689
Views
37
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SECTION IV: BEYOND RACE: “OWN VERSUS OTHER” EFFECTS IN OTHER DOMAINS

The own-species face bias: A review of developmental and comparative data

&
Pages 1364-1391 | Received 23 Feb 2013, Accepted 27 Jun 2013, Published online: 09 Aug 2013

REFERENCES

  • Anzures, G., Quinn, P. C., Pascalis, O., Slater, A. M., & Lee, K. (2013). Development of own- and other-race biases. Visual Cognition, doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.821428
  • Aylward, E. H., Park, J. E., Field, K. M., Parsons, A. C., Richards, T. L., Cramer, S. C., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2005). Brain activation during face perception: Evidence of a developmental change. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 308–319. doi:10.1162/0898929053124884
  • Balas, B. (2013). Developing race categories in infancy via bayesian face recognition. Visual Cognition, doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.800622
  • Balas, B., & Moulson, M. C. (2011). Developing a side bias for conspecific faces during childhood. Developmental Psychology, 47, 1472–1478. doi:10.1037/a0024494
  • Balas, B., Westerlund, A., Hung, K., & NelsonIII, C. A. (2011). Shape, color and the other-race effect in the infant brain. Developmental science, 14, 892–900.
  • Bentin, S., Allison, T., Puce, A., Perez, A., & McCarthy, A. (1996). Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 551–565. doi:10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.551
  • Burt, D. M., & Perrett, D. I. (1997). Perceptual asymmetries in judgements of facial attractiveness, age, gender, speech and expression. Neuropsychologia, 35, 685–693. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00111-X
  • Butler, S., Gilchrist, I. D., Burt, D. M., Perrett, D. I., Jones, E., & Harvey, M. (2005). Are the perceptual biases found in chimeric face processing reflected in eye-movement patterns? Neuropsychologia, 43, 52–59. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.005
  • Campbell, R., Pascalis, O., Coleman, M., Wallace, S. B., & Benson, P. J. (1997). Are faces of different species perceived categorically by human observers? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, 264B, 1429–1434. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0199
  • Cantlon, J. F., Pinel, P., Dehaene, S., & Pelphrey, K. A. (2011). Cortical representations of symbols, objects, and faces are pruned back during early childhood. Cerebral Cortex, 21, 191–199. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq078
  • Carmel, D., & Bentin, S. (2002). Domain specificity vs. expertise: Factors influencing distinct processing of faces. Cognition, 83, 1–29. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(01)00162-7
  • Conway, C. A., Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., Little, A. C., & Sahraie, A. (2008). Transient pupil constrictions to faces are sensitive to orientation and species. Journal of Vision, 8, 1–11. doi:10.1167/8.3.17
  • Dahl, C. D., Logothetis, N. K., Bülthoff, H. H., & Wallraven, C. (2010). The Thatcher illusion in humans and monkeys. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 277B, 2973–2981. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0438
  • Dahl, C. D., Logothetis, N. K., Bülthoff, H. H., & Wallraven, C. (2011). Second-order relational manipulations affect both humans and monkeys, PLoS One, 6, 1–7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025793
  • Dahl, C. D., Logothetis, N. K., & Hoffman, K. L. (2007). Individuation and holistic processing of faces in Rhesus monkeys. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, 274B, 2069–2076. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0477
  • Dahl, C. D., Rasch, M. J., Tomonaga, M., & Adachi, I. (2013). Developmental processes in face perception. Scientific Reports of Cetacean Research, 3, 1044.
  • Dahl, C. D., Wallraven, C., Bülthoff, H. H., & Logothetis, N. K. (2009). Humans and macaques employ similar face-processing strategies. Current Biology, 19, 509–513. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.061
  • de Haan, M., Pascalis, O., & Johnson, M. H. (2002). Specialization of neural mechanisms underlying face recognition in human infants. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 199–209. doi:10.1162/089892902317236849
  • de Heering, A., Rossion, B., & Maurer, D. (2012). Developmental changes in face recognition during childhood: Evidence from upright and inverted faces. Cognitive Development, 27, 17–27. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2011.07.001
  • Di Giorgio, E., Leo, I., Pascalis, O., & Simion, F. (2012). Is the face-perception system human-specific at birth? Developmental Psychology, 48, 1083–1090. doi:10.1037/a0026521
  • Diamond, R., & Carey, S. (1977). Developmental changes in the representation of faces. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 23, 1–22. doi:10.1016/0022-0965(77)90069-8
  • Diamond, R., & Carey, S. (1986). Why faces are and are not special: An effect of expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 107–117. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.115.2.107
  • Dufour, V., Coleman, M., Campbell, R., Petit, O., & Pascalis, O. (2004). On the species-specificity of face recognition in human adults. Current Psychology of Cognition, 22, 315–333.
