2007, November 15). Acknowledging menstruation: Communicative practices of visibility and invisibility around menstruation amongst women of East Indian origin [Paper presentation]. National Communication Association 93rd Annual Convention, Illinois, Chicago, United States.
   Google Scholar
• Bobel, C. (2006). “Our revolution has style”: Contemporary menstrual product activists “doing feminism” in the third wave. Sex Roles, 54(5), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9001-7
   Google Scholar
• Bobel, C. (2010). New blood: Third-wave feminism and the politics of menstruation. Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bobel, C., & Fahs, B. (2020). From bloodless respectability to radical menstrual embodiment: Shifting menstrual politics from private to public. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 45(4), 955–983. https://doi.org/10.1086/707802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buechler, S. M. (2016). Understanding social movements: Theories from the classical era to the present. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, L. (2016). How has China’s home-grown social media WeChat changed the traditional media landscape. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/how-has-chinas-home-grown-social-media-wechat-changed-traditional-media-landscape.
   Google Scholar
• Chou, C. (2007). Zouchu jinji: jindai zhongguo nvxing de jingqi weisheng (1895–1949) [Coming out of the taboo: Menstrual period hygiene of women in modern China, 1895–1949]. The Journal of History, NCCU, 28, 231–285. https://doi.org/10.30383/TJH.200711_(28).0005
   Google Scholar
• Chu, M. Y. (1980). Menstrual beliefs and practices of Chinese women. Journal of the Folklore Institute, 17(1), 38–55. https://doi.org/10.2307/3814221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vreese, C. H. (2005). Identifying information and tenor in texts. Information Design Journal & Document Design, 13(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1075/idjdd.13.1.06vre
   Google Scholar
• Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadnis, D. (2017). Feminist activists protest tax on sanitary pads: Attempts to normalize conversations about menstruation in India using hashtag activism. Feminist Media Studies, 17(6), 1111–1114. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1380430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, W. (2020, February 21). Sanitary product donations aid female medics fighting COVID-19. China Global Television Network. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-02-21/Sanitary-product-donations-aid-female-medics-fighting-COVID-19-OgwwJqDV2o/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, N. (2009). Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. In G. Henderson, & M. Waterstone (Eds.), Geographic thought: A praxis perspective (pp. 72–91). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Furth, C. (1986). Blood, body and gender: Medical images of the female condition in China 1600–1850. East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine, 7(1), 43–66. https://doi.org/10.1163/26669323-00701005
   Google Scholar
• Gamson, W. A. (1988). Political discourse and collective action. In B. Klandermans, H. Kriesi, & S. Tarrow (Eds.), From structure to action: Social movement participation across cultures (pp. 219–244). JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gamson, W. A., Fireman, B., & Rytina, S. (1982). Encounters with unjust authority. Dorsey Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gamson, W. A., & Wolfsfeld, G. (1993). Movements and media as interacting systems. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 528(1), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293528001009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, E., Zuo, X., Wang, L., Lou, C., Cheng, Y., & Zabin, L. S. (2012). How does traditional Confucian culture influence adolescents’ sexual behavior in three Asian cities? Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(3), S12–S17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, A. (2017, December 19). The shame of period poverty is keeping British girls out of school. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/19/british-girls-period-poverty-menstruation-sanitary-products.
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graziani, T. (2018, May 14). WeChat Impact Report 2018 shows impressive social impact. Walkthechat. https://walkthechat.com/wechat-impact-report-2018-shows-impressive-social-impact/.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, K., & Brewer, P. R. (2007). Sore losers: News frames, policy debates, and emotions. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 12(1), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06297231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlow, S. (2012). Social media and social movements: Facebook and an online Guatemalan justice movement that moved offline. New Media & Society, 14(2), 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444811410408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyengar, S. (1994). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, T. E., & Falmagne, R. J. (2013). Women wearing white: Discourses of menstruation and the experience of menarche. Feminism & Psychology, 23(3), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353512473812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson, K. H., & Cappella, J. N. (2008). Echo chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the conservative media establishment. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston-Robledo, I., & Chrisler, J. C. (2013). The menstrual mark: Menstruation as social stigma. Sex Roles, 68(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-0052-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. S. (2009). Individualism and collectivism: Implications for women. Pastoral Psychology, 58(5), 563–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-009-0236-4
   Google Scholar
• Kissling, E. A. (1996). Bleeding out loud: Communication about menstruation. Feminism & Psychology, 6(4), 481–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353596064002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J. (2008). Zhongguo minjian de yuejing yinyu yu wenhua bianqian [Folk menstruation euphemisms and cultural changes in China]. Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University, 25(3), 30–33. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode = CJFD&dbname = CJFD2008&filename = YNZZ200803005&v = v3eu0FL3YombJe4rBOj4yxUoe7Dxrr2Dc01e0ujzbtJcJnk9czySeGFs2lRvvDKp.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, X., & Chu, M. (2012, February 20). Guangdong nvsheng fadong zhanling nancesuo yundong, huyu cewei fenpei gengheli [Guangdong female students launched a campaign to occupy men’s toilets, calling for more reasonable allocation of toilets]. Tengxunwang. https://news.qq.com/a/20120220/000123.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Luo, J. (2020, March 3). Navigating China’s new gender movement. Jing Daily. https://jingdaily.com/navigating-chinas-complicated-gender-movement/.
