The role of ruminant animals in sustainable livestock intensification programs

References

• Arrow K, Bolin B, Costanza R, Dasgupta P, Folke C, Holling CS, Jansson B-O, Levin S, Mäler K-G, Perrings C, Pimentel D. 1995. Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment. Science. 268:520–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atuhaire AM, Mugerwa S, Okello S, Lapenga KO, Kabi F, Kabirizi JM. 2014. Prioritization of crop residues for improving productivity on smallholder dairy farming households in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda. Open J Anim Sci. 4:103–111.
   Google Scholar
• Bahmani HR, Aslaminejad AA, Tahmoorespur M, Salehi S. 2011. Reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows under smallholder production system in Kurdistan province of Iran. J Appl Anim Res. 39:375–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayemi PH, Webb EC, Ndambi A, Ntam F, Chinda V. 2009. Impact of management interventions on smallholder dairy farms of the western highlands of Cameroon. Trop Anim Health Prod. 41:907–912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell BM, Thornton P, Zougmoré R, Van Asten P, Lipper L. 2014. Sustainable intensification: what is its role in climate smart agriculture? Curr Opin Environ Sustain. 8:39–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capper JL. 2011a. The environmental impact of beef production in the United States: 1977 compared with 2007. J Anim Sci. 89:4249–4261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capper JL. 2011b. Replacing rose-tinted spectacles with a high-powered microscope: the historical versus modern carbon footprint of animal agriculture. Anim Front. 1:26–32.
   Google Scholar
• Capper JL. 2012. Is the grass always greener? Comparing the environmental impact of conventional, natural and grass-fed beef production systems. Animals. 2:127–143.
   Google Scholar
• Capper JL. 2013. Should we reject animal source foods to save the planet? A review of the sustainability of global livestock production. S Afr J Anim Sci. 43:233–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capper JL, Cady RA. 2012. A comparison of the environmental impact of Jersey compared with Holstein milk for cheese production1. J Dairy Sci. 95:165–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capper JL, Cady RA, Bauman DE. 2009. The environmental impact of dairy production: 1944 compared with 2007. J Anim Sci. 87:2160–2167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capper JL, Castañeda-Gutiérrez E, Cady RA, Bauman DE. 2008. The environmental impact of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) use in dairy production. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 105:9668–9673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capper JL, Hayes DJ. 2012. The environmental and economic impact of removing growth-enhancing technologies from U.S. beef production. J Anim Sci. 90:3527–3537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerosaletti PE, Fox DG, Chase LE. 2004. Phosphorus reduction through precision feeding of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 87:2314–2323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheeke PR. 1999. Contemporary issues in animal agriculture. 2nd ed. Danville (CA): Interstate Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Cole NA. 2003. Precision feeding: opportunities and limitations. In: Proceedings of the Plains Nutrition Council Conference. Amarillo: Texas A&M Research and Extension Center.
   Google Scholar
• [CAST] Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. 1999. Animal agriculture and global food supply [Internet]. Ames (IA): Council for Agricultural Science and Technology; 92 p. (Task force report no. 135); [cited 2014 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.cast-science.org/
   Google Scholar
• CAST. 2012. Water and land issues associated with animal agriculture: A U.S. perspective [Internet]. Ames (IA): Council for Agricultural Science and Technology; 24 p. (Issue Paper; no. 50); [cited 2014 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.cast-science.org/
   Google Scholar
• CAST. 2013. Animal feed vs. human food: challenges and opportunities in sustaining animal agriculture toward 2050 [Internet]. Ames (IA): Council for Agricultural Science and Technology; 16 p. (Issue Paper; no. 53); [cited 2014 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.cast-science.org/
   Google Scholar
• Craine JM, Ocheltree TW, Nippert JB, Towne EG, Skibbe AM, Kembel SW, Fargione JE. 2013. Global diversity of drought tolerance and grassland climate-change resilience. Nat Clim Change. 3:63–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croney CC, Apley M, Capper JL, Mench JA, Priest S. 2012. Bioethics symposium: the ethical food movement: what does it mean for the role of science and scientists in current debates about animal agriculture? J Anim Sci. 90:1570–1582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckard RJ, Grainger C, De Klein CAM. 2010. Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: a review. Livest Sci. 130:47–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eghball B. 2002. Soil properties as influenced by phosphorus- and nitrogen-based manure and compost applications. Agron J. 94:128–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esilaba AO, Nyende P, Nalukenge G, Byalebeka JB, Delve RJ, Ssali H. 2005. Resource flows and nutrient balances for crop and animal production in smallholder farming systems in eastern Uganda. Agric Ecosys Environ. 109:192–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fath BD. 2014. Sustainable systems promote wholeness-extending transformations: the contributions of systems thinking. Ecol Modell. 293:42–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiksel J. 2003. Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environ Sci Technol. 37:5330–5339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folke C. 2006. Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global Environ Change. 16:253–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fon Tebug S, Kasulo V, Chikagwa-Malunga S, Wiedemann S, Roberts DJ, Chagunda MGG. 2012. Smallholder dairy production in Northern Malawi: production practices and constraints. Trop Anim Health Prod. 44:55–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization. 2002. Cattle and small ruminant production systems in sub-Saharan Africa; a systematic review. Rome: FAO; 98 p.
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization. 2006. Livestock’s long shadow: environmental issues and options. Rome: FAO; 407 p.
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization. 2011. Climate change, water and food security [Internet]. Rome: FAO; 174 p. ( FAO Water Report; no. 36); [cited 2014 Jan 15]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2096e/i2096e00.htm
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization. 2014. Investing in the livestock sector; why good numbers matter; a sourcebook for decision makers on how to improve livestock data [Internet]. Rome: FAO; 132 p. [cited 2015 Apr 10]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/927b6d22-2763-5a7a-bd15-60d5b2ea4c86/
   Google Scholar
• Forrester JW. 1961. Industrial dynamics. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Forrester JW. 1971. Principles of systems. Cambridge (MA): Wright-Allen Press.
   Google Scholar
• Forrester JW. 1973. World dynamics. Cambridge (MA): Wright-Allen Press.
   Google Scholar
• Garnett T, Appleby MC, Balmford A, Bateman IJ, Benton TG, Bloomer P, Burlingame B, Dawkins M, Dolan L, Fraser D, et al. 2013. Sustainable intensification in agriculture: premises and policies. Science. 341:33–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnett T, Godfray C. 2012. Sustainable intensification in agriculture: navigating a course through competing food system priorities [Internet]. Oxford: University of Oxford; 51 p. [cited 2015 Feb 13]. Available from: http://www.futureoffood.ox.ac.uk/sustainable-intensification
   Google Scholar
• Gerber PJ, Hristov AN, Henderson B, Makkar H, Oh J, Lee C, Meinen R, Montes F, Ott T, Firkins J, et al. 2013. Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review. Animal. 7:220–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill M. 2013. Converting feed into human food: the multiple dimensions of efficiency [Internet]. In: Makkar HPS, Beever D editors. Proceedings of the FAO Animal Production and Health, No. 16; 2012 Nov 27; Bangkok. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies; p. 1–13. [cited 2015 Feb 13]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3331e/i3331e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Goodell J. 2010. How to cool the planet: geoengineering and the audacious quest to fix earth’s climate. New York (NY): Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
   Google Scholar
• Hermansen JE, Kristensen T. 2011. Management options to reduce the carbon footprint of livestock products. Anim Front. 1:33–39.
   Google Scholar
• Herrero M, Thornton PK. 2013. Livestock and global change: emerging issues for sustainable food systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 110:20878–20881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertel TW. 2011. The global supply and demand for agricultural land in 2050: a perfect storm in the making? Am J Agric Econ. 93:259–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilker T, Lyapustin AI, Tucker CJ, Hall FG, Myneni RB, Wang Y, Bi J, Mendes de Moura Y, Sellers PJ. 2014. Vegetation dynamics and rainfall sensitivity of the Amazon. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 111:16041–16046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg BW. 1991. Compensatory growth in ruminants. In: Pearson AM, Dutson TR, editors. Growth regulation in farm animals, vol. 7. London: Elsevier Science; p. 103–134.
   Google Scholar
• Holling CS. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 4:1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Holling CS. 1996. Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. In: Schulze P, edtior. Engineering within ecological constraints. Washington (DC): National Academy Press; p. 31–43.
   Google Scholar
• Hristov AN, Oh J, Lee C, Meinen R, Montes F, Ott T, Firkins J, Rotz A, Dell C, Adesogan A, et al. 2013. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in livestock production; a review of technical options for non-CO₂ emissions [Internet]. Rome: FAO; 206 p. (FAO Animal Production and Health Paper; no. 177); [cited 2014 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3288e/i3288e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• [IUCN] International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2005. The IUCN programme 2005–2008: many voices, one earth [Internet]. In: Proceedings of the 3rd World Conservation Congress; 2004 Nov 17–25; Bangkok. The World Conservation Union; [cited 2015 Feb 13]. Available from: https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/8600
   Google Scholar
• Janzen HH. 2011. What place for livestock on a re-greening earth? Anim Feed Sci Technol. 166–167:783–796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juma C, Tabo R, Wilson K, Conway G. 2013. Innovation for sustainable intensification in Africa [Internet]. The Montpellier Panel. London: Agriculture for Impact. [cited 2015 Jan 27]. Available from: http://ag4impact.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/MP2013_0047_Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kahmen A, Perner J, Buchmann N. 2005. Diversity-dependent productivity in semi-natural grasslands following climate perturbations. Funct Ecol. 19:594–601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klausner SD, Fox DG, Rasmussen CN, Pitt RE, Tylutki TP, Wright PE, Chase LE, Stone WC. 1998. Improving dairy farm sustainability I: an approach to animal and crop nutrient management planning. J Prod Agric. 11:225–233.
   Google Scholar
• Knapp JR, Laur GL, Vadas PA, Weiss WP, Tricarico JM. 2014. Invited review: enteric methane in dairy cattle production: quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions. J Dairy Sci. 97:3231–3261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruska RL, Reid RS, Thornton PK, Henninger N, Kristjanson PM. 2003. Mapping livestock-oriented agricultural production systems for the developing world. Ag Syst. 77:39–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyper TW, Struik PC. 2014. Epilogue: global food security, rhetoric, and the sustainable intensification debate. Curr Opin Environ Sustain. 8:71–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lander L. 2015. Sustainability education: is thinking the key? Sustain J Rec. 8:27–31.
   Google Scholar
• Laurance WF, Sayer J, Cassman KG. 2014. Agricultural expansion and its impacts on tropical nature. Trends Ecol Evol. 29:107–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Gal P-Y, Bernard J, Moulin C-H. 2013. Supporting strategic thinking of smallholder dairy farmers using a whole farm simulation tool. Trop Anim Health Prod. 45:1119–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Mooney H, Hull V, Davis SJ, Gaskell J, Hertel T, Lubchenco J, Seto KC, Gleick P, Kremen C, Li S. 2015. Systems integration for global sustainability. Science. 347:1258832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lofgren ET, Halloran ME, Rivers CM, Drake JM, Porco TC, Lewis B, Yang W, Vespignani A, Shaman J, Eisenberg JNS, et al. 2014. Opinion: mathematical models: a key tool for outbreak response. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 111:18095–18096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig D, Walker B, Holling CS. 1997. Sustainability, stability, and resilience. Ecol Soc. 1:1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Luhmann N. 1996. Social systems. D Baecker, Bednarz J, translator. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maani KE, Cavana RY. 2007. Systems thinking, system dynamics: managing change and complexity. Rosendale: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Makkar HPS. 2013. Towards sustainable animal diets [Internet]. In: Makkar HPS, Beever D, edtiors. Proceedings of the FAO Animal Production and Health, No. 16; 2012 Nov 27, Bangkok. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies; p. 67–74. [cited 2015 Feb 13]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3331e/i3331e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Makkar HPS, Ankers P. 2014. Towards sustainable animal diets: a survey-based study. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 198:309–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meadows DH, Meadows D. 2007. The history and conclusions of The Limits to Growth. Syst Dyn Rev. 23:191–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meadows DH, Meadows DL, Randers J, Behrens III WW. 1972. The limits to growth: a report for the club of Rome’s project on the predicament of mankind [Internet]. New York (NY): Universe Books; [cited 2014 Dec 31]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growth
   Google Scholar
• Mekonnen H, Dehninet G, Kelay B. 2010. Dairy technology adoption in smallholder farms in “Dejen” district, Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod. 42:209–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore FC, Lobell DB. 2015. The fingerprint of climate trends on European crop yields. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 112:2670–2675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morecroft J. 2007. Strategic modelling and business dynamics: a feedback systems approach. New York (NY): John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Musemwa L, Muchenje V, Mushunje A, Zhou L. 2012. The impact of climate change on livestock production amongst the resource-poor farmers of third world countries: a review. Asian J Agric Rural Dev. 2:621–631.
   Google Scholar
• Nampanya S, Khounsy S, Rast L, Young JR, Bush RD, Windsor PA. 2014. Progressing smallholder large-ruminant productivity to reduce rural poverty and address food security in upland northern Lao PDR. Anim Prod Sci. 54:899–907.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council. 2010. Toward sustainable agricultural systems in the 21st century. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council. 2012. A sustainable challenge: food security for all: report of two workshops. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council. 2015. Critical role of animal science research in food security and sustainability. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Olesen I, Groen AF, Gjerde B. 2000. Definition of animal breeding goals for sustainable production systems. J Anim Sci. 78:570–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oltjen JW, Beckett JL. 1996. Role of ruminant livestock in sustainable agricultural systems. J Anim Sci. 74: 1406–1409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons D, Nicholson CF, Blake RW, Ketterings QM, Ramírez-Avilés L, Fox DG, Tedeschi LO, Cherney JH. 2010. Development and evaluation of an integrated simulation model for assessing smallholder crop-livestock production in Yucatán, Mexico. Ag Syst. 104:1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patten BC. 1978. Systems approach to the concept of environment. Ohio J Sci. 78:206–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry BD, Grace D, Sones K. 2013. Current drivers and future directions of global livestock disease dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 110:20871–20877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson AT. 2003. Predicting the geography of species’ invasions via ecological niche modeling. Q Rev Biol. 78:419–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson HC. 2011. An epistemology for agribusiness: peers, methods and engagement in the agr-food bio system. Int Food Agribusiness Manag Rev. 14:11–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston TR. 1990. Future strategies for livestock production in tropical third world countries. Ambio. 19:390–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pretty J. 1997. The sustainable intensification of agriculture. Nat Resour Forum. 21:247–256.
   Google Scholar
• Pretty J, Toulmin C, Williams S. 2011. Sustainable intensification in African agriculture. Int J Agric Sustain. 9:5–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley DG, Arthington JD, Chase CC, Coleman SW, Griffin JL, Rae DO, Mader TL, Olson TA. 2011. Evaluation of 2 sources of Angus cattle under South Florida subtropical conditions. J Anim Sci. 2011:2265–2272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley DG, Chase Jr CC, Coleman SW, Olson TA. 2012. Genetic assessment of rectal temperature and coat score in Brahman, Angus, and Romosinuano crossbred and straightbred cows and calves under subtropical summer conditions. Livest Sci. 148:109–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ripple WJ, Newsome TM, Wolf C, Dirzo R, Everatt KT, Galetti M, Hayward MW, Kerley GIH, Levi T, Lindsey PA, et al. 2015. Collapse of the world’s largest herbivores. Sci Adv. 1:E1400103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockström J, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Hoff H, Rost S, Gerten D. 2009. Future water availability for global food production: the potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change. Water Resour Res. 45:W00A12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotz CA, Isenberg BJ, Stackhouse-Lawson KR, Pollak EJ. 2013. A simulation-based approach for evaluating and comparing the environmental footprints of beef production systems1. J Anim Sci. 91:5427–5437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotz CA, Montes F, Chianese DS. 2010. The carbon footprint of dairy production systems through partial life cycle assessment. J Dairy Sci. 93:1266–1282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rueda BL, Blake RW, Nicholson CF, Fox DG, Tedeschi LO, Pell AN, Fernandes ECM, Valentim JF, Carneiro JC. 2003. Production and economic potentials of cattle in pasture-based systems of the western Amazon region of Brazil. J Anim Sci. 81:2923–2937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan WJ. 1990. Compensatory growth in cattle and sheep. Nutr Abstr Rev (Series B). 60:653–664.
   Google Scholar
• Sabine CL, Heimann M, Artaxo P, Bakker DCE, Che C-TA, Field CB, Gruber N, Le Quéré C, Prinn RG, Richey JE, et al. 2004. Current status and past trends of the global carbon cycle. In: Field CB, Raupach MR, editors. The global carbon cycle: integrating humans, climate, and the natural world. Washington (DC): Island Press; p. 17–44.
   Google Scholar
• Schimel D, Stephens BB, Fisher JB. 2015. Effect of increasing CO2 on the terrestrial carbon cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 112:436–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidhuber J, Tubiello FN. 2007. Global food security under climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 104:19703–19708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seward NW, VerCauteren KC, Witmer GW, Engeman RM. 2004. Feral swine impacts on agriculture and the environment. Sheep Goat Res J. 19:34–40.
   Google Scholar
• Silanikove N, Koluman N. 2015. Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones: predications on the overall negative impact and on the positive role of dairy goats in adaptation to earth warming. Small Ruminant Res. 123:27–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow VO, Rotz CA, Moore AD, Martin-Clouaire R, Johnson IR, Hutchings NJ, Eckard RJ. 2014. The challenges – and some solutions – to process-based modelling of grazed agricultural systems. Environ Model Softw. 62:420–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stackhouse KR, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Mitloehner FM. 2011. Greenhouse gas and alcohol emissions from feedlot steers and calves. J Environ Qual. 40:899–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterman JD. 2000. Business dynamics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. New York (NY): Irwin McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Sterman JD. 2008. Risk communication on climate: mental models and mass balance. Science. 322:532–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struik PC, Kuyper TW, Brussaard L, Leeuwis C. 2014. Deconstructing and unpacking scientific controversies in intensification and sustainability: why the tensions in concepts and values? Curr Opin Environ Sustain. 8:80–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stür WW, Horne PM, Gabunada Jr FA, Phengsavanh P, Kerridge PC. 2002. Forage options for smallholder crop–animal systems in Southeast Asia: working with farmers to find solutions. Ag Syst. 71:75–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suriyasathaporn W. 2011. Epidemiology of subclinical mastitis and their antibacterial susceptibility in smallholder dairy farms, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. J Anim Vet Adv. 10:316–321.
   Google Scholar
• Swiatkiewicz S, M S, Arczewska-Wlosek A, Jozefiak D. 2014. Genetically modified feeds and their effect on the metabolic parameters of food-producing animals: a review of recent studies. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 198:1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi LO, Callaway TR, Muir JP, Anderson R. 2011. Potential environmental benefits of feed additives and other strategies for ruminant production. R Bras Zootec. 40:291–309.
   Google Scholar
• Tedeschi LO, Cavalcanti LFL, Fonseca MA, Herrero M, Thornton PK. 2014. The evolution and evaluation of dairy cattle models for predicting milk production: an agricultural model intercomparison and improvement project (AgMIP) for livestock. Anim Prod Sci. 54:2052–2067.
   Google Scholar
• Tedeschi LO, Fox DG, Tylutki TP. 2003. Potential environmental benefits of ionophores in ruminant diets. J Environ Qual. 32:1591–1602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi LO, Herrero M, Thornton PK. 2014. An overview of dairy cattle models for predicting milk production: their evolution, evaluation, and application for the agricultural model intercomparison and improvement project (AgMIP) for Livestock. Copenhagen: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). (CCAFS working paper; no. 94); [cited 2015 Feb 6]. Available from: https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/56628
   Google Scholar
• Tedeschi LO, Nicholson CF, Rich E. 2011. Using system dynamics modelling approach to develop management tools for animal production with emphasis on small ruminants. Small Ruminant Res. 98:102–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Montpellier Panel. 2013. Sustainable intensification: a new paradigm for African agriculture [Internet]. London: Agriculture for Impact; [cited 2015 Jan 27]. Available from: http://ag4impact.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Montpellier-Panel-Report-2013-Sustainable-Intensification-A-New-Paradigm-for-African-Agriculture-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• The Royal Society. 2009. Reaping the benefits: science and the sustainable intensification of global agriculture [Internet]. London: The Royal Society; 72 p. [cited 2015 Feb 13]. Available from: https://royalsociety.org/policy/publications/2009/reaping-benefits/
   Google Scholar
• Thornton PK, Herrero M. 2010. Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 107:19667–19672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilman D, Cassman KG, Pa M, Naylor R, Polasky S. 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature. 418:671–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tittonell P. 2014. Ecological intensification of agriculture – sustainable by nature. Curr Opin Environ Sustain. 8:53–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. 1987. Report of the world commission on environment and development: our common future [Internet]. Geneva: United Nations; 300 p. [cited 2015 Jan 28]. Available from: http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm
   Google Scholar
• United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2013. World population prospects; the 2012 revision [Internet]. New York (NY): United Nations; [cited 2015 Feb 1]. Available from: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Uphoff N. 2014. Systems thinking on intensification and sustainability: systems boundaries, processes and dimensions. Curr Opin Environ Sustain. 8:89–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Eenennaam AL. 2013. Genetics and sustainable animal agriculture. In: Kebreab E, editor. Sustainable animal agriculture. Wallingford: CAB International; p. 53–66.
   Google Scholar
• Vargas CA, Olson TA, Chase CC, Hammond AC, Elzo MA. 1999. Influence of frame size and body condition score on performance of Brahman cattle. J Anim Sci. 77: 3140–3149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasconcelos JT, Greene LW, Cole NA, Brown MS, McCollum III FT, Tedeschi LO. 2006. Effects of phase feeding of protein on performance, blood urea nitrogen concentration, manure nitrogen: phosphorus ratio, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci. 84:3032–3038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasconcelos JT, Tedeschi LO, Fox DG, Galyean ML, Greene LW. 2007. Review: feeding nitrogen and phosphorus in beef cattle feedlot production to mitigate environmental impacts. Prof Anim Scient. 23:8–17.
   Google Scholar
• Verma M, Godbout S, Brar SK, Solomatnikova O, Lemay SP, Larouche JP. 2012. Biofuels production from biomass by thermochemical conversion technologies. Int J Chem Eng. 2012:1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Volaire F, Barkaoui K, Norton M. 2014. Designing resilient and sustainable grasslands for a drier future: adaptive strategies, functional traits and biotic interactions. Eur J Agron. 52:81–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren K. 2008. Strategic management dynamics. West Sussex: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• White RR, Capper JL. 2013. An environmental, economic, and social assessment of improving cattle finishing weight or average daily gain within U.S. beef production. J Anim Sci. 91:5801–5812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiati R, Adiarto A, Hertanto BS. 2012. Profitability of smallholder dairy farms based on the performance of lactating cows and fresh milk market prices at lowland areas of Yogyakarta. J Indonesian Trop Anim Agric. 37:132–138.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson JM. 2011. Re-defining efficiency of feed use by livestock. Animal. 5:1014–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrigley EA. 1988. The limits to growth: Malthus and the classical economists. Popul Dev Rev. 14:30–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young JR, Rast L, Suon S, Bush RD, Henry LA, Windsor PA. 2014. The impact of best practice health and husbandry interventions on smallholder cattle productivity in southern Cambodia. Anim Prod Sci. 54:629–637.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilberman D. 2015. IPCC AR5 overlooked the potential of unleashing agricultural biotechnology to combat climate change and poverty. Glob Chang Biol. 21:501–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zvinorova P, Halimani T, Mano R, Ngongoni N. 2013. Viability of smallholder dairying in Wedza, Zimbabwe. Trop Anim Health Prod. 45:1007–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar