Sentencing of Male and Female Child Sex Offenders: Australian Study

References

• Allen , C. 1990 . “ Women as perpetrators of child sexual abuse: Recognition barriers ” . In The incest perpetrator: A family member no one wants to treat , Edited by: Horton , A. L. , Johnson , B. L. , Roundy , L. M. and Williams , D. 108 – 125 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , C. M. 1991 . Women and men who sexually abuse children: A comparative analysis , Orwell, VT : Safer Society Press .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , H. 1987 . “ Rendering them harmless: The professional portrayal of women charged with serious violent crimes ” . In Gender, crime and justice , Edited by: Carlen , P. and Worrall , A. 81 – 94 . Milton Keynes : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Australian Law Reform Commission . 1988 . Report no. 44, Sentencing , Sydney : Australian Law Reform Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Denov , M. S. 2001 . A culture of denial: Exploring professional perspectives on female sex offending . Canadian Journal of Criminology , 43 : 303 – 329 .
   Google Scholar
• Dunbar , T. 1999 . “ Women who sexually molest female children ” . In Female sexual abusers: Three perspectives , Edited by: Bear , E. 311 – 393 . Brandon, VT : The Safer Society Press .
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , M. 1993 . “ What survivors tell us: An overview ” . In Female sexual abuse of children: The ultimate taboo , Edited by: Elliott , M. 5 – 14 . Essex : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Faller , K. 1987 . Women who sexually abuse children . Violence and Victims , 2 : 263 – 276 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faller , K. C. 1995 . A clinical sample of women who have sexually abused children . Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , 4 ( 3 ) : 13 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Fehrenbach , P. A. and Monastersky , C. 1988 . Characteristics of female adolescent sexual offenders . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 58 : 148 – 151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelhor , D. , Williams , L. and Burns , N. 1988 . Nursery crimes: Sexual abuse in daycare , Beverly Hills : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Freckelton , I. 1994 . Sentencing the substance dependent offender . Psychiatry, Psychology and Law , 1 : 11 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Freckelton , I. 2007 . Sentencing offenders with impaired mental functioning . Psychiatry Psychology and Law , 14 : 359 – 363 .
   Google Scholar
• Freckelton , I. and Selby , H. 2009 . Sentencing evidence . Expert evidence: Law, practice, procedure and advocacy , (4th ed.(. Sydney: Thomson
   Google Scholar
• Heidensohn , F. 1995 . “ Modern theories of female criminality ” . In Women and crime , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Heidensohn , F. and Silvestri , M. 125 – 144 . New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Henning , T. 1995 . Psychological explanations in sentencing women in Tasmania . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology , 28 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetherton , J. P. 1999 . The idealization of women: Its role in the minimization of child sexual abuse by females . Child Abuse and Neglect , 23 : 161 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetherton , J. P. and Beardsall , L. 1998 . Decisions and attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: Does the gender of the perpetrator make a difference to child protection professionals? . Child Abuse and Neglect , 22 : 1265 – 1283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , T. C. 1989 . Female child perpetrators: Children who molest other children . Child Abuse and Neglect , 13 : 571 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , C. F. and Stanley , C. R. 2000 . Women accused of sexual offences . Behavioural Sciences and the Law , 18 : 73 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews , R. , Matthews , J. K. and Speltz , K. 1989 . Female sexual offenders: an exploratory study , Orwell, VT : The Safer Society Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , A. 1983 . Incest: A treatment manual for therapy with victims, spouses and offenders , Holmes Beach, FL : Learning Publications .
   Google Scholar
• McCarty , L. H. 1986 . Mother–child incest: Characteristics of the offender . Child Welfare , 65 : 447 – 458 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melton , G. B. , Petrilia , J. , Poythress , N. G. and Slobogin , C. 1997 . “ Sentencing ” . In Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers , Edited by: Melton , G. B. , Petrila , J. , Poythress , N. G. and Slobogin , C. 165 – 193 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nathan , P. and Ward , T. 2001 . Females who sexually abuse children: Assessment and treatment issues . Psychiatry, Psychology and Law , 8 : 44 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Ray , J. and English , D. J. 1995 . Comparison of female and male children with sexual behavior problems . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 24 : 439 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosencrans , B. 1997 . The last secret: Daughters sexually abused by mothers , Brandon, VT : Safer Society Press .
   Google Scholar
• Syed , F. and Williams , S. 1996 . Case studies of female sex offenders in the Correctional Service of Canada , Ottawa : Correctional Service of Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Wakefield , H. and Underwager , R. 1991 . Female child sexual abusers: A critical review of the literature . American Journal of Forensic Psychology , 9 : 43 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilczynski , A. 1997 . Mad or bad? Child killers, gender and the courts . British Journal of Criminology , 37 : 419 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfers , S. 1992 . Same abuse, different parent . Social Work Today , 23 : 16 – 22 .
   Google Scholar