   Google Scholar
• Marullo, S. (1996). Frame changes and social movement contraction: US peace movement framing after the cold war. Sociological Inquiry, 66(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1996.tb00206.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, S. M. (1995). Girls’ understanding and social constructions of menarche. Journal of Adolescence, 18(1), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1995.1007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mou, Y., Yin, Z., & Wang, J. (2018). I’m about to get my tamp on”: Framing tampons in we media promotion posts targeting Chinese females. Journal of Gender Studies, 35(2), 242–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2018.1504757
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, A. (2014). The social construction and resistance of menstruation as a public spectacle. In D. N. Farris, M. A. Davis, & D. L. R. Compton (Eds.), Illuminating how identities, stereotypes and inequalities matter through gender studies (pp. 91–108). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Petty, R. E., Barden, J., & Wheeler, S. C. (2009). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion: Developing health promotions for sustained behavioral change. In R. J. DiClemente, R. A. Crosby, & M. C. Kegler (Eds.), Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research (pp. 185–214). Jossey-Bass/Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Qin, J. (2015). Hero on Twitter, traitor on news: How social media and legacy news frame Snowden. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 20(2), 166–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161214566709
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reese, E., & Newcombe, G. (2003). Income rights, mothers’ rights, or workers’ rights? Collective action frames, organizational ideologies, and the American welfare rights movement. Social Problems, 50(2), 294–318. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2003.50.2.294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rennick, S. A. (2013). Personal grievance sharing, frame alignment, and hybrid organisational structures: The role of social media in North Africa’s 2011 uprisings. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 31(2), 156–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2013.781322
   Google Scholar
• Russell Neuman, W., Guggenheim, L., Mo Jang, S., & Bae, S. Y. (2014). The dynamics of public attention: Agenda-setting theory meets big data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, C., & Gamson, W. A. (2009). Are frames enough? In J. Goodwin, & J. M. Jasper (Eds.), The social movements reader: Cases and concepts (pp. 167–174). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Schrock, D., Holden, D., & Reid, L. (2004). Creating emotional resonance: Interpersonal emotion work and motivational framing in a transgender community. Social Problems, 51(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2004.51.1.61
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitar, P. (2018). Female trouble: Menstrual hygiene, shame and socialism. Journal of Gender Studies, 27(7), 771–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2017.1304860
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow, D., Benford, R., McCammon, H., Hewitt, L., & Fitzgerald, S. (2014). The emergence, development, and future of the framing perspective: 25 + years since “frame alignment”. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 19(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.19.1.x74278226830m69l
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow, D. A., Rochford Jr, E. B., Worden, S. K., & Benford, R. D. (1986). Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095581
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer, M., Hirsch, J. S., Nathanson, C., & Parker, R. G. (2015). Comfortably, safely, and without shame: Defining menstrual hygiene management as a public health issue. American Journal of Public Health, 105(7), 1302–1311. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkildsen, N., & Schnell, F. (1997). How media frames move public opinion: An analysis of the women's movement. Political Research Quarterly, 50(4), 879–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, E. M. (2007). Menstruation discrimination: The menstrual taboo as a rhetorical function of discourse in the national and international advances of women’s rights. Contemporary Argumentation & Debate, 28(September), 65–90. http://www.cedadebate.org/files/2007CAD.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2008). Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 134(4), 504–535. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X. (2020, March 14). Yichang wei nvxing faqi de juanzeng: miandui “shuobuchukou” “beihushi” de kunjing [A donation for women: Facing the dilemma of being “unable to speak out” and “neglected”]. Nanfangzhoumo. http://www.infzm.com/contents/179021.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, M. (2016). Rethinking social movement micromobilization: Multi-stage theory and the role of social ties. Current Sociology, 64(6), 853–874. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392116634818
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, M. (2002). Publics and counterpublics. Zone Books.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss-Wolf, J. (2017). Periods gone public: Taking a stand for menstrual equity. Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Women-Voice. (2015, May 24). Shenti, xing yu yindaozhidao [Body, sexuality, and the vagina monologues]. Douban. Retrieved October 29, 2020, from https://www.douban.com/note/353410487/?type = like.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, F. (2009). Chinese feminisms encounter international feminisms: Identity, power and knowledge production. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 11(2), 196–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740902789567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, B., & Zhang, H. (2020). Xinzhongguo chenglihou nongcun funv de shenfen zhuanhuan(1949-1965) [The identity transformation of rural women after the founding of new China (1949-1965)]. Research and Teaching of Party History, 42(1), 51–60. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?FileName = DSYJ202001007&DbName = CJFQ2020
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, H. (2020). Gongzhong yiti zhong nvxing shengli jiankang huayuquan de queshi [Lack of discursive space for women’s physical health in public issues]. News Outpost, 33(4), 94–96.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, M. (1987). The women’s health movement: A critique of the medical enterprise and the position of women. In B. Hess, & M. M. Ferree (Eds.), A handbook of social science research (pp. 442–472). Sage.
   Google Scholar