The Effect of Offender's Attractiveness and Subject's Gender on Judgments in Swindling

References

• Ahola, A., Christianson, S. A., & Hellstrom, A. (2009). Justice needs a blindfold: effects of gender and attractiveness on prison sentences and attributions of personal characteristics in a judicial process. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law, 16, S90–S100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahola, A., Hellstrom, A., & Christianson, S. A. (2010). Is justice really blind? Effects of crime descriptions, defendant gender and appearance, and legal practitioner gender on sentences and defendant evaluations in a mock trial. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 17, 304–324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, S. T., Kuriloff, P. J., & Lottes, I (1994). Understanding attributions of blame in stranger rape and date rape situations: an examination of gender, race, identification, and students' social perceptions of rape victims. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1719–1734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergeron, C. E., & McKelvie, S. J. (2004). Effects of defendant age on severity of punishment for different crimes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 75–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boor, M. (1976). Beautiful is not dangerous, beauty is not talent: two failures to replicate the physical attractiveness effects. Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 96, 301–302.
   Google Scholar
• Burger, J. M. (1981). Motivational biases in the attribution of responsibility for an accident: a meta-analysis of the defensive-attribution hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 496–512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, M. L. (2004). Creating moral buffers in weapon control interface design. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 28–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darby, B. W., & Jeffers, D. (1988). The effects of defendant and juror attractiveness on simulated courtroom trial decisions. Social Behavior and Personality, 16, 39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dion, K. K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 285–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M.G., & Longo, L.C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but …: a meta-analysis of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efran, M. G. (1974). The effect of physical appearance on the judgment of guilt, interpersonal attraction, and severity of recommended punishment in a simulated jury task. Journal of Research in Personality, 8, 45–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer, M., & Keller, L. (2010). Offenders' group membership moderates the effect of criminal history on punishment severity. Social Psychology, 41, 20–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubb, A. R., & Harrower, J. (2009). Understanding attribution of blame in cases of rape: an analysis of participant gender, type of rape and perceived similarity to the victim. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 15, 63–81.
   Google Scholar
• Gunnell, J. J., & Ceci, S. J. (2010). When emotionality trumps reason: a study of individual processing style and juror bias. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28, 850–877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell, W. A. (1978). Physical attractiveness, self-disclosure, and helping behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 104, 15–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, E. (1981). Social correlates of perceived offender typicality. Psychological Reports, 49, 347–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliemann, D., Young, L., Scholz, J., & Saxe, R. (2008).The influence of prior record on moral judgment. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2949–2957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langolis, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 390–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner, M. J. (1980). The belief in a just world. New York: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030–1051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlowe, C. M., Schneider, S. L., & Nelson, C. E. (1996). Gender and attractiveness biases in hiring decisions: are more experienced managers less biased? Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 11–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzella, R., & Feingold, A. (1994). The effects of physical attractiveness, race, socioeconomic status, and gender of defendants and victims on judgments of mock jurors: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1315–1344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miers, D. R. (1974). Victim participation in criminal behavior. Anglo-American Law Review, 3, 86–97.
   Google Scholar
• Milgram, S. (1975). Obedience to authority. New York: Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, A. K., Amacker, A. M., & King, A. R. (2011). Sexual victimization history and perceived similarity to a sexual assault victim: a path model of perceiver variables predicting victim culpability attributions. Sex Roles, 64, 372–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T. L., Haw, R. M., Pfeifer, J. E., & Meissner, C. A. (2005). Racial bias in mock juror decision-making: a meta-analytic review of defendant treatment. Law & Human Behavior, 29, 621–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizelle, R. K. (1988). The effects of defendant attractiveness on juridic decision making concerning two types of crimes. Unpublished manuscript, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, S. (1968). The victim and his criminal: A study in functional responsibility. New York: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, S. (1977). Victimology: The victim and his criminal. Reston, VA: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Shaver, K. (1970). Defensive attribution: effects of severity and relevance on the responsibility assigned for an accident. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 101–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shechory-Bitton, M., & Ben David, S. (2013). Elaborations on sexual assault on dates among Israeli students: risk, detrimental effect and resiliency factors. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. Online: http://ijo.sagepub.com/content/early/recent
   Google Scholar
• Shechory-Bitton, M., & Ben Shaul, D. (2013). Perceptions and attitudes to sexual harassment: an examination of gender differences and the gender composition of the harasser-target dyad. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43, 2136–2145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shechory, M., Nachson, I., & Glicksohn, J. (2010). Effects of stereotypes and suggestion on memory. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54, 113–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigall, H., & Ostrove, N. (1975). Beautiful but dangerous: effects of offender attractiveness and nature of the crime on juridic judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 410–414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, E. D., & Hed, A. (1979). Effects of offenders' age and attractiveness on sentencing by mock juries. Psychological Reports, 44, 691–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, J. E. (1980). Defendant's attractiveness as a factor in the outcome of criminal trials: an observational study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 348–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strömwall, L. A., Alfredsson, H., & Landström, S. (2013). Rape victim and perpetrator blame and the just world hypothesis: the influence of victim gender and age. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 19, 207–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walster, E. (1966). Assignment of responsibility for an accident. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 73–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warling, D., & Badali-Peterson, M. (2003). The verdict on jury trials for juveniles: the effects of defendant's age on trial outcomes. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 21, 63–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, D. W. (1978). Helping behavior and physical attractiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 104, 313–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wuensch, K. L., Chia, R. C., Castellow, W. A., Chuang, C. J., & Cheng, B. S. (1993). Effects of physical attractiveness, sex, and type of crime on mock juror decisions. A replication with Chinese students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 414–427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wuensch, K. L., Chia, R. C., Castellow, W. A., & Moore, C. H. (1991). Effects of defendant attractiveness and type of crime on juridic judgment. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 713–724.
   Google Scholar