The Bergen–Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS): longitudinal measurement invariance across a two-year interval

References

• Al-Samarraie, H., Bello, K. A., Alzahrani, A. I., Smith, A. P., & Emele, C. (2021). Young users’ social media addiction: Causes, consequences and preventions. Information Technology & People, 35(7), 2314–2343. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-11-2020-0753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education, Joint Committee on Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (U.S.). (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. AERA.
   Google Scholar
• Andreassen, C. S. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0056-9
   Google Scholar
• Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreassen, C. S. & Pallesen, S. (2014). Social network site addiction-an overview. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(25), 4053–4061. https://doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asamoah, M. K. (2019). The two side coin of the online social media: Eradicating the negatives and augmenting the positives. International Journal of Ethics Education, 4(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40889-018-0062-6
   Google Scholar
• Bányai, F., Zsila, Á., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Andreassen, C. S., & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. Public Library of Science One, 12(1), e0169839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169839
   Google Scholar
• Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1986). Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet, 327(8476), 307–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bland, J. M. & Altman, D. G. (1999). Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 8(2), 135–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/096228029900800204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C., Lau, Y. C., Chan, L., & Luk, J. W. (2021). Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values. Addictive Behaviors, 117, 106845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, I. H., Strong, C., Lin, Y. C., Tsai, M. C., Leung, H., Lin, C. Y., Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Time invariance of three ultra-brief internet-related instruments: Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF9) (Study Part B). Addictive Behaviors, 101, 105960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths, M. D. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659890500114359
   Google Scholar
• Huang, C. (2022). A meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(1), 12–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020978434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitgöb, H., Seddig, D., Schmidt, P., Sosu, E., Davidov, E., Cernat, A., & Sakshaug, J. W. (2021). Longitudinal measurement (non) invariance in latent constructs. In A. Cernat & J. W. Sakshaug (Eds.), Measurement error in longitudinal data (pp. 211–258). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859987.003.0010
   Google Scholar
• Lin, C.-Y., Broström, A., Nilsen, P., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2017). Psychometric validation of the Persian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale using classic test theory and Rasch models. Journal of Behavioral Addiction, 6(4), 620–629. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, T., Qin, L., Cheng, L., Wang, S., Zhu, Z., Xu, J., Chen, H., Liu, Q., Hu, M., Tong, J., Hao, W., Wei, B., & Liao, Y. (2021). Determination the cut-off point for the Bergen social media addiction (BSMAS): Diagnostic contribution of the six criteria of the components model of addiction for social media disorder. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lüscher, C., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (2020). The transition to compulsion in addiction. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 21(5), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-020-0289-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, R. B. & Wright, D. W. (1995). Detecting and correcting attrition bias in longitudinal family research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(4), 921–929. https://doi.org/10.2307/353412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, M. M., Fahmy, C., Clark, K. J., & Pyrooz, D. C. (2022). Non-random study attrition: Assessing correction techniques and the magnitude of bias in a longitudinal study of reentry from prison. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 38(3), 755–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-021-09516-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monacis, L., De Palo, V., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2017). Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 178–186. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K. & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus Version 7 user’s guide. Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• Rhemtulla, M., Brosseau-Liard, P. É., & Savalei, V. (2012). When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 354. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23–74.
   Google Scholar
• Shin, N. Y. (2022). Psychometric properties of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale in Korean young adults. Psychiatry Investigation, 19(5), 356–361. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrout, P. E. & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 420–428. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soper, D. S. (2022). A-priori sample size calculator for structural equation models. [Software]. Available from https://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
   Google Scholar
• Statista. (2023). Social media usage worldwide. https://www.statista.com/study/12393/social-networks-statista-dossier/
   Google Scholar
• Walker, M. B. (1989). Some problems with the concept of “gambling addiction”: Should theories of addiction be generalized to include excessive gambling? Journal of Gambling Behavior, 5(3), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024386
   Google Scholar
• Zarate, D., Hobson, B. A., March, E., Griffiths, M. D., & Stavropoulos, V. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale: An analysis using item response theory. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 17, 100473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100473
   PubMedGoogle Scholar