Democracy and the Media—Revisited

REFERENCES

• Baym, Nancy, and Danah Boyd. 2012. “Socially Mediated Publicness: An Introduction.” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 56 (3): 320–329. doi: 10.1080/08838151.2012.705200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. Lance. 1990. “Toward a Theory of Press–State Relations.” Journal of Communication 40 (2): 103–125. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02265.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. Lance. 1996. “An Introduction to Journalism Norms and Representations of Politics.” Political Communication 13 (3): 373–384. doi: 10.1080/10584609.1996.9963126
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. Lance, and Shanto Iyengar. 2008. “A New Era of Media Effects: The Changing Foundations of Political Communication.” Journal of Communication 58 (4): 707–731. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. Lance, and Alexandra Segerberg. 2012 “The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics.” Information, Communication and Society 15 (5): 739–768. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaug, Ricardo. 2002. “Engineering Democracy.” Political Studies 50 (1): 102–116. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.00361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumler, Jay G. 2011. “Foreword: In Praise of Holistic Empiricism.” In Political Communication in Post-modern Democracy: Challenging the Primacy of Politics, edited by K. Brants and K. Voltmer, ix–xii. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Blumler, Jay G. 2014. “Mediatization and Democracy.” In Mediatization of Politics: Understanding the Transformation of Western Democracies, edited by F. Esser and J. Strömback, 31–41. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Blumler, Jay G., and Stephen Coleman. 2001. Realising Democracy Online: A Civic Commons in Cyberspace. London: Institute of Public Policy Research.
   Google Scholar
• Blumler, Jay G., and Stephen Coleman. 2013. “Paradigms of Civic Communication.” International Journal of Communication 7 (feature): 173–187.
   Google Scholar
• Blumler, Jay G., and Stephen Cushion. 2014. “Normative Perspectives on Journalism Studies: A Stock-taking and Future Directions.” Journalism 15 (3): 259–272. doi: 10.1177/1464884913498689
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumler, Jay G., and Michael Gurevitch. 1981. “Politicians and the Press: An Essay on Role Relationships.” In Handbook of Political Communication, edited by D. D. Nimmo and K. R. Sanders, 467–493. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Blumler, Jay G., and Michael Gurevitch. 1995. The Crisis of Public Communication. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Blumler, Jay G., and Denis McQuail. 2001. “Political Communication Scholarship: The Uses of Election Research.” In Election Studies: What's Their Use?, edited by E. Katz and Y. Worshel, 219–245.
   Google Scholar
• Castells, Manuel. 1996. The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture. Volume I: The Rise of the Network Society. London: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Christians, Clifford G., Theodore L. Glasser, Denis McQuail, Kaarle Nordenstreng, and Robert A. White. 2009. Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, Stephen, and Jay G. Blumler. 2009. The Internet and Democratic Citizenship: Theory, Practice and Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, Stephen, and Giles Moss. 2014. “Rethinking Election Debates: What Citizens Are Entitled to Expect.” Report, School of Media and Communication, University of Leeds.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, Stephen, and Karen Ross. 2010. The Media and the Public: “Them” and “Us” In Media Discourse. London: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Conroy, Meredith, Jessica Feezell, and Mario Guerrero. 2012. “Facebook and Political Engagement: A Study of Online Political Group Membership and Offline Political Engagement.” Computers in Human Behavior 28 (5): 1535–1546. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlgren, Peter. 2009. Media and Political Engagement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deacon, David, and James Stanyer. 2015. “Mediatization: Key Concept or Conceptual Bandwagon?” Media, Culture and Society 37 (1): 1032–1044.
   Google Scholar
• Easton, David. 1953. A Frame-work for Political Analysis. New York: Knopf.
