Simulation of stand dynamics for miombo woodlands in Kitulangalo Forest Reserve, Morogoro, Tanzania

References

• Acevedo MF, Urban D, Ablan M. 1995. Transition and gap models of forest dynamics. Ecol Appl. 5(4):1040–1055. doi: 10.2307/2269353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altiok T, Melamed B. 2010. Simulation modeling and analysis with Arena. San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Backéus I, Pettersson B, Strömquist L, Ruffo C. 2006. Tree communities and structural dynamics in miombo (Brachystegia–Julbernardia) woodland, Tanzania. For Ecol Manag. 230(1–3):171–178. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldeck CA, Kembel SW, Harms KE, Yavitt JB, John R, Turner BL, Chuyong GB, Kenfack D, Thomas DW, Madawala S, et al. 2013. A taxonomic comparison of local habitat niches of tropical trees. Oecologia. 173(4):1491–1498. doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2709-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertsch-Hoermann B, Egger C, Gaube V, Gingrich S. 2021. Agroforestry trade-offs between biomass provision and aboveground carbon sequestration in the alpine Eisenwurzen region, Austria. Reg Environ Change. 21(3):77. doi: 10.1007/s10113-021-01794-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomley T. 2006. Mainstreaming participatory forestry within the local government reform process in Tanzania. Endsleigh, London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
   Google Scholar
• Bollandsås O, Buongiorno J, Gobakken T. 2008. Predicting the growth of stands of trees of mixed species and size: a matrix model for Norway. Scand J For Res. 23(2):167–178. doi: 10.1080/02827580801995315.
   Google Scholar
• Bonal D, Burban B, Stahl C, Wagner F, Hérault B. 2016. The response of tropical rainforests to drought—lessons from recent research and future prospects. Ann For Sci. 73(1):27–44. doi: 10.1007/s13595-015-0522-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugmann H. 1996. Functional types of trees in temperate and boreal forests: classification and testing. J Veg Sci. 7(3):359–370. doi: 10.2307/3236279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell BM. 1996. The Miombo in transition: woodlands and welfare in Africa. Cifor. doi: 10.17528/cifor/000465.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell B, Angelsen A, Cunningham A, Katerere Y, Sitoe A, Wunder S. 2007. Miombo woodlands–opportunities and barriers to sustainable forest management. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research.
   Google Scholar
• Chidumayo E. 1987. Species structure in Zambian miombo woodland. Trop Ecol. 3(2):109–118. doi: 10.1017/S0266467400001838.
   Google Scholar
• Chirwa PW, Syampungani S, Geldenhuys CJ. 2008. The ecology and management of the Miombo woodlands for sustainable livelihoods in southern Africa: the case for non-timber forest products. South For: A J Forest Sci. 70(3):237–245. doi: 10.2989/SF.2008.70.3.7.668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doggart N, Morgan-Brown T, Lyimo E, Mbilinyi B, Meshack CK, Sallu SM, Spracklen DV. 2020. Agriculture is the main driver of deforestation in Tanzania. Environ Res Lett. 15(3):034028. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab6b35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper FC, Baker TR, Baraloto C, Chave J, Costa F, Martin RE, Pennington RT, Vicentini A, Asner GP. 2020. Quantifying tropical plant diversity requires an integrated technological approach. Trends Ecol Evol. 35(12):1100–1109. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elifuraha E, Nöjd P, Mbwambo L. 2008. Short term growth of miombo tree species at Kitulangalo. Work Pap Finn For Res Inst. 98:37–45.
   Google Scholar
• Ene LT, Næsset E, Gobakken T, Bollandsås OM, Mauya EW, Zahabu E. 2017. Large-scale estimation of change in aboveground biomass in miombo woodlands using airborne laser scanning and national forest inventory data. Remote Sens Environ. 188:106–117. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearnside PM. 2004. Are climate change impacts already affecting tropical forest biomass? Glob Environ Change. 14(4):299–302. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.02.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost P. 1996. The ecology of miombo woodlands. The miombo in transition: Woodlands and welfare in Africa. CIFOR. 266:11–55.
   Google Scholar
• Godlee JL, Gonçalves FM, Tchamba JJ, Chisingui AV, Muledi JI, Shutcha MN, Ryan CM, Brade TK, Dexter KG. 2020. Diversity and structure of an arid woodland in southwest Angola, with comparison to the wider miombo ecoregion. Diversity. 12(4):140. doi: 10.3390/d12040140.
   Google Scholar
• Gonçalves FM, Revermann R, Gomes AL, Aidar MP, Finckh M, Juergens N. 2017. Tree species diversity and composition of Miombo woodlands in South-Central Angola: a chronosequence of forest recovery after shifting cultivation. Int J For Res. 2017:1–13. 13pp. doi: 10.1155/2017/6202093.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon LJ, Enfors EI. 2008. Land degradation, ecosystem services, and resilience of smallholder farmers in Makanya catchment, Tanzania. Conserving Land. Protecting Water. 6:33.
   Google Scholar
• Grundy I. 2006. Age determination of Miombo species Brachystegia spiciformis (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) in Zimbabwe using growth rings. South Afr For J. 2006(206):5–12. doi: 10.2989/10295920609505238.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstad O, Araya MM. 2015. Optimal wood harvest in miombo woodland considering REDD+ payments—a case study at Kitulangalo forest reserve, Tanzania. For Policy Econ. 51:9–16. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2014.11.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isango J, Varmola M, Valkonen S, Tapaninen S 2007. Stand structure and tree species composition of Tanzania Miombo woodlands: a case study from Miombo woodlands of community based forest management in Iringa district. 1st MITMiombo Project Workshop, Morogoro, Tanzania.
   Google Scholar
• Kajembe GC, Silayo DSA, Vatn A. 2015. The adaptation of REDD+ initiatives in forest management regimes in two pilot projects of Kondoa and Kilosa districts. Tanzania: Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU).
   Google Scholar
• Kalaba FK, Quinn CH, Dougill AJ. 2012. Contribution of forest provisioning ecosystem services to rural livelihoods in Copperbelt’s Miombo woodlands, Zambia. Popul Environ. 41:1–40.
   Google Scholar
• Kapinga K, Syampungani S, Kasubika R, Yambayamba AM, Shamaoma H. 2018. Species-specific allometric models for estimation of the above-ground carbon stock in miombo woodlands of Copperbelt Province of Zambia. For Ecol Manag. 417:184–196. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.02.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karenget JA-s. 2009. Analysis of forest degradation in Miombo Woodlands using remote sensing and GIS: case study of Kitulangalo Forest in Morogoro. Tanzania: University of Twente.
   Google Scholar
• Kellomäki S, Väisänen H, Hänninen H, Kolström T, Lauhanen R, Mattila U, Pajari B. 1992. A simulation model for the succession of the boreal forest ecosystem. Helda, Helsinki: University of Helsinki.
   Google Scholar
• Lovett JC. 2003. The forest act, 2002 (Tanzania). J Afr Law. 47(1):133–135. doi: 10.1017/S0221855303002050.
   Google Scholar
• Lund JF, Nielsen ØJ. 2005. The promises of Participatory forest management in forest conservation and poverty alleviation: the case of Tanzania. L’Afrique Orientale Annuaire. 201–241.
   Google Scholar
• Luoga E, Witkowski E, Balkwill K. 2005. Land cover and use changes in relation to the institutional framework and tenure of land and resources in eastern Tanzania miombo woodlands. Environ Dev Sustain. 7(1):71–93. doi: 10.1007/s10668-003-4013-8.
   Google Scholar
• Lyimo P, Shaaban S. 2015. Assessment of Forest condition at SUA-Kitulangalo forest reserve in Tanzania Miombo Woodland. German: GRIN.
   Google Scholar
• Malimbwi R, Solberg B, Luoga E. 1994. Estimation of biomass and volume in miombo woodland at Kitulangalo forest reserve, Tanzania. J Trop ForSci. 7:230–242.
   Google Scholar
• Malimbwi R, Zahabu E, Kajembe G, Luoga E. 2000. Contribution of charcoal extraction to deforestation: experience from CHAPOSA Research Project. The Sokoine University of Agriculture. https://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/1229
   Google Scholar
• Malmer A 2007.General ecological features of miombo woodlands and considerations for utilization and management. MITMIOMBO–management of indigenous tree species for ecosystem restoration and wood production in semi-arid miombo woodlands in Eastern Africa. Proceedings of the First MITMIOMBO Project Workshop held in Morogoro, Tanzania.
   Google Scholar
• Mangora MM. 2005. Ecological impact of tobacco farming in miombo woodlands of Urambo District, Tanzania. Afr J Ecol. 43(4):385–391. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00603.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manyanda BJ, Nzunda EF, Mugasha WA, Malimbwi RE. 2020. Estimates of volume and carbon stock removals in Miombo woodlands of mainland Tanzania. J For Res. 2020:1–10. doi:10.1155/2020/4043965.
   Google Scholar
• Mauya EW, Ene LT, Bollandsås OM, Gobakken T, Næsset E, Malimbwi RE, Zahabu E. 2015. Modelling aboveground forest biomass using airborne laser scanner data in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania. Carbon Balance Manag. 10(1):1–16. doi: 10.1186/s13021-015-0037-2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mauya EW, Mugasha WA, Zahabu E, Bollandsås OM, Eid T. 2014. Models for estimation of tree volume in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania. South For: A J Forest Sci. 76(4):209–219. doi: 10.2989/20702620.2014.957594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbilinyi BP, Misana S, Malimbwi R, Monela G, Jambiya G. 2007. Land cover dynamics as a result of charcoal production: Use of remote sensing and GIS. Tanzania J For Nat Conserv. 76(1):67–79.
   Google Scholar
• Mbwambo L, Valkonen S, Kuutti V. 2008. Structure and dynamics of miombo woodland stands at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Work Pap Finn For Res Inst. 98:10–19.
   Google Scholar
• Meir P, Wood TE, Galbraith DR, Brando PM, Da Costa AC, Rowland L, Ferreira LV. 2015. Threshold responses to soil moisture deficit by trees and soil in tropical rain forests: insights from field experiments. BioScience. 65(9):882–892. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biv107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menon S, Choudhury BI, Khan ML, Townsend Peterson A. 2010. Ecological niche modeling and local knowledge predict new populations of Gymnocladus assamicus a critically endangered tree species. Endanger Species Res. 11:175–181. doi:10.3354/esr00275.
   Google Scholar
• Mikolas M, Svitok M, Bace R, Meigs GW, Keeton WS, Keith H, Buechling A, Trotsiuk V, Kozak D, Bollmann K, et al. 2021. Natural disturbance impacts on trade-offs and co-benefits of forest biodiversity and carbon. Proc Biol Sci. 288(1961):20211631. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugasha WA, Bollandsås OM, Gobakken T, Zahabu E, Katani JZ, Eid T. 2017. Decision-support tool for management of miombo woodlands: a matrix model approach. South For: A J Forest Sci. 79(1):65–77. doi: 10.2989/20702620.2016.1233776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugasha WA, Eid T, Bollandsås OM, Malimbwi RE, Chamshama SAO, Zahabu E, Katani JZ. 2013. Allometric models for prediction of above- and belowground biomass of trees in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania. For Ecol Manag. 310:87–101. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugasha WA, Eid T, Bollandsås OM, Mbwambo L. 2017. Modelling diameter growth, mortality and recruitment of trees in miombo woodlands of Tanzania. South For: A J Forest Sci. 79(1):51–64. doi: 10.2989/20702620.2016.1233755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugasha WA, Mwakalukwa EE, Luoga E, Malimbwi RE, Zahabu E, Silayo DS, Sola G, Crete P, Henry M, Kashindye A. 2016. Allometric models for estimating tree volume and aboveground biomass in lowland forests of Tanzania. J For Res. 2016:1–13. doi:10.1155/2016/8076271.
   Google Scholar
• Muvengwi J, Chisango T, Mpakairi K, Mbiba M, Witkowski E. 2020. Structure, composition and regeneration of miombo woodlands within harvested and unharvested areas. For Ecol Manage. 458:117792. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naesset E, Ørka HO, Solberg S, Bollandsås OM, Hansen EH, Mauya E, Zahabu E, Malimbwi R, Chamuya N, Olsson H. 2016. Mapping and estimating forest area and aboveground biomass in miombo woodlands in Tanzania using data from airborne laser scanning, TanDEM-X, RapidEye, and global forest maps: A comparison of estimated precision. Remote Sens Environ. 175:282–300. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.01.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Njoghomi EE, Valkonen S, Karlsson K. 2021. Analysing species site-specific tree growth, mortality and in-growth for miombo woodlands in Tanzania. South For: A J Forest Sci. 83(1):43–55. doi: 10.2989/20702620.2020.1814113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Njoghomi EE, Valkonen S, Karlsson K, Saarinen M, Mugasha WA, Niemistö P, Balama C, Malimbwi RE. 2021. Regeneration dynamics and structural changes in Miombo woodland stands at Kitulangalo forest reserve in Tanzania. J Sustain For. 40(6):539–557. doi: 10.1080/10549811.2020.1789478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne CP, Charles‐Dominique T, Stevens N, Bond WJ, Midgley G, Lehmann CE. 2018. Human impacts in African savannas are mediated by plant functional traits. New Phytol. 220(1):10–24. doi: 10.1111/nph.15236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piiroinen T, Roininen H, Valkonen S. 2008. Regeneration of miombo woodlands: effects of herbivory, management and competition. Work Pap Finn For Res Inst. 98:46–51.
   Google Scholar
• Rajala T, Heikkinen J, Gogo S, Ahimbisibwe J, Bakanga G, Chamuya N, Garcia Perez J, Kilawe E, Kiluvia S, Morales D. 2022. NAFORMA: National Forest Resources Monitoring and Assessment of Tanzania Mainland: sampling Design Options for 2nd Biophysical Inventory (NAFORMA II). Rome: Food & Agriculture Org.
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro NS, Armstrong AH, Fischer R, Kim Y-S, Shugart HH, Ribeiro-Barros AI, Chauque A, Tear T, Washington-Allen R, Bandeira RR. 2021. Prediction of forest parameters and carbon accounting under different fire regimes in Miombo woodlands, Niassa Special Reserve, Northern Mozambique. Policy Econ. 133:102625. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro NS, Syampungani S, Matakala NM, Nangoma D, Ribeiro-Barros AI. 2015a. Miombo woodlands research towards the sustainable use of ecosystem services in Southern Africa. Biodiversity In Ecosyst Link Structure Fun. 17:475–491.
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro NS, Syampungani S, Matakala NM, Nangoma D, Ribeiro-Barros AI. 2015b. Miombo woodlands research towards the sustainable use of ecosystem services in Southern Africa. Biodiversity In Ecosyst Link Structure Fun. 475–491. doi: 10.5772/59288.
   Google Scholar
• Ruckstuhl K, Johnson E, Miyanishi K. 2008. Introduction. The boreal forest and global change. Phil Trans R Soc B. 363(1501):2243–2247. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skutsch M, Solis S. 2011. How much carbon does community forest management save. Commun Forest Monitor Carbon Market. 15.
   Google Scholar
• Stanturf JA, Mansourian S. 2020. Forest landscape restoration: state of play. R Soc Open Sci. 7(12):201218. doi: 10.1098/rsos.201218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syampungani S. 2009. Vegetation change analysis and ecological recovery of the Copperbelt Miombo woodland of Zambia. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch.
   Google Scholar
• Syampungani S, Geldenhuys CJ, Chirwa PW. 2010. Age and growth rate determination using growth rings of selected miombo woodland species in charcoal and, slash and burn regrowth stands in Zambia. J Ecol Nat Environ. 2(8):167–174.
   Google Scholar
• Szwagrzyk J, Szewczyk J. 2001. Tree mortality and effects of release from competition in an old‐growth Fagus‐Abies‐Picea stand. J Veg Sci. 12(5):621–626. doi: 10.2307/3236901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trouet V, Haneca K, Coppin P, Beeckman H. 2001. Tree ring analysis of Brachystegia spiciformis and Isoberlinia tomentosa: evaluation of the enso-signal in the miombo woodland of eastern Africa. Iawa J. 22(4):385–399. doi: 10.1163/22941932-90000384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkonen S, Elifuraha E, Kiluma L. 2008. Application of modeling to study tree diameter growth in miombo woodland stands at Kitulangalo forest reserve, Tanzania. Research and development for sustainable management of semiarid miombo woodlands in East Africa. Work Pap Finn For Res Inst. 98:20–27.
   Google Scholar
• Vieira DL, Scariot A. 2006. Principles of natural regeneration of tropical dry forests for restoration. Restor Ecol. 14(1):11–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00100.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright JS. 2002. Plant diversity in tropical forests: a review of mechanisms of species coexistence. Oecologia. 130(1):1–14. doi: 10.1007/s004420100809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yahya Y, Ismail R, Vanna S, Saret K. 2012. Forest growth simulation: tropical rain forest stand table projection. Int J Math Comput Sci. 6(5):606–611.
   Google Scholar
• Zahabu E. 2006. Case study Kitulangalo forest area, Tanzania. Can carbon income combat forest degradation? Community forest management for climate mitigation and poverty alleviation. Technology and Sustainable Development. 19:19–24.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng L-F, Zhou X-N. 2010. Diameter distribution of trees in natural stands managed on polycyclic cutting system. For Stud China. 12(1):21–25. doi: 10.1007/s11632-010-0009-2.
   Google Scholar