Can body appreciation buffer the association between external and internal shame experiences with eating psychopathology?

References

• Andrew, R., Tiggemann, M., & Clark, L. (2015). The protective role of body appreciation against media-induced body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 15, 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avalos, L., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The body appreciation scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2(3), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buote, V. M., Wilson, A. E., Strahan, E. J., Gazzola, S. B., & Papps, F. (2011). Setting the bar: Divergent sociocultural norms for women’s and men’s ideal appearance in real-world contexts. Body Image, 8(4), 322–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S., & Aiken, L. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Duarte, C., Ferreira, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2016). At the core of eating disorders: Overvaluation, social rank, self-criticism and shame in anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 66, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2017). The impact of early shame memories in binge eating disorder: The mediator effect of current body image shame and cognitive fusion. Psychiatry Research, 258(August), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.086
   Google Scholar
• Duarte, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Ferreira, C. (2014). Escaping from body image shame and harsh self-criticism: Exploration of underlying mechanisms of binge eating. Eating Behaviors, 15(4), 638–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Ferreira, C., & Batista, D. (2015). Body image as a source of shame: A new measure for the assessment of the multifaceted nature of body image shame. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(6), 656–666. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairburn, C. G., & Beglin, S. J. (1994). Assessment of eating disorders: Interview of self-report questionnaire? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16(4), 363–370. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098–108X(199412)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, C., Matos, M., Duarte, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2014). Shame memories and eating psychopathology: The buffering effect of self-compassion. European Eating Disorders Review, 22(6), 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, C., Moura-Ramos, M., Matos, M., & Galhardo, A. (2020). A new measure to assess external and internal shame: Development, factor structure and psychometric properties of the External and Internal Shame Scale. Current Psychology, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00709-0
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2013a). Physical appearance as a measure of social ranking: The role of a new scale to understand the relationship between weight and dieting. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 20(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2013b). Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 14(2), 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee, A., & Troop, N. A. (2003). Shame, depressive symptoms and eating, weight and shape concerns in a non-clinical sample. Eating and Weight Disorders, 8(1), 72–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324992
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilbert, P. (1998). What is shame? Some core issues and controversies. In P. Gilbert & B. Andrews (Eds.), Shame: Interpersonal behaviour, psychopathology and culture (pp. 3–36). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P. (2002). Body shame: A biopsychosocial conceptualization and overview with treatment implications. In P. Gilbert & J. Miles (Eds.), Body shame: Conceptualisation, research and treatment (pp. 3–54). BrunnerRoutledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P. (2007). The evolution of shame as a marker for relationship security. In J. Tracy, R. Robins, & J. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 283–309). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13(6), 353–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gois, A. C., Ferreira, C., & Mendes, A. L. (2018). Steps toward understanding the impact of early emotional experiences on disordered eating: The role of self-criticism, shame, and body image shame. Appetite, 125, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goss, K., & Gilbert, P. (2002). Eating disorders, shame and pride: A cognitive-behavioural functional analysis. In P. Gilbert & J. Miles (Eds.), Body shame: Conceptualisation, research and treatment (pp. 213–255). BrunnerRoutledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goss, K., & Allan, S. (2009). Shame, pride and eating disorders. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 16(4), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell, E. (2015). Future directions for positive body image research. Body Image, 14, 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011). Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 68–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liechty, T., & Yarnal, C. M. (2010). Older women’s body image: A lifecourse perspective. Ageing and Society, 30(7), 1197–1218. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10000346
   Google Scholar
• Machado, P., Martins, C., Vaz, A. R., Conceição, E., Bastos, A. P., & Gonçalves, S. (2014). Eating disorder examination questionnaire: Psychometric properties and norms for the Portuguese population. European Eating Disorders Review, 22(6), 448–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marta-Simões, J., & Ferreira, C. (2019). Turning self-compassionate engagement into action: Impact on body appreciation among Portuguese women. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 11, 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marta-Simões, J., Ferreira, C., & Mendes, A. L. (2016). Exploring the effect of external shame on body appreciation among Portuguese young adults: The role of self-compassion. Eating Behaviors, 23, 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marta-Simões, J., Mendes, A. L., Trindade, I. A., Oliveira, S., & Ferreira, C. (2016). Validation of the body appreciation scale-2 for Portuguese women [abstract proceeding]. BMC Health Services Research, 16, 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1423-5
   Google Scholar
• Matos, M., Ferreira, C., Duarte, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2015). Eating disorders: When social rank perceptions are shaped by early shame experiences. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 88(1), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Máximo, A., Ferreira, C., & Marta-Simões, J. (2017). Ações autocompassivas e comportamento alimentar perturbado em mulheres: O efeito mediador da apreciação da imagem corporal. Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social, 3(2), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2017.3.2.58
   Google Scholar
• McGuinness, S., & Taylor, J. E. (2016). Understanding body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating in midlife adults. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 45(1), 4–12. https://www.psychology.org.nz/journal-archive/NZJP-Vol-44-No-1-April-2016.pdf#page=4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menzel, J. E., Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Mayhew, L. L., Brannick, M. T., & Thompson, J. K. (2010). Appearance related teasing, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating: A meta-analysis. Body Image, 7(4), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, S., Ferreira, C., & Mendes, A. L. (2017). Memórias precoces de calor e segurança e a psicopatologia alimentar: O papel do social safeness e da body appreciation. Psychologica, 45–60. https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-8606_59_2_3
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, V. R., Ferreira, C., Mendes, A. L., & Marta-Simões, J. (2017). Shame and eating psychopathology in Portuguese women: Exploring the roles of self-judgment and fears of receiving compassion. Appetite, 110, 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto-Gouveia, J., Ferreira, C., & Duarte, C. (2014). Thinness in the pursuit for social safeness: An integrative model of social rank mentality to explain eating psychopathology. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21(2), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poínhos, R., Franchini, B., Afonso, C., Correia, F., Teixeira, V. H., Moreira, P., & Almeida, M. D. V. (2009). Alimentação e estilos de vida da população Portuguesa: Metodologia e resultados preliminares. Alimentação Humana, 15(3), 43–60.
   Google Scholar
• Schoenefeld, S. J., & Webb, J. B. (2013). Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: Examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action. Eating Behaviors, 14(4), 493–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangney, J., & Dearing, R. (2002). Shame and guilt. Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The body appreciation scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 12, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2011). World health statistics. http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS2011_Full.pdf
   Google Scholar