REFERENCES
- Armstrong, Mark. 2005. “Public Service Broadcasting.” Fiscal Studies 26 (3): 281–299. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2005.00013.x.
- Bardoel, Johannes, and Leen d’Haenens. 2008. “Reinventing Public Service Broadcasting in Europe: Prospects, Promises and Problems.” Media, Culture, and Society 30 (3): 337–355. doi:10.1177/0163443708088791.
- Besley, Timothy, Robert Burgess, and Andrea Prat. 2002. Mass Media and Political Accountability. New York: World Bank.
- Brosius, Hans-Bernd, Mallory Wober, and Gabriel Weimann. 1992. “The Loyalty of Television Viewing: How Consistent Is TV Viewing Behavior?” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 36 (3): 321–335. doi:10.1080/08838159209364180.
- Brown, Allan. 1996. “Economics, Public Service Broadcasting, and Social Values.” Journal of Media Economics 9 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1207/s15327736me0901_2.
- Chomsky, Noam, and Edward S. Herman. 2010. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Random House.
- Collins, Richard, Adam Finn, Stuart McFadyen, and Colin Hoskins. 2001. “Public Service Broadcasting Beyond 2000: Is There a Future for Public Service Broadcasting?” Canadian Journal of Communication 26 (1). doi: 10.22230/cjc.2001v26n1a1192
- Cushion, Stephen. 2012. The Democratic Value of News: Why Public Service Media Matter. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Czepek, Andrea, Melanie Hellwig, and Eva Nowak. 2009. Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts and Conditions. London: Intellect Books.
- Durante, Ruben, and Brian Knight. 2012. “Partisan Control, Media Bias, and Viewer Responses: Evidence from Berlusconi’s Italy.” Journal of the European Economic Association 10 (3): 451–481. doi:10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01060.x.
- Gabszewicz, Jean, Didier Laussel, and Nathalie Sonnac. 2001. “Press Advertising and the Ascent of the Pensée Unique.” European Economic Review 45 (4): 641–651. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00139-8.
- Gabszewicz, Jean, Didier Laussel, and Nathalie Sonnac. 2004. “Programming and Advertising Competition in the Broadcasting Industry.” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 13 (4): 657–669. doi 10.1111/j.1430-9134.2004.00027.x.
- Gal-Or, Esther, and Anthony Dukes. 2003. “Minimum Differentiation in Commercial Media Markets.” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 12 (3): 291–325. doi:10.1111/j.1430-9134.2003.00291.x.
- George, Lisa M., and Felix Oberholzer Gee. 2011. “Diversity in Local Television News.” US Federal Communications Commission Quadrennial Review, Washington, DC, July. Accessed 3 December 2017. http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/2010-media-ownership-studies.
- Gunther, Richard, and Anthony Mughan. 2000. Democracy and the Media: A Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Hargreaves Heap, S. P. 2005. “Television in a Digital Age: What Role for Public Service Broadcasting?” Economic Policy 20 (41): 112–157. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0327.2005.00134.x.
- Hibberd, Matthew. 2007. “Conflicts of Interest and Media Pluralism in Italian Broadcasting.” West European Politics 30 (4): 881–902. doi:10.1080/01402380701500363.
- Hine, David. 2002. “Silvio Berlusconi, the Media and the Conflict of Interest Issue.” Italian Politics 17 (1): 261–275. doi: 10.3167/ip.2001.170114
- Hitchens, Lesley. 2006. Broadcasting Pluralism and Diversity: A Comparative Study of Policy and Regulation. Oxford: Bloomsbury.
- Humphreys, Peter. 1996. Mass Media and Media Policy in Western Europe. Vol. 2. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
- Iosifidis, Petros. 2010. “Pluralism and Concentration of Media Ownership: Measurement Issues.” Javnost-the Public 17 (3): 5–21. doi:10.1080/13183222.2010.11009033.
- Mangani, Andrea. 2003. “Profit and Audience Maximization in Broadcasting Markets.” Information Economics and Policy 15 (3): 305–315. doi:10.1016/S0167-6245(02)00112-9.
- McCarthy, Killian J., and Wilfred Dolfsma. 2014. “Neutral Media? Evidence of Media Bias and its Economic Impact.” Review of Social Economy 72 (1): 42–54. doi:10.1080/00346764.2013.8061.
- Meyer, Denny, and Siva Muthaly. 2008. “New Measures and a New Model for Television Network Loyalty (MOTNL).” Marketing Bulletin 19: 1–19. Accessed 15 December 2017. http://www.academia.edu/download/42279698/MB_V19_A1_214_Meyer.pdf.
- Rennhoff, Adam D., and Kenneth C. Wilbur. 2012. “Local Media Ownership and Media Quality.” Information Economics and Policy 24 (3): 231–242. doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2012.08.001.
- Rennhoff, Adam D., and Kenneth C. Wilbur. 2014. “Market-based Measures of Viewpoint Diversity.” Information Economics and Policy 26: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2013.10.002.
- Rogers, Robert P., and John R. Woodbury. 1996. “Market Structure, Program Diversity, and Radio Audience Size.” Contemporary Economic Policy 14 (1): 81–91. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00605.x.
- Spence, Michael A., and Bruce Owen. 1977. “Television Programming, Monopolistic Competition and Welfare.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 91 (1): 103–126. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1883140. doi: 10.2307/1883140
- Steiner, Peter. 1952. “Program Patterns and Preferences, and the Workability of Competition in Radio Broadcasting.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 66 (2): 194–223. doi:10.2307/1882942.
- Sukosd, Miklos, Robert Picard, and Peggy Valcke, eds. 2015. Media Pluralism and Diversity: Concepts, Risks and Global Trends. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Valcke, Peggy. 2011. “A European Risk Barometer for Media Pluralism: Why Assess Damage When You Can Map Risk?” Journal of Information Policy 1: 185–216. doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.1.2011.0185.
- Waterman, David. 1989. “Diversity and Quality of Information Products in a Monopolistically Competitive Industry.” Information Economics and Policy 4 (4): 291–303. doi:10.1016/0167-6245(89)90010-3.
- Waterman, David. 2005. “Economics of Media Programming.” In Handbook of Media Management and Economics, edited by Alan B. Albarran, Sylvia M. Chan-Olmsted, and Michael O. Wirth, 387–416. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.