The Obama effect? Inspiration and ACT scores

References

• Aronson, J., S. Jannone, M. McGlone, and T. Johnson-Campbell. 2009. “The Obama Effect: An Experimental Test.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (4): 957–960. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, J. 2009. “Black first family ‘changes everything’.” CNN, January 21. http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/01/15/obama.family/index.html?eref=rss_to.
   Google Scholar
• Bowean, D., L. Trice, and S. Olkon. 2008. “Transformed by Obama’s Win.” Chicago Tribune, November 9.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, D. 2001. “The Effect of Admissions Test Preparation: Evidencefrom NELS:88..” CHANCE 14 (1), 10–18. DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2001.10542245.
   Google Scholar
• Buchmann, C., D. J. Condron, and V. J. Roscigno. 2010. “Shadow education, American style: Test preparation, the SAT and college enrollment.” Social Forces 89 (2): 435–461. doi:10.1353/sof.2010.0105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Card, D., and J. Rothstein. 2007. “Racial Segregation and the Black-White Test Score Gap.” Journal of Public Economics 91 (11): 2158–2184. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.03.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Columb, C., and E. Ashby Plant. 2011. “Revisiting the Obama Effect: Exposure to Obama Reduces Implicit Prejudice.”.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 47 (2): 499–501. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.11.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon, S. 2009. Inauguration Is Inspiring Classroom Nationwide. New York Times.
   Google Scholar
• Figlio, D. N. 2005. “Names, Expectations and the Black-White Test Score Gap.” Tech. rep., National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Fryer Jr, R. G., and S. D. Levitt. 2004. “Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 86 (2): 447–464. doi:10.1162/003465304323031049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, Alan B, Diane M Whitmore. 2001. Would Smaller Classes Help Close the Black-White Achievement Gap?. Vol. 451. Industrial Relations Section. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. 2002. “Racial and Ethnic Achievement Gap Trends: Reversing the Progress toward Equity?” Educational Researcher 31 (1): 3–12. doi:10.3102/0013189X031001003.
   Google Scholar
• Linden, A. 2015. “Conducting Interrupted Time-Series Analysis for Single-And Multiple-Group Comparisons.” The Stata Journal 15 (2): 480–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linden, A. 2017. “A Comprehensive Set of Postestimation Measures to Enrich Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.” Stata Journal 17 (1): 73–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marx, D. M., S. J. Ko, and R. A. Friedman. 2009. “The ‘Obama Effect’: How a Salient Role Model Reduces Race-Based Differences.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (4): 953–956. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montopoli, Brian. 2009. “What Has Obama Meant For Black America?” CBS News, April 28. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-has-obama-meant-for-black-america/
   Google Scholar
• Neal, D. A., and W. R. Johnson. 1996. “The Role of Premarket Factors in Black-White Wage Differences.”.” Journal of Political Economy 104 (5): 869–895. doi:10.1086/262045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plant, E. A., P. G. Devine, W. T. L. Cox, C. Columb, S. L. Miller, J. Goplen, and B. Michelle Peruche. 2009. “The Obama Effect: Decreasing Implicit Prejudice and Stereotyping.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (4): 961–964. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.04.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacerdote, Bruce et al. 2011. “Peer Effects in Education: How Might They Work, How Big Are They and How Much Do We Know Thus Far.” Handbook of the Economics of Education 3 (3): 249–277.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, K., and B. A. Nosek. 2010. “Implicit (And Explicit) Racial Attitudes Barely Changed during Barack Obama’s Presidential Campaign and Early Presidency.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46 (2): 308–314. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shorter, M. 2017. Obama Showed a Generation of Black Men They Can Be More than Athletes and Entertainers: Whatever His Legacy, There’s No Denying Obama’s Impact on Inspiring Black America. CBC News.
   Google Scholar
• Sowell, T. 2005. Black Rednecks & White Liberals. San Francisco: Encounter Books.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, B. 2017. Bankole: What Obama Means to Black Children. The Detroit News.
   Google Scholar