Comparing chains versus independent hotels based on international sales: an exploratory study

References

• Ayodeji, O. G., & Kumar, V. (2019). Social media analytics: A tool for the success of online retail industry. International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics, 10(1), 79–95. doi:10.1504/IJSOI.2019.100630
   Google Scholar
• Bollazzi, F., Risalvato, G., & Venezia, C. (2019). Asymmetric information and deal selection: Evidence from the Italian venture capital market. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(3), 721–732. doi:10.1007/s11365-018-0539-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booyens, I. (2016). Global-local trajectories for regional competitiveness: Tourism innovation in the western cape. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit, 31(1–2), 142–157. doi:10.1177/0269094215618598
   Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D., & Main, H. (1997). Catalysts in introducing information technology in small and medium-sized hospitality organisations. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 1997 (pp. 275–285).Vienna: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Carvell, S. A., Canina, L., & Sturman, M. C. (2016). A comparison of the performance of brand-affiliated and unaffiliated hotel properties. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 57(2), 193–201. doi:10.1177/1938965516631014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J. J., & Dimou, I. (2005). Expansion strategy of international hotel firms. Journal of Business Research, 58(12), 1730–1740. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.11.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L. F. (2019). Hotel chain affiliation as an environmental performance strategy for luxury hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.08.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, J., Page, S. J., & Meyer, D. (2015). Visitor attractions and events: Responding to seasonality. Tourism Management, 46, 283–298. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contractor, F., & Kundu, S. (1998). Modal choice in a world of alliances: Analyzing organisational forms in the international hotel sector. Journal of International Business Studies, 29(2), 325–358. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coviello, N. E., Brodie, R. J., Danaher, P. J., & Johnston, W. J. (2002). How firms relate to their markets: an empirical examination of contemporary marketing practices. Journal of Marketing, 66(3), 33–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, Y., Veiga, H., & Wiper, M. P. (2019). Efficiency evaluation of hotel chains: A Spanish case study. SERIEs, 10(2), 115–139. doi:10.1007/s13209-019-0188-6
   Google Scholar
• Dimitrić, M., Tomas Žiković, I., & Arbula Blecich, A. (2019). Profitability determinants of hotel companies in selected Mediterranean countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja , 32(1), 1977–1993. doi:10.1080/1331677X.2019.1642785
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driha, O. M., & Ramón, A. (2011). Determinantes en la elección del modo de entrada de las hoteleras españolas en destinos foráneos. Papeles de Economía Española, 128, 296–315.
   Google Scholar
• Dunning, J. H., & McQueen, M. (1981). The eclectic theory of international production: A case study of the international hotel industry. Managerial and Decision Economics, 2(4), 197–210. doi:10.1002/mde.4090020401
   Google Scholar
• Enz, C. A., & Canina, L. (2011). A comparison of the performance of independent and franchise hotels: The first two years of operation. Cornell Hospitality Report, 11(21), 6–13.
   Google Scholar
• European Hotels and Chains Report, Horwath HTL. (2017). Retrieved from http://horwathhtl.com/2017/04/06/european-hotels-chains-report-2017/
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. (2018). Tourism Statistics – intra EU tourism flows. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/34962.pdf Consulted: 15/07/2019.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, B., Li, X., Liu, S., & Fang, D. (2018). How power distance affects online hotel ratings: The positive moderating roles of hotel chain and reviewers’ travel experience. Tourism Management, 65, 176–186. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo-Fitoussi, L., Bounfour, A., & Rekik, S. (2019). Intellectual property rights, complementarity and the firm’s economic performance. International Journal of Intellectual Property Management, 9(2), 136–165.
   Google Scholar
• Holverson, S., & Revaz, F. (2006). Perceptions of European independent hoteliers: Hard and soft branding choices. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(5), 398–413.
   Google Scholar
• Hotel News Now – The 2015 Big Brands Report. Retrieved from: http://www.hotelnewsnow.com/media/File/PDFs/Misc/BIG%20BRANDS%20REPORT%202015_compressed.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Horwath HTL. (2018). European Chains & Hotels Report 2018. Retrieved from https://corporate.cms-horwathhtl.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/HHTL_2018-EU-CHAINS-REPORT.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, P. (1996). Organisational form as a solution to the problem of credible commitment: The evolution of naming strategies among U.S. hotel chains. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S1), 85–89. doi:10.1002/smj.4250171007
   Google Scholar
• Israeli, A. A. (2002). Star rating and corporate affiliation: Their influence on room price and performance of hotels in Israel. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 21(4), 405–424. doi:10.1016/S0278-4319(02)00037-3
   Google Scholar
• Ivanov, S., & Ivanova, M. (2016). Do hotel chains stimulate globalisation? Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 102–108. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2016.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger, T. F. (2008). Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 434–446. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapiki, S. T. (2014). Evaluating economic viability of the lodging industry. Independent vs chain hotels (Working Paper). Department of Tourism Management – Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki.
   Google Scholar
• Keller, L. M. (2002). Branding and brand equity. In B. A. Weitz & R. Wensley (Eds.), Handbook of marketing. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Kline, W. A., & Brown, R. S. (2019). Overcoming the liability of foreignness through lobbying: An examination of franchise systems. Journal of International Management, 25(2), UNSP 100658. doi:10.1016/j.intman.2018.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langlois, T. J. (2003). Chain hotels versus independent hotels: An analysis of branding, room revenue and volatility (Final dissertation for the Master of Science). Real Estate Development at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Lecossier, A., Pallot, M., Crubleau, P., & Richir, S. (2019). Construction of an instrument to evaluate the User eXperience of a group of co-creators in the upstream innovation process. International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics, 10(1), 17–42. doi:10.1504/IJSOI.2019.100615
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S., Oh, H., & Hsu, C. H. (2017). Country-of-operation and brand images: Evidence from the Chinese hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(7), 1814–1833. doi:10.1108/IJCHM-11-2014-0577
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litteljohn, D. (2003). Hotels. In The International Hospitality Industry (pp. 5–29). Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, Z., Novoselov, K. E., Zhou, K., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Managerial academic experience, external monitoring, and financial reporting quality. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 46(7-8), 843–878. doi:10.1111/jbfa.12398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews, V. E. (2000). Competition in the international hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(2), 114–118. doi:10.1108/09596110010309916
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy, J. M., & Raleigh, L. E. (2003). Evaluating franchise and chain affiliation programs in hotel asset management principles and practices (3rd ed., pp. 117–136). East Lansing, MI: University of Denver and American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute.
   Google Scholar
• McCulloch, C. E. (1997). Maximum likelihood algorithms for generalized linear mixed models. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 92(437), 162–170. doi:10.1080/01621459.1997.10473613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham, N. T., Tuckova, Z., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2019). Greening the hospitality industry: How do green human resource management practices influence organizational citizenship behavior in hotels? A mixed-methods study. Tourism Management, 72, 386–399. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill, J. W., & Carlbäckb, M. (2011). Do brands matter? A comparison of branded and independent hotels’ performance during a full economic cycle. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 515–521. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill, J. W., & Wang, H. (2008). International hotel development: A study of potential franchisees in China. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27, 325–336. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill, J. W., & Mattila, A. S. (2006). Strategic hotel development and positioning: The effect of revenue drivers on profitability. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 47(2), 146–154. doi:10.1177/0010880405281519
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill, J. W., & Xiao, Q. (2006). The role of brand affiliation in hotel market value. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 47(3), 210–223. doi:10.1177/0010880406289070
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill, J. W., Hanson, B., & Mattila, A. S. (2008). The relationship of sales and marketing expenses to hotel performance in the United States. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 49(4), 355–363. doi:10.1177/1938965508324634
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill, J. W., & Mattila, A. S. (2010). Hotel brand strategy. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(1), 27–34. doi:10.1177/1938965509352286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oviedo-Garcia, M. A., Vega-Vazquez, M., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., & Orgaz-Aguera, F. (2019). Tourism in protected areas and the impact of servicescape on tourist satisfaction, key in sustainability. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 74–83. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, K., & Jang, S. (2019). Cash regimes and the franchise system: An extension of the marginal value of cash. Tourism Economics, 25(2), 235–252. doi:10.1177/1354816618797865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, M., & Frehse, J. (2005). The internationalisation of the European hotel industry in the light of competition theories. Tourism, 53(1), 55–65.
   Google Scholar
• Pine, R., & Phillips, P. (2005). Performance comparisons of hotels in China. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(1), 57–73. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2004.04.004
   Google Scholar
• Quer, D., Claver, E., & Andreu, R. (2007). Foreign market entry mode in the hotel industry: The impact of country-and firm-specific factors. International Business Review, 16(3), 362–376. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2007.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribaudo, G., & Domeniconi, S. (2014). The penetration of international hotel chains in Italy: Evidences from an updated census. Review of Business, 34(1), 5–19.
   Google Scholar
• Ribaudo, G., & Franzese, A. (2017). Hotels & Chains in Italy 2017. Rome: Horwath HTL and Confindustria AICA.
   Google Scholar
• Ribaudo, G., & Franzese, A. (2018). Hotels & Chains in Italy 2018. Rome: Horwath HTL and Confindustria AICA.
   Google Scholar
• Richard, B. (2017). Hotel chains: survival strategies for a dynamic future. Journal of Tourism Futures, 3(1), 56–65. doi:10.1108/JTF-06-2016-0018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard, B., & Cleveland, S. (2016). The future of hotel chains: Branded marketplaces driven by the sharing economy. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 22(3), 239–248. doi:10.1177/1356766715623827
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, J., Sharma, H. K., Kar, S., Zavadskas, E. K., & Saparauskas, J. (2019). An extended COPRAS model for multi-criteria decision-making problems and its application in web-based hotel evaluation and selection. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 219–253. doi:10.1080/1331677X.2018.1543054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rushmore, S. (2002). The Hotel Investments Handbook. New York: HVS.
   Google Scholar
• Shin, S. Y. (2019). Network advantage’s effect on exit performance: examining venture capital’s inter-organizational networks. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(1), 21–42. doi:10.1007/s11365-018-0545-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, N. C., & Dainty, P. (1991). The management research handbook. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sohn, J., Tang, C. H., & Jang, S. (2013). Does the asset-light and fee-oriented strategy create value?. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 32, 270–277. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, P. (1995). Measuring changes in the relative competitiveness of package tour destinations. Tourism Economics, 1(2), 169–182. doi:10.1177/135481669500100204
   Google Scholar
• Teare, R., & Boer, A. (1991). Strategic hospitality management: theory and practice for the 1990s. Cassell Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Whitla, P., Walters, G. P., & Davies, H. (2007). Global strategies in the international hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(4), 777–792. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2006.08.001
   Google Scholar
• Yazdi, S. K. (2019). Structural breaks, international tourism development and economic growth. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 1765–1776. doi:10.1080/1331677X.2019.1638279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar