Scale-dependence in geographic variation in a freshwater gastropod across the Palearctic

References

• Andreeva, S.I., Andreev, N.I. & Vinarski, M.V. (2010) Key to Freshwater Gastropods of Western Siberia (Mollusca: Gastropoda). V. 1. Gastropoda: Pulmonata. Fasc. 1. Families Acroloxidae and Lymnaeidae. The authors, Omsk. (In Russian).
   Google Scholar
• Angiletta, M.J., Todd, D. & Sears, M.W. (2004) Temperature, growth rate, and body size in ectotherms: fitting pieces of a life-history puzzle. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44, 498–509. doi: 10.1093/icb/44.6.498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakelova, E.S. (1986) Dependence of freshwater pulmonate gastropods embryonic development on temperature. Zhurnal Obshchey Biologii 47, 128–135. (In Russian).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson, D. (1994) Temperature and organism size: a biological law for ectotherms? Advances in Ecological Research 25, 1–58. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60212-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson, C.A.L., Julian, J.P. & Vaughn, C.C. (2012) Scale-dependent longitudinal patterns in mussel communities. Freshwater Biology 57, 2272–2284. doi: 10.1111/fwb.12001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azovsky, A.I. (2000) Concept of scale in marine ecology: linking the words or the worlds? Web Ecology 1, 28–34. doi: 10.5194/we-1-28-2000
   Google Scholar
• Beriozkina, G.V. & Starobogatov, Ya.I. (1988). Reproductive ecology and egg clusters of freshwater Pulmonata. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR 174, 1–306. (In Russian).
   Google Scholar
• Bertin, A., Ruíz, V.H., Figueroa, R. & Gouin, N. (2012) The role of spatial processes and environmental determinants in microgeographic shell variation of the freshwater snail Chilina dombeyana (Bruguière, 1789). Naturwissenschaften 99, 225–232. doi: 10.1007/s00114-012-0890-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blanckenhorn, W.U. & Demont, M. (2004) Bergmann and converse Bergmann latitudinal clines in arthropods: two ends of a сontinuum? Integrative and Comparative Biology 44, 413–424. doi: 10.1093/icb/44.6.413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boucquet-Appel, J.-P. & Sokal, R.R. (1989) Spatial autocorrelation analysis of trend residuals in biological data. Systematic Zoology 38, 333–341. doi: 10.2307/2992399
   Google Scholar
• Brown, D.S. (1994) Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance, 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
   Google Scholar
• Burch, J.B. (1989) North American Freshwater Snails. Malacological Publications, Hamburg (Michigan).
   Google Scholar
• Chapuis, E., Trouve, S., Facon, B., Degen, L. & Goudet, J. (2007) High quantitative and no molecular differentiation of a freshwater snail (Galba truncatula) between temporary and permanent water habitats. Molecular Ecology 16, 3484–3496. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03386.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chave, J. (2013) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: what have we learned in 20 years? Ecology Letters 16(s1), 4–16. doi: 10.1111/ele.12048
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clench, W.J. (1954) Malacology: the occurrence of clines in molluscan populations. Systematic Zoology 3, 122–125. doi: 10.2307/2411586
   Google Scholar
• Climo, F.M. & Pullan, N.B. (1972) A taxonomic review of the family Lymnaeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 2, 5–13. doi: 10.1080/03036758.1972.10423300
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, G.M. & Shurin, J.B. (2003) Scale-dependence and mechanisms of dispersal in freshwater zooplankton. Oikos 103, 603–617. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12660.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correa, A.C., Escobar, J.S., Durand, P., Renaud, F., David, P., Jarne, P., Pointier, J.-P. & Hurtrez-Boussèz, S. (2010) Bridging gaps in the molecular phylogeny of the Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), vectors of fascioliasis. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, 381. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman, S.A. & Landguth, E.L. (2010) Scale dependent inference in landscape genetics. Landscape Ecology 25, 969–979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Bini, L.M. & Hawkins, B.A. (2003) Spatial autocorrelation and red herrings in geographical ecology. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12, 53–64. doi: 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00322.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand, P., Pointier, J.P., Escoubeyrou, K., Arenas J.A., Yong, M., Amarista, M., Bargues, M.D., Mas-Coma, S. & Renaud, F. (2002) Occurrence of a sibling species complex within neotropical lymnaeids, snail intermediate hosts of fascioliasis. Acta Tropica 83, 233–240. doi: 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00128-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutilleul, P., Clifford, P., Richardson, S. & Hemon, D. (1993) Modifying the t test for assessing the correlation between two spatial processes. Biometrics 49, 305–314. doi: 10.2307/2532625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortin, M.J. & Dale, M.R.T. (2005) Spatial Analysis: A Guide for Ecologists. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Glöer, P. (2002) Die Sußwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungschlussel, Lebenweise, Verbreitung. Conchbooks, Hackenheim.
   Google Scholar
• Goodfriend, G.A. (1986) Variation in land-snail shell form and size and its causes: a review. Systematic Zoology 35, 204–223. doi: 10.2307/2413431
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A.T. & Ryan, P.D. (2001) PAST: Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Hausdorf, B. (2003) Latitudinal and altitudinal body size variation among northwest European land snail species. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12, 389–394. doi: 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00050.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausdorf, B. (2006) Is the interspecific variation of body size of land snails correlated with rainfall in Israel and Palestine? Acta Oecologica 30, 374–379. doi: 10.1016/j.actao.2006.06.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, B.A. & Diniz-Filho, J.A.F. (2004) ‘Latitude’ and geographic patterns in species richness. Ecography 27, 268–272. doi: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03883.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hengeveld, R. (1987) Scales of variation: their distinction and ecological importance. Annales Zoologici Fennici 24, 195–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hershler, R. & Mindley, W.L. (1986) Microgeographic variation in the banded spine snail (Hydrobiidae; Mexipyrgus) from the Cuatro Cienegas basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Malacologia 27, 357–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubendick, B. (1951) Recent Lymnaeidae. Their variation, morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution. Kunglike Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, fourth series 3, 1–223.
   Google Scholar
• Kingsolver, J.G. & Huey, R.B. (2008) Size, temperature, and fitness: three rules. Evolutionary Ecology Research 10, 251–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotsakiozi, P., Rigal, F., Valakos, E.D. & Parmakelis, A. (2013) Disentangling the effects of intraspecies variability, phylogeny, space, and climate on the evolution of shell morphology in endemic Greek land snails of the genus Codringtonia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 110, 796–813. doi: 10.1111/bij.12169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlovskaya, L.S. (1961) The principal stages of formation of the Quaternary fauna of freshwater mollusks of the Russian plain. In: Shantser, E.V. (Ed), Materials of the All-Union Meetings on the Quaternary research, Vol. 1. The Soviet Academy of Sciences Press, Moscow, pp. 336–341 [In Russian].
   Google Scholar
• Kramarenko, S.S. (2016) Patterns of spatio-temporal variation in land snails: a multi-scale approach. Folia Malacologica 24, 111–177. doi: 10.12657/folmal.024.008
   Google Scholar
• Krasnov, B.R., Vinarski, M.V., Korallo-Vinarskaya, N.P. & Khokhlova, I.S. (2013) Ecological correlates of body size in gamasid mites parasitic on small mammals: abundance and niche breadth. Ecography 36, 1042–1050. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.00140.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruglov, N.D. & Starobogatov, Ya.I. (1985) The volume of the subgenus Galba and of other similar subgenera of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 64, 24–35. [In Russian]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruglov, N.D. & Starobogatov, Ya.I. (1993) Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part 1. Ruthenica: Russian Malacological Journal 3, 65–91.
   Google Scholar
• Kryštufek, B., Klenovšek, T., Amori, G. & Janžekovič, F. (2015) Captured in ‘continental archipelago’: phylogenetic and environmental framework of cranial variation in the European snow vole. Journal of Zoology 297, 270–277. doi: 10.1111/jzo.12274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, S.A. (1992) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: the Robert H. MacArthur award lecture. Ecology 73, 1943–1967. doi: 10.2307/1941447
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meiri, S. (2011) Bergmann’s rule—what’s in a name? Global Ecology and Biogeography 20, 203–207. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00577.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nekola, J., Barker, G., Cameron, R.A.D. & Pokryszko, B.M. (2014) Latitudinal and longitudinal variation of body size in land snail populations and communities. In: Smith, F.A. & Lyons, K. (Eds), Animal Body Size: Linking Pattern and Process across Space, Time, and Taxonomic Group. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 72–92.
   Google Scholar
• Nosil, P., Egan, S.P. & Funk, D.J. (2008) Heterogeneous genomic differentiation between walking-stick ecotypes: “Isolation by adaptation” and multiple roles for divergent selection. Evolution 62, 316–336. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00299.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Økland, J. (1990) Lakes and Snails. Environment and Gastropoda in 1,500 Norwegian Lakes, Ponds and Rivers. Universal Book Services; W. Backhuys, Oegstgeest.
   Google Scholar
• Peake, J. (1978) Distribution and ecology of the Stylommatophora. In: Fretter, V., Peake, J. (Eds), Pulmonates. Vol. 2A. Systematics, Evolution and Ecology. Academic Press, London, pp. 429–526.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, B.G. (1938) Biometrical observations on shells of Limnaea species. Journal of Helminthology 16, 181–212. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X00018587
   Google Scholar
• Pointier, J.P., Noya, O., Alarcón de Noya, B. & Théron, A. (2009) Distribution of Lymnaeidae (Mollusca: Pulmonata), intermediate snail hosts of Fasciola hepatica in Venezuela. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 104, 790–796. doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762009000500022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popova, S.V. (1981) The Cenozoic Continental Malacofauna of Southern Siberia and Adjacent Areas. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
   Google Scholar
• Rangel, T.F.L.V.B., Diniz-Filho, J.A.F. & Bini, L.M. (2006) Towards an integrated computational tool for spatial analysis in macroecology and biogeography. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15, 321–327. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00237.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rangel, T.F., Diniz-Filho, J.A.F. & Bini, L.M. (2010) SAM: a comprehensive application for Spatial Analysis in Macroecology. Ecography 33, 46–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.06299.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell-Hunter, W.D. (1978). Ecology of freshwater pulmonates. In: Fretter, V. & Peake, J. (Eds), Pulmonates, vol. 2A. Academic Press, London, pp. 335–383.
   Google Scholar
• Sandel, B. (2015) Towards a taxonomy of spatial scale-dependence. Ecography 38, 358–369. doi: 10.1111/ecog.01034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadnichenko, A.P. (2004) Pond Snails and Limpet Snails (Lymnaeidae and Acroloxidae) of Ukraine. Tsentr uchebnoj literatury, Kiev. (In Russian).
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, R.D., Johnson, M.E. & McCulloch, E.S. (2016) Geographic variation of wing morphology of great fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus): environmental, genetic and spatial correlates of phenotypic differences. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 118, 734–744. doi: 10.1111/bij.12787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn, C.C. & Spooner, D.E. (2006) Scale-dependent associations between native freshwater mussels and invasive Corbicula. Hydrobiologia 568, 331–339. doi: 10.1007/s10750-006-0210-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinarski, M.V. (2012a) Geographical variability in freshwater mollusks. Biology Bulletin Reviews 2, 390–399. doi: 10.1134/S2079086412050088
   Google Scholar
• Vinarski, M.V. (2012b) The problem of geographical variation in freshwater gastropods. In: Fedorov, A. & Yakovlev, H. (Eds), Mollusks: Morphology, Behavior and Ecology. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge (NY), pp. 181–208.
   Google Scholar
• Vinarski, M.V. (2014a) On the applicability of Bergmann’s rule to ectotherms: the state of the art. Biology Bulletin Reviews 4, 232–242. doi: 10.1134/S2079086414030098
   Google Scholar
• Vinarski, M.V. (2014b) A comparative study of shell variation in two morphotypes of Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Studies 53, 540. doi:10.1186/s40555-014-0069-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinarski, M.V., Andreev, N.I. & Karimov, A.V. (2007) Latitudinal variation in size of freshwater pulmonate mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in Western Siberia. Russian Journal of Ecology 38, 341–346. doi: 10.1134/S1067413607050086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, I.J. & Bradburd, G.S. (2014) Isolation by environment. Molecular Ecology 23, 5649–5662. doi: 10.1111/mec.12938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerlund, C.A. (1885) Fauna der in der Paläarktischen Region (Europa, Kaukasien, Sibirien, Turan, Persien, Kurdistan, Armenien, Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Arabien, Egypten, Tripolis, Tunisien, Algerien und Marocco) lebenden Binnenconchylien. V. Fam. Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Cyclostomidae und Hydrocenidae. H. Ohlsson, Lund.
   Google Scholar
• Zhadin, V.I. (1952) Fresh- and Brackish-Water Mollusks of the USSR. Sovetskaya Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
   Google Scholar