Traditional knowledge on shifting cultivation of local communities in Bago Mountains, Myanmar

References

• Abizaid C, Coomes OT. 2004. Land use and forest fallowing dynamics in seasonally dry tropical forests of the southern Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Land Use Policy. 21(1):71–84. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2003.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnoletti M, Santoro A. 2015. Cultural values and sustainable forest management: the case of Europe. J For Res. 20(5):438–444. doi:10.1007/s10310-015-0500-7.
   Google Scholar
• ArcMap. Esri. USA. 2005–2017. [accessed 2019 Jul 30]. http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.6/tools/apatial-analyst-toolb0x/slope.htm
   Google Scholar
• Berkes F. 2000. Sacred ecology. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Berkes F, Colding J, Folke C. 2008. Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecol Appl. 10(5):1251–1262. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1251:ROTEKA]2.0.CO;2.
   Google Scholar
• [CBD] Convention on Biological Diversity. Article 8(j) – traditional knowledge, innovations and practices. [accessed 2019 Aug 20]. http://www.cbd.int/traditional/
   Google Scholar
• Charnley S, Fischer AP, Jones ET. 2007. Integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into forest biodiversity conservation in the Pacific Northwest. For Ecol Manage. 246(1):14–28. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colding J. 1998. Analysis of hunting options by the use of general food taboos. Ecol Modell. 110(1):5–17. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00038-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Working Paper 5: Environmental conservation and forestry. 2016. Formulation and operationalization of national action plan for poverty alleviation and rural development through agriculture (NAPA). [accessed 2018 Jan 30]. http://www.fao.org./3/a-bl825e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Fukushima M, Kanzaki M, Hla Maung T, Yazar M. 2007. Recovery process of fallow vegetation in the traditional Karen Swidden cultivation system in the Bago Mountain Range, Myanmar. Southeast Asian Stud. 45(3):317–333.
   Google Scholar
• Gadgil M, Berkes F, Folke C. 1993. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation. Ambio. 22(2/3):151–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gafur A, Jensen JR, Borggaard OK, Petersen L. 2003. Runoff and losses of soil and nutrients from small watersheds under shifting cultivation (Jhum) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. J Hydrol. 274(1–4):30–46. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00351-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galay MII 1967. Forest in Mt. Nama, Chin State. A research paper presented in Forest Research Congress; Yangon, Myanmar.
   Google Scholar
• Huntington HP. 2011. Comment: the local perspective. Nature. 478(7368):182–183. doi:10.1038/478182a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katila P, Colfer CP, Jong WD, Galloway G, Pacheco P, Winkel G, editors. 2019. SDG 15: life on land- The central role of forest in sustainable development. In: Sustainable development goals: their impacts on forests and people. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; p. 482–509.
   Google Scholar
• Kohsaka R. 2015. Editorial. J For Res. 20(5):421–422. doi:10.1007/s10310-015-0502-5.
   Google Scholar
• Mauro F, Hardison PD. 2011. Traditional knowledge of indigenous and local communities : international debate and policy initiatives. Ecol Appl. 10(5):1263–1269. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1263:TKOIAL]2.0.CO;2.
   Google Scholar
• Montagnini F, editor. 2017. Ecological indigenous (EIK) and Scientific (ESK) Knowledge integration as a tool for sustainable development in indigenous communities. Experience in Misiones, Argentina. In: Integrating landscapes: agroforestry for biodiversity conservation and food sovereignty. Switzerland (SD): Springer Nature; p. 235–260.
   Google Scholar
• Mukul SA, Herbohn J. 2016. The impacts of shifting cultivation on secondary forests dynamics in tropics : A synthesis of the key findings and spatio temporal distribution of research. Environ Sci Policy [Internet]. 55:167–177. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.10.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath TK, Inoue M, Chakma S. 2005. Shifting cultivation (Jhum) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: examining its sustainability, rural livelihood and policy implications. Int J Agric Sustain. 3(2):130–142. doi:10.1080/14735903.2005.9684751.
   Google Scholar
• Parviainen J. 2015. Cultural heritage and biodiversity in the present forest management of the boreal zone in Scandinavia. J For Res. 20(5):445–452. doi:10.1007/s10310-015-0499-9.
   Google Scholar
• Segger MCC, Phillips F. 2015. Indigenous traditional knowledge for sustainable development : the biodiversity convention and plant treaty regimes. J For Res. 20(5):430–437. doi:10.1007/s10310-015-0498-x.
   Google Scholar
• Seidenberg C, Mertz O, Kias MB. 2003. Fallow, labour and livelihood in shifting cultivation: implications for deforestation in Northern Lao PDR. Danish J Geogr. 103(2):71–80. doi:10.1080/00167223.2003.10649493.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki R, Takeda S, Thein HM. 2007. Chronosequence changes in soil properties of teak (Tectona grandis) plantations in the Bago Mountains, Myanmar. J Trop For Sci. 19(4):207–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeda S, Suzuki R, Thein HM 2005. Three-year monitoring of shifting cultivation fields in a Karen area of the Bago Mountains, Myanmar. [accessed 2017 Jul 17]. https://www.burmalibrary.org/docs20/Shinya-TAKEDA-red.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Takeda S, Suzuki R, Thein HM. 2007. Mapping shifting cultivation fields in a Karen area of the Bago Mountains, Myanmar. Southeast Asian Stud. 45(3):334–342. (in Japanese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Takeuchi Y, Soda R, Diway B, Nakagawa M. 2017. Biodiversity conservation values of fragmented communally reserved forests, managed by indigenous people, in a human- modified landscape in Borneo. PLoS One. 12(11):e0187273. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thein HM, Kanzaki M, Fukushima M, Yazar M. 2007. Structure and composition of a Teak-bearing Forest under the Myanmar Selection System: impacts of logging and bamboo flowering. Southeast Asian Stud [Internet]. 45(3):303–316. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110006612202/en/
   Google Scholar
• Thompson ID. 2015. An overview of the science – policy interface among climate change, biodiversity, and terrestrial land use for production landscapes. J For Res. 20(5):423–429. doi:10.1007/s10310-015-0497-y.
   Google Scholar
• Uprety Y, Asselin H, Bergeron Y, Doyon F, Boucher J-F. 2012. Contribution of traditional knowledge to ecological restoration: practices and applications. Écoscience. 19(3):225–237. doi:10.2980/19-3-3530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waston. 1923. A note on the Pegu Yoma forests. Yangon: Office of the superintendent, government printing, Burma.
   Google Scholar
• Win RN, Win BN 2015. Analysis of shifting cultivation practices and teak regeneration and soil nutrient on fallow lands in Bago Mountains, Myanmar. [accessed 2017 Jul 17]. http://www.forestdepartment.gov.mm/sites/default/files/Research%20Books%20file/leaflet%20No.21.%20Dr.%20Rosy%20Ne%20Win.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Win S 2004. Investigation on shifting cultivation practices conducted by the hill tribes for the development of suitable agroforestry techniques in Myanmar. [accessed 2017 Jul 17]. http://www.forestdepartment.gov.mm/sites/default/files/Research%20Books%20file/02%282004%29.pdf
   Google Scholar