Emergent features of young Singaporean speech: an investigatory study of the labiodental /r/ in Singapore English

References

• Bao, Z. (1998). The sounds of Singapore English. In J. A. Foley, T. Kandiah, Z. Bao, A. F. Gupta, L. Alsagoff, C. L. Ho, … W. Bokhorst-Heng (Eds.), English in new cultural contexts: Reflections from Singapore (pp. 152–174). Singapore: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2011). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 5. 2.35). Retrieved from http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/
   Google Scholar
• Cruttenden, A. (2001). Gimson’s pronunication of English (6th ed.). London: Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Cruttenden, A. (2008). Gimson’s pronunciation of English (7th ed.). London: Hodder Education.
   Google Scholar
• Crystal, D. (1995). Encyclopedia of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dalcher, C. V., Knight, R., & Jones, M. J. (2008). Cue switching in the perception of approximants: Evidence from two English dialects. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 14(2), 63–71.
   Google Scholar
• Deterding, D. (2000). Measurements of the/eɪ/and/əʊ/vowels of young English speakers in Singapore. In A. Brown, D. Deterding, & E. L. Low (Eds.), The English language in Singapore: Research on pronunciation (pp. 93–99). Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics.
   Google Scholar
• Deterding, D. (2003). An instrumental study of the monophthong vowels of Singapore English. English World-Wide, 24(1), 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Deterding, D. (2005). Emergent patterns in the vowels of Singapore English. English World-Wide, 26(2), 179–197.
   Google Scholar
• Deterding, D. (2006). The North wind versus a wolf: Short texts for the description and measurement of English pronunciation. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36(2), 187–196.
   Google Scholar
• Deterding, D. (2007). Singapore English. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625444.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Foulkes, P., & Docherty, G. J. (2000). Another chapter in the story of/r/: ‘Labiodental’ variants in British English. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(1), 30–59.
   Google Scholar
• Gimson, A. C. (1980). An introduction to the pronunciation of English (3rd ed.). London: Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Jespersen, O. (1909). A modern English grammar on historical principles (Vol. 1). Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, M. J. (2005). An acoustic study of labiodental/r/in British English (Unpublished MS), University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Knight, R.-A., Dalcher, C. V., & Jones, M. J. (2007). A real-time case study of rhotic acquisition in Southern British English. In J. Trouvain & W. J. Barry (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS XVI) (pp. 1581–1584). Saarbrücken, Germany: Saarbrücken University des Saarlandes.
   Google Scholar
• Kwek, G. (2005). The Labiodental/r/in Singapore English (Unpublished English Language Honours Academic Exercise), National Institute of Education – Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Ladefoged, P. (2001). A course in phonetics (4th ed.). USA: Harcourt College Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Ladefoged, P. (2005). Vowels and consonants (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, E. M., & Lim, L. (2000). Diphthongs in Singaporean English: Their realisations across different formality levels and attitudes of some learners towards them. In A. Brown, D. Deterding, & E. L. Low (Eds.), The English Language in Singapore: Research on pronunciation (pp. 100–111). Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, S. H., & Deterding, D. (2005). Added final plosives in Singapore English. In D. Deterding, A. Brown, & E. L. Low (Eds.), English in Singapore: Phonetic research on a corpus (pp. 37–42). Singapore: McGraw Hill-Education (Asia).
   Google Scholar
• Lim, S. S., & Low, E. L. (2005). Triphthongs in Singapore English. In D. Deterding, A. Brown, & E. L. Low (Eds.), English in Singapore: Phonetic research on a corpus (pp. 64–73). Singapore: McGraw Hill-Education (Asia).
   Google Scholar
• Lim, L. (2004). Sounding Singaporeans. In L. Lim (Ed.), Varieties of English around the world—Singapore English: A grammatical description (pp. 19–56). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Low, E.-L. (2012). Singapore English. In E.-L. Low & A. Hashim (Eds.), English in Southeast Asia: Features, policy and language in use (pp. 35–53). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Low, E. L., & Brown, A. (2005). English in Singapore: An introduction. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Marsden, S. (2006). A sociophonetic study of labiodental/r/in Leeds. Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics, 11, 153–172.
   Google Scholar
• Moorthy, S., & Deterding, D. (2000). Three or tree? Dental fricatives in the speech of educated Singaporeans. In A. Brown, D. Deterding, & E. L. Low (Eds.), The English language in Singapore: Research on pronunciation (pp. 76–83). Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics.
   Google Scholar
• Nolan, F. J. (1983). The phonetic bases of speaker recognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor, J. D. (1973). Phonetics. Harmondsworth: Pelican.
   Google Scholar
• Pakir, A. (1991). The range and depth of English-knowing bilinguals in Singapore. World Englishes, 10(2), 167–179.
   Google Scholar
• Pegge, S. (1844). Anecdotes of the English Language: Chiefly regarding the local dialect of London and its environs: Whence it will appear that the natives of the metropolis, and its vicinities, have not corrupted the language of their ancestors (H. Christmas Ed., 3rd ed.). London.
   Google Scholar
• Poedjosoedarmo, G. (1995). Lectal variation in the media and the classroom: A preliminary analysis of attitudes. In S. C. Teng & M. L. Ho (Eds.), The English language in Singapore: Implications for teaching (pp. 53–67). Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics.
   Google Scholar
• Poedjosoedarmo, G. (2000a). A description of the English pronunciation of young educated Singaporeans: A study in multidimensional variation. In A. Brown, D. Deterding, & E. L. Low (Eds.), The English language in Singapore: Research on pronunciation (pp. 65–75). Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics.
   Google Scholar
• Poedjosoedarmo, G. (2000b). The media as a model and source of innovation in the development of Singapore standard English. In A. Brown, D. Deterding, & E. L. Low (Eds.), The English language in Singapore: Research on pronunciation (pp. 112–120). Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics.
   Google Scholar
• Rippmann, W. (1906). The sounds of spoken English. A manual of ear training for English students. London: J. M. Dent and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Rosdiana, T. (2008). Rhoticity in Brunei and Singapore English: A comparison. Occasional Papers in Language Studies, 11, 138–141.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, C. H., & Gupta, A. F. (1992). Post-vocalic/R/in Singapore English. York Papers in Linguistics, 16, 139–152.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, Y. Y. (2012). To r or not to r: Social correlates of/ɹ/in Singapore English. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 218, 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, K. K. (2005). Vocalisation of/l/in Singapore English. In D. Deterding, A. Brown, & E. L. Low (Eds.), English in Singapore: Phonetic research on a corpus (pp. 43–53). Singapore: McGraw-Hill (Education) Asia.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, I. C. (1936). Defects of speech: Their nature and their cause (3rd ed.). London: J. M. Dent and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Wee, L. (2004). Singapore English. In E. W. Schneider, K. Burridge, B. Kortmann, R. Mesthrie, & C. Upton (Eds.), A handbook of varieties of English: Vol. 1: Phonology (pp. 1017–1033). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Wells, J. C. (1982). Accents of English (Vols. 1–3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wyld, H. C. (1914). The growth of English. London: John Murray.
   Google Scholar