Age of acquisition effects depend on the mapping between representations and the frequency of occurrence: Empirical and computational evidence

References

• Barry , C , Morrison , C. M. and Ellis , A. W. 1997 . Naming the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures: Effects of age of acquisition, frequency and name agreement . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 50A : 560 – 585 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , G. D. A. and Watson , F. L. 1987 . First in, last out: Word learning age and spoken word frequency as predictors of word familiarity and word naming latency . Memory and Cognition , 15 : 208 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brysbaert , M. , van Wijnendaele , I. and de Deyne , S. 2000 . Age-of-acquisition effects in semantic processing tasks . Ada Psychologica , 104 : 215 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll , J. B. and White , M. N. 1973 . Word frequency and age-of-acquisition as determiners of picture-naming latency . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 25 : 85 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuetos , F. , Aguado , G. , Izura , C and Ellis , A. W. 2002 . Aphasic naming in Spanish: Predictors and errors . Brain and Language , 82 : 344 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , A. W. and Lambon Ralph , M. A. 2000 . Connectionist networks can provide a natural account of age of acquisition effects in adult lexical processing . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 26 : 1103 – 1123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , A. W. , Lum , C and Lambon Ralph , M. A. 1996 . On the use of regression techniques for the analysis of single-case aphasic data . Journal of Neurolinguistics , 9 : 165 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , A. W. and Monaghan , J. 2002 . Reply to Strain, Patterson and Seidenberg (2002) . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 28 : 215 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , A. W. and Morrison , C. M. 1998 . Real age of acquisition effects in lexical retrieval . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 24 : 515 – 523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud , S. (1935) . On aphasia (E. Stengel, Trans.) . London : Imago . (Original work published 1891)
   Google Scholar
• Gerhand , S. and Barry , C. 1998 . Word frequency effects in oral reading are not merely age-of-acquisition effects in disguise . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 24 : 267 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhand , S. and Barry , C. 1999 . Age of acquisition and frequency effects in speeded word naming . Cognition , 73 : B27 – B36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilhooly , K. J. and Watson , F. L. 1981 . Word age-of-acquisition effects: A review . Current Psychological Research , 1 : 269 – 286 .
   Google Scholar
• Hirsh , K. W. and Ellis , A. W. 1994 . Age of acquisition and lexical processing in aphasia: A case study . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 11 : 435 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambon Ralph , M. A. , Graham , K. S. , Ellis , A. W. and Hodges , J. R. 1998 . Naming in semantic dementia—what matters? . Neuropsychologia , 36 : 775 – 784 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambon Ralph , M. A. and Howard , D. 2000 . Gogi aphasia or semantic dementia? Simulating and assessing poor verbal comprehension in a case of progressive fluent aphasia . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 17 : 437 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , M. B. 1999 . Age of acquisition in face categorisation: Is there an instance-based account? . Cognition , 71 : B23 – B39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , J. L. , McNaughton , B. L. and O'Reilly , R. C. 1995 . Why there are complementary learning-systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory . Psychological Review , 102 : 419 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloskey , M. and Cohen , N. J. 1989 . “ Catastrophic interference in connectionist networks: The sequential learning problem ” . In The psychology of learning and motivation , Edited by: Bower , G. H. 109 – 165 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Monaghan , J. and Ellis , A. W. 2002a . Age of acquisition and the completeness of phonological representations . Reading and Writing , 15 : 759 – 788 .
   Google Scholar
• Monaghan , J. and Ellis , A. W. 2002b . What exactly interacts with spelling–sound consistency in word naming? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 28 : 183 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsell , S. 1991 . “ The nature and locus of word frequency effects in reading ” . In Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition , Edited by: Besner , D. and Humphreys , G. W. 148 – 197 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , V. and Valentine , T. 1998 . The effect of age of acquisition on speed and accuracy of naming famous faces . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 51A : 485 – 513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , V. and Valentine , T. 1999 . “ The effects of age of acquisition in processing famous faces and names: Exploring the locus and proposing a mechanism ” . In Proceedings of the twenty-first annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Vancouver , 148 – 197 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , C. M. (1993) . Loci and roles of word age of acquisition and word frequency in lexical processing . Unpublished doctoral dissertation , University of York, UK .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , C. M. , Chappell , T. D. and Ellis , A. W. 1997 . Age of acquisition norms for a large set of object names and their relation to adult estimates and other variables . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 50A : 528 – 559 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison , C. M. and Ellis , A. W. 1995 . Roles of word frequency and age of acquisition in word naming and lexical decision . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 21 : 116 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison , C. M. , Ellis , A. W. and Quinlan , P. T. 1992 . Age of acquisition, not word frequency, affects object naming, not object recognition . Memory and Cognition , 20 : 705 – 714 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton , J. 1969 . The interaction of information in word recognition . Psychological Review , 76 : 340 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Munro , P. W. 1986 . “ State-dependent factors influencing neural plasticity: A partial account of the critical period ” . In Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition: Vol 2. Psychological and biological models , Edited by: McClelland , J. L. and Rumelhart , D. E. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nickels , L. and Howard , D. 1995 . Aphasic naming: What matters? . Neuropsychologia , 33 : 1281 – 1303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaut , D. C. 2002 . Graded modality-specific specialization in semantics: A computational account of optic aphasia . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 19 : 603 – 639 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaut , D. C , McClelland , J. L. , Seidenberg , M. S. and Patterson , K. 1996 . Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains . Psychological Review , 103 : 56 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaut , D. C. and Shallice , T. 1993 . Deep dyslexia: A case study of connectionist neuropsychology . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 10 : 377 – 500 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidenberg , M. and McClelland , J. L. 1989 . A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming . Psychological Review , 96 : 523 – 568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snodgrass , J. G. and Vanderwart , M. 1980 . A standardised set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , 6 : 174 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strain , E. , Patterson , K. and Seidenberg , M. S. 2002 . Theories of word naming interact with spelling–sound consistency . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 28 : 207 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrace , H. S. 1963 . Discrimination learning with and without “errors” . Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , 6 : 1 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , J. E. , Valentine , T. and Ellis , A. W. 1998 . Age of acquisition, not word frequency, affects auditory lexical decision . Memory and Cognition , 26 : 1281 – 1291 .
   Google Scholar
• Vitkovitch , M. and Tyrrell , L. 1995 . Sources of disagreement in object naming . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 48A : 822 – 848 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zevin , J. D. and Seidenberg , M. S. 2002 . Age of acquisition effects in word reading and other tasks . Journal of Memory and Language , 47 : 1 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zevin , J. D. , Seidenberg , M. S. and Bottjer , S. W. 2004 . Limits on reacquisition of song in adult zebra finches exposed to white noise . Journal of Neuroscience , 24 : 5849 – 5862 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar