Contact sensitization to metals in dental exposures in Bulgaria

References

• Uter W, Amario-Hita JC, Balato A, et al. European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): results with the European baseline series, 2013/14. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017; 31(9):1516–1525. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thyssen JP, Menné T. Metal allergy - a review on exposures, penetration, genetics, prevalence, and clinical implications. Chem Res Toxicol. 2010;23(2):309–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischmann P. Zur Frage der Gefährlichkeitkleinster Quecksilbermengen [To the question of the danger of the smallest quantities of mercury]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1928;54:304–307. German.
   Google Scholar
• Ditrichova D, Dobešova J, Kapralova S, et al. [The most common contact allergens in the oral cavity and lips]. Čes Stomat. 2007;107:39–45. Czech.
   Google Scholar
• Uter W, Ramsch C, Aberer W, et al. The European baseline series in 10 European countries, 2005/2006 – results of the European Surveillance System of Contact Allergies (ESSCA). Contact Dermatitis. 2009;61(1):31–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menn´e T, et al. The epidemiology of contact allergy in the general population – prevalence and main findings. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(5):287–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler JF Jr. Cobalt. Dermatitis. 2016;27(1):3–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lidén C, Bruze M, Thyssen JP, et al. Metals. In: Johansen JD, Lepoittevin JP, Frosch PJ, editors. Contact dermatitis. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2011. p. 643–681.
   Google Scholar
• Julander A, Skare L, Mulder M, et al. Skin deposition of nickel, cobalt, and chromium in production of gas turbines and space propulsion components. Ann Occup Hyg. 2010;54(3):340–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athavale P, Shum KW, Chen Y, et al. Occupational dermatitis related to chromium and cobalt: experience of dermatologists (EPIDERM) and occupational physicians (OPRA) in the UK over an 11-year period (1993–2004). Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(3):518–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rostenberg A Jr, Perkins AJ. Nickel and cobalt dermatitis. J Allergy. 1951;22:466–474.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Julander A, Hindsén M, Skare L, et al. Cobalt-containing alloys and their ability to release cobalt and cause dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;60(3):165–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lygre GB, Gjerdet NR, Bjorkman L. A follow-up study of patiens with subjective symptoms related to dental materials. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33(3):227–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roach M. Base metal alloys used for dental restorations and implants. Dent Clin North Am. 2007;51(3):603–627.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thyssen JP, Menné T, Lidén C, et al. Cobalt release from implants and consumer items and characteristics of cobalt sensitized patients with dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2012;66(3):113–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kettelarij J, Nilsson S, Midander K, et al. Snapshot of cobalt, chromium and nickel exposure in dental technicians. Contact Dermatitis. 2016;75(6):370–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krecisz B, Chomiczewska D, Palczynski C, et al. Contact allergy to metals in adolescents: nickel release from metal accessories 7 years after the implementation of the EU Nickel Directive in Poland. Contact Dermatitis. 2012;67(5):270–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman L. Nickel eczema. Arch Dermatol Syphilol. 1933;28:688–696.
   Google Scholar
• Wallenhammar LM, Ortengren U, Andreasson H, et al. Contact allergy and hand eczema in Swedish dentists. Contact Dermatitis. 2000;43(4):192–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrangsjö K, Swartling C, Meding B. Occupational dermatitis in dental personnel: contact dermatitis with special reference to (meth)acrylates in 174 patients. Contact Dermatitis. 2001;45(3):158–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faurschou A, Menné T, Johansen JD, et al. Metal allergen of the 21st century - a review on exposure, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of palladium allergy. Contact Dermatitis. 2011;64(4):185–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wataha JC, Shor K. Palladium alloys for biomedical devices. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2010;7(4):489–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kligman AM. The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test: a procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. J Invest Dermatol. 1966;47(5):393–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanerva L, Rantanen T, Aalto-Korte K, et al. A multicenter study of patch test reactions with dental screening series. Am J Contact Dermat. 2001;12(2):83–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raap U, Stiesch M, Reh H, et al. Investigation of contact allergy to dental metals in 206 patients. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;60(6):339–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosoki M, Bando E, Asaoka K, et al. Assessment of allergic hypersensitivity to dental materials. Biomed Mater Eng. 2009;19(1):53–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muris J, Goossens A, Gonçalo M, et al. Sensitization to palladium and nickel in Europe and the relationship with oral disease and dental alloys. Contact Dermatitis. 2015;72(5):286–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fall S, Bruze M, Isaksson M, et al. Contact allergy trends in Sweden - a retrospective comparison of patch test data from 1992, 2000, and 2009. Contact Dermatitis. 2015;72(5):297–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gündüz Ö, Aytekin A, Tutkun E, et al. Comparison of European standard patch test results of 330 patients from an occupational diseases hospital. Dermatol Res Pract. 2016 [cited 2017 Aug 15];2016:9421878. DOI: 10.1155/2016/9421878.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linauskienė K, Malinauskienė L, Blažienė A. Time trends of contact allergy to the European baseline series in Lithuania. Contact Dermatitis. 2017;76(6):350–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar