327
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Collapse probability of soft-storey building in Australia and implications for risk-based seismic design

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 307-319 | Received 28 Aug 2020, Accepted 01 Sep 2020, Published online: 23 Oct 2020

References

  • AS 1170.4. 2007. Structural Design Actions, Part 4: Earthquake Actions in Australia. Sydney, Australia: Standards Australia.
  • AS/NZS 1170.0. 2002. Structural Design Actions, Part 0: General Principles. Sydney, Australia and Standards New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand: Standards Australia.
  • ASCE/SEI 7–10. 2010. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. Reston, Virginia, U.S: Structural Engineering Institute (SEI), the American Society of Civil Engineers.
  • ATC. 1997. “NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMA Publication 273).” In Prepared by Applied Technology Council (ATC) for the Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC). Washington, D.C., U.S.
  • ATC. 2009. “Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors (FEMA P-695).” In Prepared by Applied Technology Council (ATC) for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), Washington, D.C., U.S.
  • Bommer, J. J., and R. Pinho. 2005. “Adapting Earthquake Actions in Eurocode 8 for Performance-based Seismic Design.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 35 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/eqe.530.
  • Crowley, H., B. Polidoro, R. Pinho, and J. van Elk. 2017. “Framework for Developing Fragility and Consequence Models for Local Personal Risk.” Earthquake Spectra 33 (4): 1325–1345. doi:10.1193/083116eqs140m.
  • Crowley, H., V. Silva, I. E. Bal, and R. Pinho 2012. “Calibration of Seismic Design Codes Using Loss Estimation.” In Proceedings of 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, paper no. 4891.
  • Crowley, H., V. Silva, and L. Martins (2018). “Seismic Design Code Calibration Based on Individual and Societal Risk.” In Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, June 18–21, 2018. Thessa-loniki, Greece.
  • Dolšek, M. 2015. EAEE Working Group 1: Future Directions for Eurocode 8 - Chapter 4: Performance Objectives. Slovenia: University of Ljubljana.
  • Dolšek, M., N. L. Sinković, and J. Žižmond. 2017. “IM-based and EDP-based Decision Models for the Verification of the Seismic Collapse Safety of Buildings.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 46 (15): 2665–2682.
  • Douglas, J., and A. Gkimprixis. 2018. “Risk Targeting in Seismic Design Codes: The State of the Art, Outstanding Issues and Possible Paths Forward.” In Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment, edited by R. Vacareanu and C. Ionescu, 211–223. Springer, Cham: Springer Natural Hazards.
  • Douglas, J., T. Ulrich, and C. Negulescu. 2013. “Risk-targeted Seismic Design Maps for Mainland France.” Natural Hazards 65 (3): 1999–2013. doi:10.1007/s11069-012-0460-6.
  • EN 1998–1. 2004. Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance – Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings. Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardisation.
  • EN 1998–3. 2005. Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance – Part 3: Assessment and Retrofitting of Buildings. Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardisation.
  • FEMA, 2012. HAZUS®-MH 2.1, Multi-hazard Loss Estimation Methodology – Earthquake Model. Washington, D.C., U.S: Technical Manual. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
  • Gkimprixis, A., E. Tubaldi, and J. Douglas. 2019. “Comparison of Methods to Develop Risk-targeted Seismic Design Maps.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17 (7): 3727–3752. doi:10.1007/s10518-019-00629-w.
  • Gkimprixis, A., E. Tubaldi, and J. Douglas. 2020. “Evaluating Alternative Approaches for the Seismic Design of Structures.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18 (9): 4331–4361. doi:10.1007/s10518-020-00858-4.
  • Hashemi, M. J., H. H. Tsang, Y. Al-Ogaidi, J. L. Wilson, and R. Al-Mahaidi. 2017. “Collapse Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Building Columns through Multi-Axis Hybrid Simulation.” ACI Structural Journal 114 (2): 437–449.
  • International Building Code (IBC). 2012. International Code Council. Illinois, U.S: Country Club Hill.
  • ISO 2394. 1998. General Principles on Reliability for Structures. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
  • Kafle, B., N. T. K. Lam, E. Lumantarna, E. F. Gad, and J. L. Wilson. 2015. “Overturning of Precast RC Columns in Conditions of Moderate Ground Shaking.” Earthquakes and Structures 8 (1): 1–18. doi:10.12989/eas.2015.8.1.001.
  • Kafle, B., N. T. K. Lam, E. F. Gad, and J. L. Wilson. 2011. “Displacement Controlled Rocking Behaviour of Rigid Objects.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 40 (15): 1653–1669. doi:10.1002/eqe.1107.
  • Liu, X., H. H. Tsang, and J. L. Wilson. 2019. “Seismic Retrofit of Precast Soft-Storey Building Using Diagonal Steel-Shape Memory Alloy Bracing Device: Numerical Investigation.” Advances in Structural Engineering 22 (3): 802–817. doi:10.1177/1369433218800939.
  • Menegon, S. J., H. H. Tsang, E. Lumantarna, N. T. K. Lam, J. L. Wilson, and E. F. Gad. 2019. “Framework for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Australia.” Australian Journal of Structural Engineering 20 (2): 143–158. doi:10.1080/13287982.2019.1611034.
  • National Construction Code of Australia (NCC). 2019. Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
  • Raza, S., H. H. Tsang, S. J. Menegon, and J. L. Wilson. 2019b. “Seismic Performance Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Columns in Regions of Low to Moderate Seismicity.” In Resilient Structures and Infrastructure, edited by E. Noroozinejad Farsangi, I. Takewaki, and T. Y. Yang, 269–286. Springer Nature, Singapore.
  • Raza, S., H. H. Tsang, and J. L. Wilson. 2018. “Unified Models for Post-Peak Failure Drifts of Normal- and High-Strength RC Columns.” Magazine of Concrete Research 70 (21): 1081–1101.
  • Raza, S., M. K. I. Khan, S. J. Menegon, H. H. Tsang, and J. L. Wilson. 2019a. “Strengthening and Repair of Reinforced Concrete Columns by Jacketing: State-of-the-Art Review.” Sustainability 11 (11): 3208. doi:10.3390/su11113208.
  • Raza, S., S. J. Menegon, H. H. Tsang, and J. L. Wilson. 2020a. “Collapse Performance of Limited Ductile High-Strength RC Columns under Unidirectional Cyclic Actions.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 146 (10): 04020201. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002772.
  • Raza, S., S. J. Menegon, H. H. Tsang, and J. L. Wilson. 2020b. “Force-Displacement Behavior of Limited Ductile High-Strength RC Columns under Bidirectional Earthquake Actions.” Engineering Structures 208: 110278. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110278.
  • Raza, S., S. J. Menegon, H. H. Tsang, and J. L. Wilson. 2020c. “Axial Load Variation of Columns in Symmetrical RC Buildings Subject to Bidirectional Lateral Actions in Regions of Low to Moderate Seismicity.” Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 1–29. doi:10.1080/13632469.2020.1772151.
  • SEAOC. 1995. “Vision 2000: Performance Based Seismic Engineering of Buildings.” Vision 2000 Committee. Sacramento, California, U.S: Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC).
  • Silva, V., H. Crowley, and P. Bazzurro. 2016. “Exploring Risk-targeted Hazard Maps for Europe.” Earthquake Spectra 32 (2): 1165–1186. doi:10.1193/112514eqs198m.
  • Sinković, N. L., M. Brozovič, and M. Dolšek. 2016. “Risk-based Seismic Design for Collapse Safety.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 45 (9): 1451–1471. doi:10.1002/eqe.2717.
  • Sinković, N. L., and M. Dolšek. 2020. “Fatality Risk and Its Application to the Seismic Performance Assessment of a Building.” Engineering Structures 205: 110108. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.110108.
  • Somerville, P., J. Bayless, A. Skarlatoudis, and H. K. Thio 2013. “Assessment of Seismic Design Motions at Low Probabilities: Comparing Australia and New Zealand.” In Proceedings of the Australian Earthquake Engineering Conference, November 15–17, 2013. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
  • Tanner, P., R. Hingorani. 2015. ”Acceptable Risks to Persons Associated with Building Structures.“ Structural Concrete 16 (3): 314–322
  • Tsang, H. H. 2011. “Should We Design Buildings for Lower-Probability Earthquake Motion?” Natural Hazards 58 (3): 853–857. doi:10.1007/s11069-011-9802-z.
  • Tsang, H. H. 2019. “Innovative Upscaling of Architectural Elements for Strengthening Building Structures.” Sustainability 11 (9): 2636. doi:10.3390/su11092636.
  • Tsang, H. H., A. M. Chandler, and N. T. K. Lam. 2006a. “Estimating Non-linear Site Response by Single Period Approximation.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 35 (9): 1053–1076. doi:10.1002/eqe.567.
  • Tsang, H. H., A. M. Chandler, and N. T. K. Lam. 2006b. “Simple Models for Estimating Period-Shift and Damping in Soil.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 35 (15): 1925–1947. doi:10.1002/eqe.614.
  • Tsang, H. H., and F. Wenzel. 2016. “Setting Structural Safety Requirement for Controlling Earthquake Mortality Risk.” Safety Science 86: 174–183. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2016.02.028.
  • Tsang, H. H., J. E. Daniell, F. Wenzel, and A. C. Werner. 2018. “A Semi-Probabilistic Procedure for Developing Societal Risk Function.” Natural Hazards 92 (2): 943–969. doi:10.1007/s11069-018-3233-z.
  • Tsang, H. H., J. E. Daniell, F. Wenzel, and J. L. Wilson. 2020. “A Universal Approach for Evaluating Earthquake Safety Level Based on Societal Fatality Risk.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18 (1): 273–296. doi:10.1007/s10518-019-00727-9.
  • Tsang, H. H., J. L. Wilson, and N. T. K. Lam. 2017a. “A Refined Design Spectrum Model for Regions of Lower Seismicity.” Australian Journal of Structural Engineering 18: 3–10. doi:10.1080/13287982.2017.1297529.
  • Tsang, H. H., J. L. Wilson, N. T. K. Lam, and R. K. L. Su. 2017b. “A Design Spectrum Model for Flexible Soil Sites in Regions of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 92: 36–45. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.09.035.
  • Tsang, H. H., M. N. Sheikh, and N. T. K. Lam. 2012. “Modeling Shear Rigidity of Stratified Bedrock in Site Response Analysis.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 34 (1): 89–98. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.10.007.
  • Tsang, H. H., S. J. Menegon, E. Lumantarna, N. T. K. Lam, J. L. Wilson, E. F. Gad, and H. Goldsworthy 2016. “Framework for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Australia.” In Proceedings of the Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2016 Conference, November 25–27, 2016. Melbourne, Australia.
  • Vacareanu, R., F. Pavel, I. Craciun, V. Coliba, C. Arion, A. Aldea, and C. Neagu. 2018. “Risk-targeted Maps for Romania.” Journal of Seismology 22 (2): 407–417. doi:10.1007/s10950-017-9713-x.
  • Wibowo, A., J. L. Wilson, E. F. Gad, N. T. K. Lam, and P. A. Collier. 2011. “Drift Capacity of a Precast Soft-storey Building in Melbourne.” Australian Journal of Structural Engineering 11 (3): 177–193. doi:10.1080/13287982.2010.11465065.
  • Wibowo, A., J. L. Wilson, N. T. K. Lam, and E. F. Gad. 2010. “Collapse Modelling Analysis of a Precast Soft Storey Building in Australia.” Engineering Structures 32: 1925–1936. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.03.003.
  • Zabihi, A., H. H. Tsang, E. F. Gad, and J. L. Wilson. 2018. “Seismic Retrofit of Exterior RC Beam-Column Joint Using Diagonal Haunch.” Engineering Structures 174: 753–767. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.07.100.
  • Žižmond, J., and M. Dolšek. 2019. “Formulation of Risk‐targeted Seismic Action for the Force-based Seismic Design of Structures.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 48 (12): 1406–1428. doi:10.1002/eqe.3206.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.