   Google Scholar
• Entman, Robert M. 1993 “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esser, Frank, and Jesper Stromback. 2014. Mediatization of Politics; Understanding the Transformation of Western Democracies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Fink, Katherine, and Michael Schudson. 2014. “The Rise of Contextual Journalism, 1950s–2000s.” Journalism 15 (1): 3–20. doi: 10.1177/1464884913479015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraile, Marta. 2013. “Do Information-rich Contexts Reduce Knowledge Inequalities? The Contextual Determinants of Knowledge in Europe.” Acta Politica 48 (2): 119–143. doi: 10.1057/ap.2012.34
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraile, Marta, and Shanto Iyengar. 2014. “Not All News Sources are Equally Informative: A Cross-national Analysis of Political Knowledge in Europe.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 19 (3): 275–294. doi: 10.1177/1940161214528993
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallie, W. B. 1956. “Essentially Contested Concepts.” In Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 56.
   Google Scholar
• Garnham, Nicholas. 1999. “Amartya Sen's Capabilities Approach to the Evaluation of Welfare: Its Application to Communications” In Communication, Citizenship and Social Policy: Rethinking the Limits of the Welfare State, edited by A. Calabrese, 113–124. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Garrett, R. Kelly, and Paul Resnick. 2011. “Resisting Political Fragmentation on the Internet.” Daedalus 140 (4): 108–120. doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_00118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goddard, Peter, John Corner, and Kay Richardson. 2007. Public Issue Television: World in Action 1963–98. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graber, Doris A. 2003. “The Rocky Road to New Paradigms: Modernizing News and Citizenship Standards.” Political Communication 20 (1): 145–148. doi: 10.1080/10584600390211163
   Google Scholar
• Graber, Doris A., Denis McQuail, and Pippa Norris. 1998. The Politics of News: The News of Politics. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, Mark, and William H. Dutton, eds. 2014. Society and the Internet: How Networks of Information and Communication are Changing Our Lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gurevitch, Michael, and Jay G. Blumler. 1990. “Political Communication Systems and Democratic Values.” In Democracy and the Mass Media, edited by J. Lichtenberg, 269–289. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, Jürgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Stuart, Chas Critcher, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke, and Brian Roberts. 1978. Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order. London: The Macmillan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hallin, Daniel C., and Paolo Mancini. 2004. Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hargittai, Eszter, and Aaron Shaw. 2013. “Digitally Savvy Citizenship: The Role of Internet Skills and Engagement in Young Adults: Political Participation around the 2008 Presidential Election.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 57 (2): 115–134. doi: 10.1080/08838151.2013.787079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, Danny, and Matt Guardino. 2010. “Whose Views Made the News? Media Coverage and the March to War in Iraq.” Political Communication 27 (1): 59–87. doi: 10.1080/10584600903502615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Held, David. 1995. Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Padstow: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hindman, Matthew. 2008. The Myth of Digital Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Howard, Philip, and Muzzamil Hussain. 2013. Democracy's Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the Arab Spring. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Isin, Engin. 2009. “Citizenship in Flux: The Figure of the Activist Citizen.” Subjectivity 29 (1): 361–388.
   Google Scholar
• Iyengar, Shanto, and Richard Reeves, eds. 1997. Do the Media Govern? Politicians, Voters, and Reporters in America. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, and Brooks Jackson. 2007. Unspun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation. London: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Katz, Elihu. 1971. “Platforms and Windows: Journalism's Role in Election Campaigns.” Journalism Quarterly 38 (2): 304–314. doi: 10.1177/107769907104800215
   Google Scholar
• King, Anthony, and Ivor Crewe. 2013. The Blunders of Our Governments. London: Oneworld Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Lang, Gladys Engel, and Kurt Lang. 1983. The Battle for Public Opinion: The President, the Press and the Polls during Watergate. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarsfeld, Paul F., and Robert K. Merton. 1948. “Mass Communication, Popular Taste and Organised Social Action.” In The Communication of Ideas, edited by L. Bryson, 95–118. New York: Harper and Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Lischka, Juliane A. 2014. “Different Revenue Incentives, Different Content? Comparing Economic News before and during the Financial Crisis in German Public and Commercial News Outlets.” European Journal of Communication 29 (5): 549–566. doi: 10.1177/0267323114538851
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone, Sonia. 2013. “The Participation Paradigm in Audience Research.” The Communication Review 16 (1): 21–30. doi: 10.1080/10714421.2013.757174
   Google Scholar
• Mancini, Paolo. 2013. “Media Fragmentation, Party System, and Democracy.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 18 (1): 43–60. doi: 10.1177/1940161212458200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manin, Bernard. 1997. The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marcinkowski, Frank, and Adrian Steiner. 2014. “Mediatization and Political Autonomy: A Systems Approach.” In Mediatization of Politics: Understanding the Transformation of Western Democracies, edited by F. Esser and J. Stromback, 74–89. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzoleni, Gianpietro, and Winfried Schulz. 1999. “Mediatization of Politics: A Challenge for Democracy?” Political Communication 16 (3): 247–261. doi: 10.1080/105846099198613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, Toby. 2007 Cultural Citizenship: Cosmopolitanism, Consumerism and Television in a Neoliberal Age. Philadelphia, PA:Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Neuman, W. Russell, Lauren Guggenheim, S. Mo Jong, and Soo Yong. 2014. “The Dynamics of Public Attention: Agenda-setting Theory Meets Big Data.” Journal of Communication 64 (2): 193–214. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nussbaum, Martha. 2011. Creating Capabilities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pfestch, Barbara, ed. 2014. Political Communication Cultures in Europe: Attitudes of Political Actors and Journalists in Nine Countries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Postman, Neil. 2006. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Sampedro, Victor, and Josep Lobera. 2014. “The Spanish 15-M Movement: A Consensual Dissent?” Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies 15 (1–2): 61–80. doi: 10.1080/14636204.2014.938466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlozman, Karen, Sidney Verba, and H. E. Brady. 2010. “Weapon of the Strong? Participatory Inequality and the Internet.” Perspectives on Politics 8 (2): 487–509. doi: 10.1017/S1537592710001210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, Armata. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, Donald L., and David H. Weaver. 2014. “Media Agenda-setting and Audience Agenda Melding.” In Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion, edited by M. McCombs, 145–150 and 180–181. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Graham. 2009. Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Splichal, Slavko. 2014. “The Media and the Public Sphere in an Age of Globalisation.” Lecture delivered at the University of Leeds, February 20.
   Google Scholar
• Swanson, David L. 1999. “About This Issue.” Political Communication 16 (3): 203–207. doi: 10.1080/105846099198587
   Google Scholar
• Theocharis, Yannis, Will Lowe, Jan van Deth, and Gema García-Albacete. 2014. “Using Twitter to Mobilize Protest Action: Online Mobilization Patterns and Action Repertoires in the Occupy Wall Street, Indignados, and Aganaktismenoi Movements.” Information, Communication and Society 18 (2): 202–220. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2014.948035
   Google Scholar
• van Broekhoven, Remko. 2014. “Vocation vs. Mediatization.” Paper presented at the ECREA TWG Workshop Rethinking the Mediatization of Politics, London School of Economics, April 25–26.
   Google Scholar
• Vromen, Ariadne, Michael A. Xenos, and Brian Loader. 2015. “Young People, Social Media and Connective Action: From Organisational Maintenance to Everyday Political Talk.” Journal of Youth Studies 18 (1): 80–100. doi: 10.1080/13676261.2014.933198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waisbord, Silvio. 2014. Media Sociology: A Reappraisal. London: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, Max. 1919. “Politics as a Vocation.” Lecture to the Free Students’ Union of Bavaria, January 28.
   Google Scholar
• Webster, Frank. 2014. Theories of the Information Society. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Webster, James, and Thomas Ksiazek. 2012. “The Dynamics of Audience Fragmentation: Public Attention in an Age of Digital Media.” Journal of Communication 62 (1): 39–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01616.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xenos, Michael A., and Patricia Moy. 2007. “Direct and Differential Effects of the Internet on Political and Civic Engagement.” Journal of Communication 57 (4): 704–718. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00364.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaller, John R., and D. Chiu. 1996. “Government's Little Helper: U.S. Press Coverage of Foreign Policy Crises, 1945–1991.” Political Communication 13 (4): 385–405. doi: 10.1080/10584609.1996.9963127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelizer, Barbie. 2011. “Journalism in the Service of Communication.” Journal of Communication 61 (1): 1–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01524.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar