References
- Arrow , K. 1962 . “ Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for inventions ” . In The Rate and Direction of inventive Activity , Edited by: Nelson , R. Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Bayona , C. , García-Marco , T. and Huerta , E. 2001 . Firms' motivations for cooperative R&D: an empirical analysis of Spanish firms . Research Policy , 30 : 1289 – 1307 .
- Bianco , M. and Casavola , P. 1999 . Italian corporate governance: effects on financial structure and firm performance . European Economic Review , 43 : 1057 – 1069 .
- Cassiman , B. and Veugelers , R. 1998 . R&D cooperation and spillovers: some empirical evidence , Universitat Pompeu Fabra . working paper
- Cohen , W. M. and Levin , R. C. 1989 . “ Innovation and market structure ” . In Handbook of Industrial Organization , Edited by: Schmalensee , R. and Willing , R. 1059 – 1107 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publisher .
- d'Aspremont , C. and Jacquemin , A. 1988 . Cooperative and noncooperative R&D in duopoly with spillovers . American Economic Review , 78 : 1133 – 1137 .
- Grossman , S. and Hart , O. 1986 . The costs and benefits of ownership: a theory of vertical and lateral integration . Journal of Political Economy , 94 : 691 – 719 .
- Hart , O. and Moore , J. 1990 . Property rights and the nature of the firm . Journal of Political Economy , 98 : 1119 – 1158 .
- Heckman , J. 1979 . Sample selection bias as a specification error . Econometrica , 47 : 153 – 161 .
- Henderson , R. M. and Cockburn , I. M. 1996 . Scale, scope and spillovers: determinants of research productivity in the pharmaceutical industry . Rand Journal of Economics , 27 : 32 – 59 .
- Kamien , M. I. , Muller , E. and Zang , I. 1992 . Research joint ventures and R&D cartels . American Economic Review , 92 : 1293 – 1306 .
- Kleinknecht , A. and Reijnen , J. 1992 . Why do firms cooperate on R&D? An empirical study . Research Policy , 21 : 347 – 360 .
- Levin , R. C. and Reiss , P. C. 1988 . Cost-reducing and demand-creating R&D with spillovers . Rand Journal of Economics , 19 : 538 – 556 .
- Schumpeter , J. 1943 . Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy , London : Unwin University Press .
- Veugelers , R. and Cassiman , B. 1999 . Make and buy in innovation strategy: evidence from Belgian manufacturing firms . Research Policy , 28 : 63 – 80 .