The democratic legitimacy of codecision

REFERENCES

• Beetham , D. 1991 . The Legitimation of Political Power , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy , R. 2007 . Political Constitutionalism, A Republican Defence of the Consitutionality of Democracy , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bohman , J. 2007 . Democracy across Borders from Demos to Demoi , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1994 . Rethinking the state: genesis and structure of the bureaucratic field . Sociological Theory , 12 ( 1 ) : 1 – 18 . (doi:10.2307/202032)
   Google Scholar
• Buchanan , A. 2002 . Political legitimacy and democracy . Ethics , 112 ( 4 ) : 689 – 719 . (doi:10.1086/340313)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunyan, T. (2007) ‘Statewatch viewpoint: secret trilogues and the democratic deficit’, Statewatch Analysis, available at http://www.statewatch.org/analyses/no-64-secret-trilogues.pdf (accessed 16 May 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Burns , C. 2004 . Codecision and the European Commission, a study in declining influence? . Journal of European Public Policy , 11 ( 1 ) : 1 – 18 . (doi:10.1080/1350176042000164271)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheneval, F. and Schimmelfennig, F. (2013) ‘The case for demoicracy in the European Union’, Journal of Common Market Studies 51(2): 334–50.
   Google Scholar
• Christiano , T. 2008 . The Constitution of Equality: Democratic Authority and its Limits , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , I. 2012 . A virtual third chamber for the European Union? National parliaments after the Lisbon Treaty . West European Politics , 35 ( 3 ) : 441 – 65 . (doi:10.1080/01402382.2012.665735)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COSAC . 2011 . Annex to the Sixteenth Bi-Annual Report: Developments in European Union Procedures and Practices Relevant to Parliamentary Scrutiny: Replies of National Parliaments and the European Parliament , Warsaw : COSAC .
   Google Scholar
• Crombez , C. 2003 . The democratic deficit in the European Union. Much ado about nothing? . European Union Politics , 4 ( 1 ) : 101 – 20 . (doi:10.1177/1465116503004001583)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estlund , D. 2008 . Democratic Authority a Philosophical Framework , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament . 1998 . Report on the Moderation of Procedures for the Exercise of Implementing Powers – Comitology , Brussels : European Parliament .
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament . 2003 . On the Proposal for a Council Regulation Adapting the Provisions Relating to Committees which assist the Commission in the Exercise of its Implementing Powers , Brussels : European Parliament .
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament . 2009 . Codecision and Conciliation. A Guide to How the European Parliament Co-legislates under the Lisbon Treaty , Brussels : European Parliament .
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament . 2011 . The Allocation between EU Member States of the Seats in the European Parliament. The Cambridge Compromise , Brussels : European Parliament .
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament . 2012 . Activity Report of the Delegations to the Conciliation Committee , Brussels : European Parliament .
   Google Scholar
• Farrell , H. and Héritier , A. 2004 . Interorganisational negotiation and intraorganisational power in shared decision-making. Early agreements under codecision and their impact on the European Parliament and the Council . Comparative Political Studies , 37 ( 2 ) : 1184 – 212 . (doi:10.1177/0010414004269833)
   Google Scholar
• Ferry , J.-M. 2001 . La Question de L’État Européen , Paris : Gallimard .
   Google Scholar
• Forst , R. 2007 . Das Recht auf Rechtfertigung. Elemente einer Konstruktivistischen Theorie der Gerechtigkeit , Frankfurt am Main : Suhrkamp .
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , N. 1990 . Rethinking the public sphere. A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy . Social Text , 25/26 : 56 – 80 . (doi:10.2307/466240)
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1996 . Between Facts and Norms , Cambridge : Polity .
   Google Scholar
• Häge , F. and Toshkov , D. 2011 . “ Anticipating resistance: the effect of member state preferences on the European Commission's agenda-setting activity ” . In Limerick Papers in Public Administration No. 1 , Limerick : University of Limerick .
   Google Scholar
• Hosli , M. and Machover , M. 2004 . The Nice Treaty and voting rules in the Council: a reply to Moberg . Journal of Common Market Studies , 42 ( 3 ) : 497 – 521 . (doi:10.1111/j.0021-9886.2004.00516.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hix , S. , Noury , A. and Roland , G. 2007 . Democratic Politics in the European Parliament , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• House of Lords . 2007 . The Treaty of Lisbon, an Impact Assessment. Volume II, Evidence , London : European Committee of the House of Lords: S144-147 .
   Google Scholar
• Huber, K. and Shackleton, M. (2013) ‘Codecision: a practitioners’ view from inside the Parliament’, Journal of European Public Policy 20(7), doi: 10.1080/13501763.2013.795396.
   Google Scholar
• Kiiver , P. 2012 . The Early Warning System for the Principle of Subsidiarity. Constitutional Theory and Empirical Reality , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Krehbiel , K. 1991 . Information and Legislative Organisation , Ann Arbor , MI : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lord , C. 2004 . A Democratic Audit of the European Union , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Lord , C. and Beetham , D. 2001 . Legitimising the EU: is there a post-parliamentary basis for its legitimation? . Journal of Common Market Studies , 39 ( 3 ) : 443 – 62 . (doi:10.1111/1468-5965.00298)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord , C. and Magnette , P. 2004 . E Pluribus Unum? Creative disagreement about legitimacy in the EU . Journal of Common Market Studies , 42 ( 1 ) : 183 – 202 . (doi:10.1111/j.0021-9886.2004.00482.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord, C. and Tamvaki, D. (2013) ‘The politics of justification? Applying the “Discourse Quality Index” to the European Parliament’, European Political Science Review 5(1): 27–54.
   Google Scholar
• Lukes , S. 1974 . Power. A Radical View , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Majone , G. 2005 . Dilemmas of European Integration. The Ambiguities and Pitfalls of Integration by Stealth , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Manin , B. 1995 . Principes du Gouvernement Représentatif , Paris : Calman-Lévy .
   Google Scholar
• Mény , Y. 2002 . De la Démocratie en Europe: old concepts and new challenges . Journal of Common Market Studies , 41 ( 1 ) : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mill , J. S. 1972 [1861] . Utilitarianism, On Liberty and Considerations on Representative Government , London : Dent .
   Google Scholar
• Moravcsik , A. 2002 . In defence of the “democratic deficit”: reassessing legitimacy in the European Union . Journal of Common Market Studies , 40 ( 4 ) : 603 – 24 . (doi:10.1111/1468-5965.00390)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naurin , D. 2009 . Most common when least important: deliberation in the European Union Council of Ministers . British Journal of Political Science , 40 ( 1 ) : 31 – 50 . (doi:10.1017/S0007123409990251)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyer , J. 2010 . Justice not democracy: legitimacy in the European Union . Journal of Common Market Studies , 48 ( 4 ) : 903 – 21 . (doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02079.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoläidis , K. 2004 . The new constitution as European “demoi-cracy”? . Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy , 7 ( 1 ) : 76 – 93 . (doi:10.1080/1369823042000235985)
   Google Scholar
• Obholzer , L. and Reh , C. 2012 . “ How to negotiate under co-decision in the EU. Reforming trilogues and first-reading agreements ” . In CEPS Policy Brief 270 , Brussels : CEPS .
   Google Scholar
• O'Brennan , J. and Raunio , T. 2007 . National Parliaments within the Enlarged European Union. From ‘Victims’ of Integration to Competitive Actors? , Edited by: O'Brennan , J. and Raunio , T. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Penrose , L. 1946 . The elementary statistics of majority voting . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , 109 ( 1 ) : 53 – 7 . (doi:10.2307/2981392)
   Google Scholar
• Pettit , P. 2005 . From republic to democracy: a comment on Henry Richardson . Philosophy and Phenomenological Research , 71 ( 1 ) : 196 – 203 . (doi:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2005.tb00441.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawls , J. 1993 . Political Liberalism , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rawls , J. 2007 . Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, edited by Samuel Freeman , Cambridge , MA : Belknap .
   Google Scholar
• Reif , K.-H. and Schmitt , H. 1980 . Nine second-order national elections, a conceptual framework for the analysis of European election results . European Journal of Political Research , 8 ( 1 ) : 3 – 45 . (doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00737.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson , H. 2002 . Democratic Autonomy: Public Reasoning about the Ends of Policy , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rittberger , B. 2012 . Institutionalising representative democracy in the European Union: the case of the European Parliament . Journal of Common Market Studies , 50 ( 1 ) : 18 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosanvallon , P. 2008 . La Légitimité Démocratique: Impartialité, Reflexivité, Proximité , Paris : Seuil .
   Google Scholar
• Scharpf , F. 2006 . The joint-decision trap revisited . Journal of Common Market Studies , 44 ( 4 ) : 845 – 64 . (doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00665.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharpf , F. 2009 . Legitimacy in the multilevel European polity . European Political Science Review , 1 ( 2 ) : 173 – 204 . (doi:10.1017/S1755773909000204)
   Google Scholar
• Schmitt , H. and Thomassen , J. 2000 . Dynamic representation: the case of European integration . European Union Politics , 1 ( 3 ) : 318 – 39 . (doi:10.1177/1465116500001003003)
   Google Scholar
• Steiner , J. , Bächtiger , A. , Spörndli , M. and Steenbergen , M. 2004 . Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stie , A. E. 2013 . Democratic Decision-Making in the EU. Technocracy in Disguise , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Stone Sweet , A. 2010 . The European Court of Justice and the judicialisation of justice . Living Reviews in European Governance , 5 ( 2 ) available at www.livingreviews.org/lreg-2010-2 (accessed 21 May 2013)
   Google Scholar
• Stone Sweet , A. and Brunell , T. 2012 . The European Court of Justice, state noncompliance and the politics of override . American Political Science Review , 106 ( 1 ) : 204 – 13 . (doi:10.1017/S0003055412000019)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsebelis , G. and Garrett , G. 2001 . The institutional foundations of intergovernmentalism and supranationalism in the European Union . International Organization , 55 ( 2 ) : 357 – 90 . (doi:10.1162/00208180151140603)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weale , A. 1999 . Democracy , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , M. 1972 . Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft , Tübingen : Mohr .
   Google Scholar
• Widgrén, M. (2006) Budget Allocation in an Expanding European Union. A Power Politics Approach, Stockholm: Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Winzen , T. 2012 . National parliamentary control of European Union affairs: a cross-national and longitudinal comparison . West European Politics , 35 ( 3 ) : 657 – 72 . (doi:10.1080/01402382.2012.665745)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar