Soil erosion decreases soil microbial respiration in Japanese beech forests with understory vegetation lost by deer

References

• Abe H, Fu D, Kume T, Katayama A. 2022. Exposure of tree roots and its control factors in a mixed temperate forest with no understory vegetation. Bull Kyushu Univ For. 103:13–20. Japanese with English summary. doi: 10.15017/4776829.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson JP, Domsch KH. 1978. A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol Biochem. 10(3):215–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodoque JM, Díez-Herrero A, Martín-Duque JF, Rubiales JM, Godfrey A, Pedraza J, Carrasco RM, Sanz MA. 2005. Sheet erosion rates determined by using dendrogeomorphological analysis of exposed tree roots: two examples from Central Spain. Catena. 64(1):81–102. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2005.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer TE, Aronson EL, Arogyaswamy K, Billings SA, Botthoff JK, Campbell AN, Dove NC, Fairbanks D, Gallery RE, Hart SC, et al. 2019. Ecological and genomic attributes of novel bacterial taxa that thrive in subsurface soil horizons. mBio. 10:e01318–19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01318-19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chartier MP, Rostagno CM, Roig FA. 2009. Soil erosion rates in rangelands of northeastern Patagonia: a dendrogeomorphological analysis using exposed shrub roots. Geomorphology. 106(3–4):344–351. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.11.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho K, Enoki T, Kaji K, Yamauchi K, Ogata T, Shiiba Y. 2016. Dynamics of Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino et Shibata community induced by the grazing of sika deer (Cervus nippon): the change from 2003 to 2014 in Shiiba Research Forest, Kyushu University. Bull Kyushu Univ For. 97:7–10. Japanese with English summary https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010927785.
   Google Scholar
• Chu L, Ishikawa Y, Shiraki K, Wakahara T, Uchiyama Y. 2010. Relationship between forest floor cover percentage and soil erosion rate on the forest floor with an impoverished understory grazed by deer (Cervus Nippon) at Doudaira, Tanzawa Mountains. J Jpn For Soc. 92(5):261–268. In Japanese with English abstract. doi: 10.4005/jjfs.92.261.
   Google Scholar
• Core Team. 2023. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Côté SD, Rooney TP, Tremblay JP, Dussault C, Waller DM. 2004. Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 35:113–147. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.1057251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang H, Cheng S, Wang Y, Yu G, Xu M, Dang X, Li L, Wang L. 2014. Changes in soil heterotrophic respiration, carbon availability, and microbial function in seven forests along a climate gradient. Ecol Res. 29(6):1077–1086. doi: 10.1007/s11284-014-1194-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazer GW, Canham CD, Lertzman KP. 1999. Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: imaging software to extract canopy structure and gap light transmission indices from true-colour fisheye photographs. Millbrook: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Furusawa H, Hino T, Kaneko S, Araki M. 2011. The effects understory grazing by deer on aboveground N input to soil and soil N mineralization in a forest on Mt. Ohdaigahara In Japan Jpn J For Environ. 53:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Furusawa H, Miyanishi H, Kaneko S, Hino T. 2003. Movement of soil and litter on the floor of a temperate mixed forest with an impoverished understory grazed by deer (Cervus nippon centralis Temminck). J Jpn For Soc. 85(4):318–325. In Japanese with English abstract.
   Google Scholar
• García-Ruiz JM, Beguería S, Nadal-Romero E, González-Hidalgo JC, Lana-Renault N, Sanjuán Y. 2015. A meta-analysis of soil erosion rates across the world. Geomorphology. 239:160–173. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goebes P, Seitz S, Kühn P, Li Y, Niklaus PA, von OG, Scholten T. 2015. Throughfall kinetic energy in young subtropical forests: Investigation on tree species richness effects and spatial variability. Agric For Meteorol. 213:148–159. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.06.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomi T, Oohira M, Hiraoka M, Miyata S, Uchiyama Y. 2022. Impact of sika deer on soil properties and erosion. In: Sika deer: life history plasticity and management. Springer Nature Singapore; pp. 399–413.
   Google Scholar
• Govers G, Poesen J. 1988. Assessment of the interrill and rill contributions to total soil loss from an upland field plot. Geomorphology. 1(4):343–354. doi: 10.1016/0169-555x(88)90006-2.
   Google Scholar
• Hishi T, Kawakami E, Katayama A. 2022. Changes in the abundance and species diversity of Collembola community along with dwarf bamboo density gradient in a mountainous temperate forest of Japan. Appl Soil Ecol. 180:104606. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howison RA, Olff H, van de Koppel J, Smit C. 2017. Biotically driven vegetation mosaics in grazing ecosystems: the battle between bioturbation and biocompaction. Ecol Monogr. 87(3):363–378. doi: 10.1002/ecm.1259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser EA, Mueller T, Joergensen RG, Insam H, Heinemeyer O. 1992. Evaluation of methods to estimate the soil microbial biomass and the relationship with soil texture and organic matter. Soil Biol Biochem. 24(7):675–683. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90046-Z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaji K, Koizumi T, Ohtaishi N. 1988. Effects of resource limitation on the physical and reproductive condition of sika deer on Nakanoshima Island, Hokkaido. Acta Theriol (Warsz). 33:187–208, plate 15. doi: 10.4098/AT.arch.88-15.
   Google Scholar
• Kawakami E, Katayama A, Hishi T. 2020. Effects of declining understory vegetation on leaf litter decomposition in a Japanese cool-temperate forest. J Forest Res. 25(4):260–268. doi: 10.1080/13416979.2020.1759884.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labrière N, Locatelli B, Laumonier Y, Freycon V, Bernoux M. 2015. Soil erosion in the humid tropics: a systematic quantitative review. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 203:127–139. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lal R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science. 304:1623–1627. doi: 10.1126/science.10973965677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefcheck J, Byrnes J, Grace J. 2018. Package ‘piecewiseSEM’. R package version. 1(1). https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/piecewiseSEM/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Makoto K, Templer PH, Katayama A, Seki O, Takagi K. 2022. Early snowmelt by an extreme warming event affects understory more than overstory trees in Japanese temperate forests. Ecosphere. 13(7):e4182. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.4182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura S, Ugawa S, Yoshinaga S, Tsuyoshi Y, Hirai K. 2015. Floor cover percentage determines splash erosion in Chamaecyparis obtusa Forests. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 79(6):1782–1791. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2015.05.0171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyata S, Kosugi K, Gomi T, Mizuyama T. 2009. Effects of forest floor coverage on overland flow and soil erosion on hillslopes in Japanese cypress plantation forests. Water Resour Res. 45(6):W06402. doi: 10.1029/2008WR007270.
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery DR. 2007. Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104:13268–13272. doi: 10.1073/pnas.061150810433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan RPC. 2005. Soil erosion and soil conservation. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Murata I, Inoue S, Yabe T, Kabemura Y, Katsuyoshi K, Kubota K, Mabuchi T, Shiiba Y, Utsumi Y. 2009. Sika deer density and vegetation changes for 37 years in Shiiba research forest. Bull Kyushu Univ For. 90:13–24. Japanese with English summary https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010871841.
   Google Scholar
• Niwa S, Kaneko N, Okada H, Sakamoto K. 2008. Effects of fine-scale simulation of deer browsing on soil micro-foodweb structure and N mineralization rate in a temperate forest. Soil Biol Biochem. 40(3):699–708. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson KR, Al-Kaisi M, Lal R, Cihacek L. 2016. Impact of soil erosion on soil organic carbon stocks. J Soil Water Conserv. 71(3):61A–67A. doi: 10.2489/jswc.71.3.61A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelfini M, Santilli M. 2006. Dendrogeomorphological analyses on exposed roots along two mountain hiking trails in the central italian alps. Geogr Ann Ser A Phys Geogr. 88(3):223–236. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2006.00297.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D, Heisterkamp S, Van Willigen B, Maintainer R. 2017. Package ‘nlme’. Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models, version. Package ---models. 3(1):274. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/nlme/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Qiu L, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Reich PB, Banerjee S, van der Heijden MG, Sadowsky MJ, Ishii S, Jia X, Shao M, et al. 2021. Erosion reduces soil microbial diversity, network complexity and multifunctionality. Isme J. 15(8):2474–2489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooney TP. 2009. High white-tailed deer densities benefit graminoids and contribute to biotic homogenization of forest ground-layer vegetation. Plant Ecol. 202(1):103–111. doi: 10.1007/s11258-008-9489-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio-Delgado J, Guillén J, Corbacho JA, Gómez-Gutiérrez Á, Baeza A, Schnabel S. 2017. Comparison of two methodologies used to estimate erosion rates in Mediterranean ecosystems: 137Cs and exposed tree roots. Sci Total Environ. 605:541–550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanshan W, Baoyang S, Chaodong L, Zhanbin L, Bo M. 2018. Runoff and soil erosion on slope cropland: A review. J Resour Ecol. 9(5):461–470. doi: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2018.05.002.
   Google Scholar
• Shidei T. 1974. Forest vegetation zones. In: Numata M, editor The flora and vegetation of Japan. Amsterdam: Kodansha, Tokyo and Elsevieer Scientific; pp. 87–124.
   Google Scholar
• Stoffel M, Corona C, Ballesteros-Cánovas AJ, Bodoque JM. 2013. Dating and quantification of erosion processes based on exposed roots. Earth Sci Rev. 123:18–34. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takatsuki S. 2009. Effects of sika deer on vegetation in Japan: a review. Biol Conserv. 142(9):1922–1929. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Koppel J, Rietkerk M, Weissing FJ. 1997. Catastrophic vegetation shifts and soil degradation in terrestrial grazing systems. Trends Ecol Evol. 12(9):352–356. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5347(97)01133-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vesterdal L, Schmidt IK, Callesen I, Nilsson LO, Gundersen P. 2008. Carbon and nitrogen in forest floor and mineral soil under six common European tree species. For Ecol Manage. 255(1):35–48. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakahara T, Ishikawa Y, Shiraki K, Toda H, Miya T, Kataoka F, Suzuki M, Uchiyama Y 2008. Seasonal changes in the amount of litter layer and soil erosion in the forest floor-an impoverished understory by deer impact at Doudaira, Tanzawa Mountains, in: Proceedings 4th International Conference on Scour and Erosion (ICSE-4). November 5-7, 2008, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 628–633.
   Google Scholar
• Wardle DA. 1993. Changes in the microbial biomass and metabolic quotient during leaf litter succession in some New Zealand forest and scrubland ecosystems. Funct Ecol. 7(3):346–355. doi: 10.2307/2390215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardle DA, Barker GM, Yeates GW, Bonner KI, Ghani A. 2001. Introduced browsing mammals in New Zealand natural forests: aboveground and belowground consequences. Ecol Monogr. 71(4):587–614. doi: 10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0587:IBMINZ]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagi Y, Takada M, Miyashita T. 2008. Changes in the physical properties of forest soils in the Boso PeninsuIa due to sika deer revealed by surveys and a field experiment. Japanese J Conserv Ecol. 13:65–74. Japanese with English summary. doi: 10.18960/hozen.13.1_65.
   Google Scholar
• Yang MY, Walling DE, Tian JL, Liu PL. 2006. Partitioning the contributions of sheet and rill erosion using beryllium-7 and cesium-137. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 70(5):1579. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao X, Yu K, Wang G, Deng Y, Lai Z, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Liu J. 2019. Effects of soil erosion and reforestation on soil respiration, organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in an eroded area of Southern China. Sci Total Environ. 683:98–108. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar