References
- Alexander , J.C. 2004 . “ Toward a theory of cultural trauma ” . In Cultural trauma and collective identity , Edited by: Alexander , J.C. , Eyerman , R. , Giesen , B. , Smelser , N.J. and Sztompka , P. 1 – 30 . Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
- Amishai-Maisels , Z. 1999 . “ The demonization of the ‘Other’ in the visual arts ” . In Demonizing the Other: Anti-Semitism, racism and xenophobia , Edited by: Wistrich , R.S. 44 – 72 . Amsterdam : Harwood Academic Publishers .
- Arian , A. 1995 . Security threatened: Surveying Israeli opinion on peace and war , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Baranowsky , A.B. , Young , M. , Johnson-Douglas , S. , Williams-Keeler , L. and McCarrey , M. 1997 . PTSD transmission: A review of secondary traumatisation in Holocaust survivor families . Canadian Psychology , 39 : 247 – 256 .
- Bar-On , D. 2008 . The others within us: Constructing Jewish-Israeli identity , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Bar-On , D. , Eland , J. , Kleber , R.J. , Krell , R. , Moore , Y. , Sagi , A. , Soriano , E. , Suedfeld , P. , van der Velden , P.G. and van Ijzendoorn , M.H. 1998 . Multigenerational perspectives and coping with the Holocaust experience: An attachment perspective for understanding the developmental sequelae of trauma across generations . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 22 ( 2 ) : 315 – 338 .
- Bar-Tal , D. 1991 . Contents and origins of the Israelis’ beliefs about security . International Journal of Group Tensions , 21 : 237 – 261 .
- Bar-Tal , D. 2007 . Societal-psychological foundations of intractable conflicts . American Behavioral Scientist , 50 ( 11 ) : 1430 – 1453 .
- Bar-Tal , D. and Antebi , D. 1992 . Siege mentality in Israel . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 16 : 251 – 275 .
- Bar-Tal , D. and Teichman , Y. 2005 . Stereotypes and prejudice in conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish society , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Baumeister , R.F. 1991 . Meanings of life , New York , NY : Guilford Press .
- Baumeister , R.F. and Leary , M.R. 1995 . The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation . Psychological Bulletin , 117 : 497 – 529 .
- Ben-Amos , A. and Bet-El , I. 1999 . Holocaust Day and Memorial Day in Israeli schools: Ceremonies, education and history . Israel Studies , 4 : 258 – 284 .
- Ben-Eliezer , U. 1998 . The making of Israeli militarism , Bloomington , IN : Indiana University Press .
- Blumner , N. 2006 . The Holocaust as stark reminder: Ethno-national identity, diaspora and the ideological process(es) of memory . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association , 10 August 2006 , Montreal Convention Center , Montreal , Quebec, Canada .
- Breakwell , G.M. 1986 . Coping with threatened identities , London : Methuen .
- Breakwell , G.M. 1988 . Strategies adopted when identity is threatened . Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale , 1 ( 2 ) : 189 – 203 .
- Breakwell , G.M. 1992 . “ Processes of self-evaluation: Efficacy and estrangement ” . In Social psychology of identity and the self concept , Edited by: Breakwell , G.M. 35 – 55 . London : Academic Press/Surrey University Press .
- Breakwell , G.M. 1993 . Social representations and social identity . Papers on Social Representations , 2 ( 3 ) : 1 – 20 .
- Breakwell , G.M. 2001 . “ Social representational constraints upon identity processes ” . In Representations of the social: Bridging theoretical traditions , Edited by: Deaux , K. and Philogene , G. 271 – 284 . Oxford : Blackwell .
- Breakwell , G.M. and Millward , L.J. 1997 . Sexual self-concept and sexual risk taking . Journal of Adolescence , 20 : 29 – 41 .
- Chaitin , J. 2000 . Facing the Holocaust in generations of families of survivors: The case of partial relevance and interpersonal values . Contemporary Family Therapy , 22 ( 3 ) : 289 – 313 .
- Chandler , M.J. , Lalonde , C.E. , Sokol , B. , & Hallett , D. 2003 . Personal persistence, identity development, and suicide: A study of Native and non-Native North American adolescents . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 68 2 , Serial No. 273 .
- Chen , S. , Chen , K.Y. and Shaw , L. 2004 . Self-verification motives at the collective level of self-definition . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 86 : 77 – 94 .
- Cinnirella , M. 1997 . “ Ethnic and national stereotypes: A social identity perspective ” . In Beyond Pug's Tour: National and ethnic stereotyping in theory and literary practice , Edited by: Barfoot , C.C. 253 – 274 . Amsterdam : Editions Rodopi .
- Cohen , R. 1996 . Diasporas and the nation-state: From victims to challengers . International Affairs , 72 ( 3 ) : 507 – 520 .
- Elon , A. 1981 . The Israelis: Founders and sons , Tel Aviv : Adam .
- Friedländer , S. 1999 . “ ‘Europe's inner demons’: The ‘Other’ as threat in early twentieth-century European culture ” . In Demonizing the Other: Anti-Semitism, racism and xenophobia , Edited by: Wistrich , R.S. 210 – 222 . Amsterdam : Harwood Academic Publishers .
- Gaertner , S.L. and Dovidio , J.F. 2000 . Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model , Philadelphia , PA : Psychology Press .
- Gecas , V. 1982 . The self-concept . Annual Review of Sociology , 8 : 1 – 33 .
- Gilbert , M. 1982 . Atlas of the Holocaust , London : Michael Joseph .
- Glicksman , A. and van Haitsma , K. 2002 . The social context of adaptation to traumatic events: Soviet Jews and the Holocaust . Journal of Clinical Geropsychology , 8 ( 3 ) : 227 – 237 .
- Golsworthy , R. and Coyle , A. 1999 . Spiritual beliefs and the search for meaning among older adults following partner loss . Mortality , 4 : 21 – 40 .
- Harmand , J. , Ashlock , L.E. and Miller , T.W. 1993 . Treating posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam combat veterans: An existential perspective . Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy , 23 : 281 – 291 .
- Jaspal , R. 2011 . Caste, social stigma and identity processes . Psychology and Developing Societies , 23 ( 2 ) : 27 – 62 .
- Jaspal , R. , & Cinnirella , M. 2010 . The construction of ethnic identity: Insights from identity process theory . Manuscript submitted for publication .
- Jaspal , R. and Cinnirella , M. 2010a . Coping with potentially incompatible identities: Accounts of religious, ethnic and sexual identities from British Pakistani men who identify as Muslim and gay . British Journal of Social Psychology , 49 ( 4 ) : 849 – 870 .
- Jaspal , R. and Cinnirella , M. 2010b . Media representations of British Muslims and hybridised threats to identity . Contemporary Islam Dynamics of Muslim Life , 4 ( 3 ) : 289 – 310 .
- Jaspal , R. and Coyle , A. 2009 . Language and perceptions of identity threat . Psychology and Society , 2 ( 2 ) : 150 – 167 .
- Jaspal , R. and Coyle , A. 2010 . ‘Arabic is the language of the Muslims. That's how it was supposed to be’: Exploring language and religious identity through reflective accounts from young second generation British-born Asians . Mental Health, Religion and Culture , 13 ( 1 ) : 17 – 36 .
- Jaspal , R. and Coyle , A. 2010b . ‘My language, my people’: Language and ethnic identity among British-born South Asians . South Asian Diaspora , 2 ( 2 ) : 201 – 218 .
- Jaspal , R. , & Sitaridou , I. 2010 . Coping with stigmatised linguistic identities: Identity threat and ethnolinguistic vitality among Andalusians . Manuscript submitted for publication .
- Kellerman , N.P.E. 2001 . Psychopathology in children of Holocaust survivors: A review of the research literature . Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences , 38 ( 1 ) : 36 – 46 .
- Kelman , H.C. 1997 . “ Nationalism, patriotism and national identity: Social psychological dimensions ” . In Patriotism in the lives of individuals and nations , Edited by: Bar-Tal , D. and Staub , E. 165 – 189 . Chicago , IL : Nelson-Hall .
- Kimmerling , B. and Backer , I. 1985 . The interrupted system: Israeli civilians in war and routine times , New Brunswick , NJ : Transaction .
- Kulka , O.D. 1999 . “ The critique of Judaism in modern European thought ” . In Demonizing the Other: Anti-Semitism, racism and xenophobia , Edited by: Wistrich , R.S. 196 – 209 . Amsterdam : Harwood Academic Publishers .
- La Guardia , J.G. , Ryan , R.M. , Couchman , C.E. and Deci , E.L. 2000 . Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment and well-being . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 79 : 367 – 384 .
- Lazar , A. , Litvak-Hirsch , T. and Chaitin , J. 2008 . Between culture and family: Jewish Israeli young adults’ relation to the Holocaust as a cultural trauma . Traumatology , 14 ( 4 ) : 93 – 102 .
- Lazarus-Yafeh , H. 1999 . “ Jews and Christians in medieval Muslim thought ” . In Demonizing the Other: Anti-Semitism, racism and xenophobia , Edited by: Wistrich , R.S. 88 – 107 . Amsterdam : Harwood Academic Publishers .
- Leary , M.R. , Schreindorfer , L.S. and Haupt , A.L. 1995 . The role of low self-esteem in emotional and behavioral problems: Why is low self-esteem dysfunctional? . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 14 : 297 – 314 .
- Levin-Rozalis , M. 2000 . Social representations as emerging from social structure: The case of Ethiopian immigrants to Israel . Papers on Social Representations , 1.1–1.22 .
- Linn , R. 1996 . The emergence of Holocaust memories in the moral dilemmas of objecting Israeli soldiers during the Intifada . Social Behavior and Personality , 24 ( 2 ) : 133 – 142 .
- Moscovici , S. 1988 . Notes towards a description of social representations . European Journal of Social Psychology , 18 : 211 – 250 .
- Moscovici , S. and Hewstone , M. 1983 . “ Social representations and social explanation: From the ‘naïve’ to the ‘amateur’ scientist ” . In Attribution theory: Social and functional extensions , Edited by: Hewstone , M. 98 – 125 . Oxford : Blackwell .
- Netanyahu , B. 2009 . Have you no shame? Speech delivered at the United Nations General Assembly , 24 September 2009 .
- Oren , N. 2010 . Israeli identity formation and the Arab-Israeli conflict in election platforms, 1969–2006 . Journal of Peace Research , 47 ( 2 ) : 193 – 204 .
- Pauley , B.F. 2002 . From prejudice to persecution: A history of Austrian Anti-Semitism , Chapel Hill , NC : University of North Carolina Press .
- Rakover , S. 1997 . HaShoha VeHaMedina: Aimet HaKilayoin [The Holocaust and the state: The horror of destruction] . Dapin LeCheker Tekufat HaShoa , 14 , 21 49 ( in Hebrew ).
- Remennick , L. 2008 . Contested motherhood in the ethnic state: Voices from an Israeli postpartum ward . Ethnicities , 8 ( 2 ) : 199 – 226 .
- Sachar , H.M. 1985 . Diaspora: An inquiry into the contemporary Jewish world , Cambridge : Harper & Row .
- Salmons , P. 2003 . Teaching or preaching? The Holocaust and intercultural education in the UK . Intercultural Education , 14 ( 2 ) : 139 – 149 .
- Schaverien , J. 1998 . Inheritance: Jewish identity and the legacy of the Holocaust mediated through art psychotherapy groups . British Journal of Psychotherapy , 15 ( 1 ) : 65 – 79 .
- Schweitzer , M. and Perry , F.M. 2002 . Antisemitism: Myth and hate from antiquity to the present , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
- Segev , T. 1992 . The seventh million , Jerusalem : Keter .
- Shechter , H. , & Salomon , G. 2004 . Does vicarious experience of suffering affect empathy for an adversary? The effects of Israelis' visit to Auschwitz on their empathy for Palestinians . Unpublished manuscript, University of Haifa, Center for Research on Peace Education .
- Simon , B. 2004 . Identity in modern society: A social psychological perspective , Oxford : Blackwell .
- Smith , J.A. 1996 . Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology . Psychology and Health , 11 : 261 – 271 .
- Smith , J.A. , Harré , R. and van Langenhove , L. 1995 . “ Idiography and the case-study ” . In Rethinking psychology , Edited by: Smith , J.A. , Harré , R. and van Langenhove , L. 59 – 69 . London : Sage .
- Smith , J.A. and Osborn , M. 2008 . “ Interpretative phenomenological analysis ” . In Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to methods , 2nd ed , Edited by: Smith , J.A. 53 – 80 . London : Sage .
- Solomon , Z. 1998 . “ Transgenerational effects of the Holocaust ” . In International handbook of multigenerational legacies of trauma , Edited by: Danieli , Y. 69 – 83 . New York , NY : Plenum Press .
- Stein , H.F. 1978 . Judaism and the group-fantasy of martyrdom: The psychodynamic paradox of survival through persecution . Journal of Psychohistory , 6 : 151 – 210 .
- Stephan , W.G. and Stephan , C.W. 2000 . “ An integrated threat theory of prejudice ” . In Reducing prejudice and discrimination , Edited by: Oskamp , S. 23 – 46 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
- Stone , R.A. 1982 . Social change in Israel , New York , NY : Praeger .
- Tajfel , H. and Turner , J. C. 1979 . “ An integrative theory of intergroup conflict ” . In Social psychology of intergroup relations , Edited by: Austin , W. G. and Worchel , S. 33 – 48 . Monterey , CA : Brooks/Cole .
- Triandafyllidou , A. 2001 . Immigrants and national identity in Europe , London : Routledge .
- van Ijzendoorn , M.H. , Bakermans-Kranenburg , M.J. and Sagi-Schwartz , A. 2003 . Are children of Holocaust survivors less well-adapted? A meta-analytic investigation of secondary traumatization . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 16 : 459 – 469 .
- Vignoles , V.L. , Chryssochoou , X. and Breakwell , G.M. 2000 . The distinctiveness principle: Identity, meaning and the bounds of cultural relativity . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 4 : 337 – 354 .
- Vignoles , V.L. , Chryssochoou , X. and Breakwell , G.M. 2002 . Evaluating models of identity motivation: Self-esteem is not the whole story . Self & Identity , 1 : 201 – 218 .
- Vignoles , V.L. , Regalia , C. , Manzi , C. , Golledge , J. and Scabini , E. 2006 . Beyond self-esteem: Influence of multiple motives on identity construction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 90 ( 2 ) : 308 – 333 .
- Wistrich , R.S. 1999a . “ Introduction: The Devil, the Jews and hatred of the ‘Other ” . In Demonizing the Other: Anti-Semitism, racism and xenophobia , Edited by: Wistrich , R.S. 1 – 16 . Amsterdam : Harwood Academic Publishers .
- Wistrich , R.S. 1999b . “ Xenophobia and anti-Semitism in the New Europe: The case of Germany ” . In Demonizing the Other: Anti-Semitism, racism and xenophobia , Edited by: Wistrich , R.S. 349 – 365 . Amsterdam : Harwood Academic Publishers .