1,708
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

‘Undoing gender’ or selection effects?: fathers’ uptake of leave and involvement in housework and childcare in South Korea

ORCID Icon
Pages 2430-2458 | Received 03 Apr 2022, Accepted 04 Apr 2023, Published online: 21 Apr 2023

References

  • Almqvist, A.-L., & Duvander, A.-Z. (2014). Changes in gender equality? Swedish fathers’ parental leave, division of childcare and housework. Journal of Family Studies, 20(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.5172/jfs.2014.20.1.19
  • Arnalds, Á. A., Eydal, G. B., & Gíslason, I. V. (2013). Equal rights to paid parental leave and caring fathers – the case of Iceland. Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration, 9(2), 323–344. https://doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2013.9.2.4
  • Berk, S. F. (1985). The gender factory: The apportionment of work in American households. Plenum.
  • Brandth, B., & Kvande, E. (2018). Masculinity and fathering alone during parental leave. Men and Masculinities, 21(1), 72–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X16652659
  • Bungum, B., & Kvande, E. (2020). Norway country note. In A. Koslowski, S. Blum, I. Dobrotić, G. Kaufman, & P. Moss (Eds.), International review of leave policies and research 2020. https://www.leavenetwork.org/annual-review-reports/.
  • Bünning, M. (2015). What happens after the ‘daddy months’? Fathers’ involvement in paid work, childcare, and housework after taking parental leave in Germany. European Sociological Review, 31(6), 738–748. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv072
  • Byun, S.-Y., & Won, S.-Y. (2019). Are they ideological renegades? Fathers’ experiences on taking parental leave and gender dynamics in Korea: A qualitative study. Gender, Work & Organization, 27(4), 592–614. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12410
  • Choi, S., Joung, E. H., & Choi, S. (2019a). Experiences of fathers taking paternity leave. Health and Social Welfare Review, 39(4), 280–313. https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2019.39.3.280
  • Choi, S., Joung, E. H., & Choi, S. (2019b). Mandatory parental leave for fathers and the emergence of a working dad. Family and Culture, 31(4), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.21478/family.31.4.201912.001
  • Dearing, H. (2016). Gender equality in the division of work: How to assess European leave policies regarding their compliance with an ideal leave model. Journal of European Social Policy, 26(3), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928716642951
  • Deutsch, F. M. (2007). Undoing gender. Gender & Society, 21(1), 106–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243206293577
  • Deutsch, F. M., & Gaunt, R. A. (2020). Past and current research. In F. M. Deutsch & R. A. Gaunt (Eds.), Creating equality at home: How 25 couples around the world share housework and childcare (pp. 8–28). Cambridge University Press.
  • Doucet, A., Lero, D. S., McKay, L., & Tremblay, D.-G. (2021). Canada country note. In A. Koslowski, S. Blum, I. Dobrotić, G. Kaufman, & P. Moss (Eds.), International review of leave policies and research 2021. https://www.leavenetwork.org/annual-reviewreports/.
  • Doucet, A., & McKay, L. (2020). Fathering, parental leave, impacts, and gender equality: What/how are we measuring? International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(5/6), 441–463. doi:10.1108/IJSSP-04-2019-0086
  • Duvander, A.-Z., Lappegård, T., Andersen, S. N., Garðarsdóttir, Ó., Neyer, G., & Viklund, I. (2019). Parental leave policies and continued childbearing in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Demographic Research, 40(51), 1501–1528. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2019.40.51
  • Duvander, A.-Z., Lappegård, T., & Andersson, G. (2010). Family policy and fertility: Fathers’ and mothers’ use of parental leave and continued childbearing in Norway and Sweden. Journal of European Social Policy, 20(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928709352541. http://esp.sagepub.com.
  • Duvander, A.-Z., & Löfgren, N. (2021). Sweden country note. In A. Koslowski, S. Blum, I. Dobrotić, G. Kaufman, & P. Moss (Eds.), International review of leave policies and research 2021. http://www.leavenetwork.org/lp_and_r_reports/.
  • Engeman, C., & Burman, S. (2022). Signs of the gender revolution’s second phase? Historical and cross-national development of fathers’ leave provisions. Social Policy & Administration, 1–16. https://doi-org.gate3.library.lse.ac.uk/10.1111/spol.12882.
  • Evertsson, M., Boye, K., & Erman, J. (2018). Fathers on call? A study on the sharing of care work between parents in Sweden. Demographic Research, 39(2), 33–60. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.2
  • Eydal, G. B., & Gíslason, I. V. (2021). Iceland country note. In A. Koslowski, S. Blum, I. Dobrotić, G. Kaufman, & P. Moss (Eds.), International review of leave policies and research 2021. https://www.leavenetwork.org/annual-review-reports/.
  • Fernández-Cornejo, J. A., Escot, L., Del-Pozo, E., & Castellanos-Serrano, C. (2016). Do fathers who took childbirth leave become more involved in their children’s care? The case of Spain. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 47(2), 169–191. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.47.2.169
  • Fraser, N. (1994). After the family wage: Gender equity and the welfare state. Political Theory, 22(4), 591–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591794022004003
  • Goldscheider, F., Bernhardt, E., & Lappegård, T. (2015). The gender revolution: A framework for understanding changing family and demographic behavior. Population and Development Review, 41(2), 207–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2015.00045.x
  • Haas, L., & Hwang, P. (2008). The impact of taking parental leave on fathers’ participation in childcare and relationships with children: Lessons from Sweden. Community, Work & Family, 11(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800701785346
  • Haas, L., & Hwang, P. (2019). Policy is not enough—the influence of the gendered workplace on fathers’ use of parental leave in Sweden. Community, Work & Family, 22(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2018.1495616
  • Harvey, V. e., & Tremblay, D.-G. (2019). The workplace: Challenges for fathers and their use of leave. In P. Moss, A.-Z. Duvander, & A. Koslowski (Eds.), Parental leave and beyond (pp. 223–240). Polity Press. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338772.003.0013.
  • Hong, S. A. (2018). Men’s use of parental leave and the workplace culture. Gender and Culture, 11(1), 145–183. https://doi.org/10.20992/gc.2018.6.11.1.145
  • Hosking, A., Whitehouse, G., & Baxter, J. (2010). Duration of leave and resident fathers’ involvement in infant care in Australia. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(5), 1301–1316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00766.x
  • Huerta, M. C., Adema, W., Baxter, J., Han, W.-J., Lausten, M., Lee, R., & Waldfogel, J. (2014). Fathers’ leave, fathers’ involvement and child development: Are they related? Evidence from four OECD countries. European Journal of Social Security, 16(4), 308–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/138826271401600403.
  • Ito, D., & Todoroki, M. (2021). Evaluating the quality of online survey data collected in 2018 in the USA: Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. International Journal of Japanese Sociology, 30(1), 140–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijjs.12117
  • Kan, M.-Y., & Hertog, E. (2017). Domestic division of labour and fertility preferences in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Demographic Research, 36(18), 557–588. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.18
  • Kang, H.-K. (2013). Men’s experiences of child rearing in parental leave system & change of gender relationship: Through the practice of men’s child rearing. Women’s Studies Review, 30(2), 133–167. https://doi.org/10.18341/wsr.2013.30.2.133
  • Kim, J. W., & Kwon, J. (2015). A qualitative study on the experience of fathers using parental leave. Korea Social Policy Review, 22(3), 265–302. https://doi.org/10.17000/kspr.22.3.201509.265
  • Kim, S., & Kim, Y. (2015). The effect of fathers’ parental leave on gender role attitudes. Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies, 46(4), 285–319. https://doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2015.46.4.285
  • Kim, Y.-J., & Kim, S. (2019). Relational ethics as a cultural constraint on fathers’ parental leave in a Cofucian welfare state, South Korea. Social Policy & Administration, 54(5), 684–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12565
  • Kluve, J., & Tamm, M. (2013). Parental leave regulations, mothers’ labour force attachment and fathers’ childcare involvement: Evidence from a natural experiment. Journal of Population Economics, 26(3), 983–1005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-012-0404-1
  • Koslowski, A. (2021). Capturing the gender gap in the scope of parenting related leave policies across nations. Social Inclusion, 9(2), 250–261. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i2.3852
  • Koslowski, A., Blum, S., Dobrotić, I., Kaufman, G., & Moss, P. (2021). 17th International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2021. www.leavenetwork.org/annual-review-reports/review-2021/. https://doi.org/10.18445/20210817-144100-0.
  • Kotsadam, A., & Finseraas, H. (2011). The state intervenes in the battle of the sexes: Causal effects of paternity leave. Social Science Research, 40(6), 1611–1622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.06.011
  • Lee, Y. (2022a). Is leave for fathers pronatalist? A mixed-methods study of the impact of fathers’ uptake of parental leave on couples’ childbearing intentions in South Korea. Population Research and Policy Review, 41(4), 1471–1500. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-022-09697-4.
  • Lee, Y. (2022b). Norms about childcare, working hours, and fathers’ uptake of parental leave in South Korea. Community, Work & Family, 1–26. http://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2022.2031889
  • Ma, L., Andersson, G., Duvander, A.-Z., & Evertsson, M. (2020). Fathers’ uptake of parental leave: Forerunners and laggards in Sweden, 1993-2020. Journal of Social Policy, 49(2), 361–381. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279419000230
  • Marynissen, L., Mussino, E., Wood, J., & Duvander, A.-Z. (2019). Fathers’ parental leave uptake in Belgium and Sweden: Self-evident or subject to employment characteristics? Social Sciences, 8(11), 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8110312
  • Miller, T. (2010). Making Sense of Fatherhood: Gender, Caring and Work. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511778186.
  • Ministry of Employment and Labour. (2020). 2020 Press release on fathers on parental leave.
  • Na, S.-E. (2014). Men’s care involves and the construction of equal parenting between genders: Focusing on the experience of parental leave. Issues in Feminism, 14(2), 71–112.
  • Nakazato, H. (2017). Fathers on leave alone in Japan: The lived experiences of the pioneers. In M. O’Brien, & K. Wall (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on work-life balance and gender equality: Fathers on leave alone (pp. 231–255). Springer Open.
  • Nakazato, H., Nishimura, J., & Takezawa, J. (2021). Japan country note. In A. Koslowski, S. Blum, I. Dobrotić, G. Kaufmann, & P. Moss (Eds.), International review of leave policies and research 2021. https://www.leavenetwork.org/annual-review-reports/.
  • National Assembly Budget Office. (2019). An analysis of the characteristics and projections of financing for childcare support projects.
  • Nepomnyaschy, L., & Waldfogel, J. (2007). Paternity leave and fathers’ involvement with their young children: Evidence from the American Ecls-B. Community, Work & Family, 10(4), 427–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800701575077
  • NOSOCO (Nordic Statistical Committee). (2017). Social protection in the Nordic countries: scope, expenditure and financing.
  • O’Brien, M. (2013). Fitting fathers into work-family policies: International challenges in turbulent times. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 33(9-10), 1–28. doi:10.1108/IJSSP-05-2013-0060
  • OECD. (2021a). OECD family database. PF2.1 Key characteristics of parental leave systems. https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/PF2_1_Parental_leave_systems.pdf.
  • OECD. (2021b). Time spent in paid and unpaid work, by sex. https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid = 54757#.
  • Pailhé, A., Solaz, A., & Tô, M. (2018). Can daddies learn how to change nappies? Evidence from a short paternity leave policy. Working Papers 240. French Institute for Demographic Studies.
  • Patnaik, A. (2019). Reserving time for daddy: The consequences of fathers’ quotas. Journal of Labor Economics, 37(4), 1009–1059. https://doi.org/10.1086/703115
  • Petts, R. J., & Knoester, C. (2018). Paternity leave-taking and father engagement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(5), 1144–1162. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12494
  • Pragg, B., & Knoester, C. (2017). Parental leave use among disadvantaged fathers. Journal of Family Issues, 38(8), 1157–1185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15623585
  • Ray, R., Gornick, J. C., & Schmitt, J. (2010). Who cares? Assessing generosity and gender equality in parental leave policy designs in 21 countries. Journal of European Social Policy, 20(3), 196–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928710364434
  • Reimer, T., Blum, S., Erler, D., & Schober, P. (2021). Germany country note. In A. Koslowski, S. Blum, I. Dobrotić, G. Kaufman, & P. Moss (Eds.), International review of leave policies and research 2021. https://www.leavenetwork.org/annual-review-reports/.
  • Risman, B. J. (2009). From doing to undoing: Gender as we know it. Gender & Society, 23(1), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243208326874
  • Schober, P. S. (2014). Parental leave and domestic work of mothers and fathers: A longitudinal study of two reforms in West Germany. Journal of Social Policy, 43(2), 351–372. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279413000809
  • Statistics Korea. (2020). Parental leave statistics (tentative) http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/1/index.board?bmode = read&aSeq = 386975.
  • Statistics Korea. (2021). Household finances and living conditions study. https://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd = 2762.
  • Sullivan, O. (2013). What do we learn about gender by analyzing housework separately from child care? Some considerations from time-use evidence. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5(2), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12007
  • Tamm, M. (2019). Fathers’ parental leave-taking, childcare involvement and labour market participation. Labour Economics, 59, 184–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2019.04.007
  • Tanaka, S., & Waldfogel, J. (2007). Effects of parental leave and work hours on fathers’ involvement with their babies: Evidence from the millennium cohort study. Community, Work & Family, 10(4), 409–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800701575069
  • Wall, K., & O’Brien, M. (2017). Discussion and conclusion. In M. O’Brien & K. Wall (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on work-life balance and gender equality: Fathers on leave alone (pp. 257–266). Springer Open.
  • West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243287001002002
  • Wray, D. (2020). Paternity leave and fathers’ responsibility: Evidence from a natural experiment in Canada. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(2), 534–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12661