  • Dufour, V., Pascalis, O., & Petit, O. (2006). Face processing limitation to own species in primates: A comparative study in brown capuchins, Tonkean macaques and humans. Behavioral Processes, 73, 107–113. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.04.006
  • Dufour, V., & Petit, O. (2009). Recognition of monkey faces by monkey experts. Journal of Ethology, 28, 231–238.
  • Fair, J., Flom, R., Jones, J., & Martin, J. (2012). Perceptual learning: 12-month-olds' discrimination of monkey faces. Child Development, 83, 1996–2006. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01814.x
  • Fantz, R. L. (1961). The origin of form perception. Scientific American, 204, 66–72. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0561-66
  • Farah, M. J., Rabinowitz, C., Quinn, G. E., & Liu, G. T. (2000). Early commitment of neural substrates for face recognition. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 17, 117–123. doi:10.1080/026432900380526
  • Farah, M. J., Tanaka, J. W., & Drain, H. M. (1995). What causes the face inversion effect? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 628–634. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.21.3.628
  • Freire, A., Lee, K., & Symons, L. (2000). The face-inversion effect as a deficit in the encoding of configural information: Direct evidence. Perception, 29, 159–170. doi:10.1068/p3012
  • Fujita, K. (1990). Species preference by infant macaques with controlled social experience. International Jounral of Primatology, 11, 553–573. doi:10.1007/BF02197057
  • Gathers, A. D., Bhatt, R., Corbly, C. R., & Joseph, J. E. (2004). Developmental shifts in cortical loci for face and object recognition. NeuroReport, 15, 1549–1553. doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000133299.84901.86
  • Gilbert, C., & Bakan, P. (1973). Visual asymmetry in perception of faces. Neuropsychologia, 11, 355–362. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(73)90049-3
  • Goren, C. C., Sarty, M., & Wu, P. Y. K. (1975). Visual following and pattern discrimination of face-like stimuli by newborn infants. Pediatrics, 56, 544–549.
  • Grossmann, T., Missana, M., Friederici, A. D., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2012). Neural correlates of perceptual narrowing in cross-species face-voice matching. Developmental Science, 15, 830–839. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01179.x
  • Halit, H., de Haan, M., & Johnson, M. H. (2003). Cortical specialisation for face processing: Face-sensitive event-related potential components in 3- and 12-month-old infants. NeuroImage, 18, 1180–1193. doi:10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00076-4
  • Haxby, J. V., Gobbini, M. I., Furey, M. L., Ishai, A., Schouten, J. L., & Pietrini, P. (2001). Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex. Science, 293, 2425–2430. doi:10.1126/science.1063736
  • Heron-Delaney, M., Wirth, S., & Pascalis, O. (2011). Infants' knowledge of their own species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences, 366B, 1753–1763. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0371
  • Hirata, S., Fuwa, K., Sugama, K., Jusunoki, J., & Fujita, S. (2010). Face perception of conspecifics: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) preferentially attend to proper orientation and open eyes. Animal Cognition, 13, 679–688. doi:10.1007/s10071-010-0316-y
  • Hugenberg, K., Young, S. G., Bernstein, M. J., & Sacco, D. F. (2010). The categorization-individuation model: An integrative account of the other-race recognition deficit. Psychological Review, 117, 1168–1187. doi:10.1037/a0020463
  • Ishai, A., Ungerleider, L. G., Martin, A., Schouten, J. L., & Haxby, J. V. (1999). Distributed representation of objects in the human ventral visual pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 96, 9379–9384. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9379
  • Itier, R. J., Van Roon, P., & Alain, C. (2011). Species sensitivity of early face and eye processing. NeuroImage, 54(1), 705–713. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.031
  • Ito, T., & Senholzi, K. (2013). Us versus Them: Understanding the Process of Race Perception with Event-Related Brain Potentials. Visual Cognition, doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.821430
  • Johnson, M. H., & Morton, J. (1991). CONSPEC and CONLERN: A two-process theory of infant face recognition. Psychological Review, 98, 164–181. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.204
  • Joyce, C., & Rossion, B. (2005). The face-sensitive N170 and VPP components manifest the same brain processes: The effect of reference electrode site. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116, 2613–2631. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.07.005
  • Kelly, D. J., Liu, S., Lee, K., Quinn, P. C., Pascalis, O., Slater, A. M., & Ge, L. (2009). Development of the other-race effect during infancy: Evidence toward universality? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 104, 105–114. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2009.01.006
  • Kelly, D. J., Quinn, P. C., Slater, A. M., Lee, K., Ge, L., & Pascalis, O. (2007). The other-race effect develops during infancy: Evidence of perceptual narrowing. Psychological Science, 18, 1084–1089. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02029.x
  • Kelly, D. J., Quinn, P. C., Slater, A. M., Lee, K., Gibson, A., Smith, M., … Pascalis, O. (2005). Three-month-olds, but not newborns, prefer own-race faces. Developmental Science, 8, F31–F36. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.0434a.x
  • Leopold, D. A., O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., & Blanz, V. (2001). Prototype-referenced shape encoding revealed by high-level aftereffects. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 89–94. doi:10.1038/82947
  • Levin, D. T. (1996). Classifying faces by race: The structure of face categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1364–1382. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.22.6.1364
  • Levin, D. T. (2000). Race as a visual feature: Using visual search and perceptual discrimination tasks to understand face categories and the cross-race recognition deficit. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 559–574. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.129.4.559
  • Lewkowicz, D. J., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2006). The decline of cross-species intersensory perception in human infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103, 6771–6774. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602027103
  • Lewkowicz, D. J., Leo, I., & Simion, F. (2010). Intersensory perception at birth: Newborns match nonhuman primate faces and voices. Infancy, 15, 46–60. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7078.2009.00005.x
  • Lewkowicz, D. J., Sowinski, R., & Place, S. (2008). The decline of cross-species intersensory perception in human infants: Underlying mechanisms and its developmental persistence. Brain Research, 1242, 291–302. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.084
  • Little, A. C., DeBruine, L. M., Jones, B. C., & Waitt, C. (2008). Category contingent aftereffects for faces of different races, ages and species. Cognition, 106, 1537–1547. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.06.008
  • Macchi-Cassia, V., Turati, C., & Simion, F. (2004). Can a non specific bias toward top-heavy patterns explain newborns' face preference? Psychological Science, 15, 379–383. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00688.x
  • Martin-Malivel, J., & Okada, K. (2007). Human and chimpanzee face recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Role of exposure and impact on categorical perception. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 1145–1155. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1145
  • Maurer, D., Le Grand, R., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 255–260. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4
  • Maurer, D., Mondloch, C. J., & Lewis, T. (2007). Sleeper effects. Developmental Science, 10, 40–47. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00562.x
  • McKone, E., & Crookes, K. (2007). Understanding the developmental origins of primate face recognition: Theoretical commentary on Martin-Malivel and Okada (2007). Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 1437–1441. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1437
  • Meissner, C. A., Brigham, J. C., & Butz, D. A. (2005). Memory for own-and other-race faces: A dual-process approach. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, 545–567. doi:10.1002/acp.1097
  • Mertens, I., Siegmund, H., & Grüsser, O. J. (1993). Gaze motor asymmetries in the perception of faces during a memory task. Neuropsychologia, 31, 989–998. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(93)90154-R
  • Mondloch, C. J., Le Grand, R., & Maurer, D. (2002). Configural face processing develops more slowly than featural face processing. Perception, 31, 553–566. doi:10.1068/p3339
  • Mondloch, C. J., Maurer, D., & Ahola, S. (2006). Becoming a face expert. Psychological Science, 17, 930–934. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01806.x
  • Nelson, C. A. (2001). The development and neural bases of face recognition. Infant and Child Development, 10, 3–18.
  • O'Toole, A. J., & Natu, V. (2013). Computational perspectives on the other-race effect. Visual Cognition, doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.803505
  • Parr, L. A. (2011). The evolution of face processing in primates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, 366B, 1764–1777. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0358
  • Parr, L. A., Dove, T., & Hopkins, W. D. (1998). Why faces may be special: Evidence of the inversion effect in chimpanzees. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 615–622. doi:10.1162/089892998563013
  • Pascalis, O., & Bachevalier, J. (1998). Face recognition in primates: A cross-species study. Behavioural Processes, 43, 87–96. doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(97)00090-9
  • Pascalis, O., de Haan, M., & Nelson, C. A. (2002). Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life? Science, 296, 1321–1323. doi:10.1126/science.1070223
  • Pascalis, O., Demont, E., de Haan, M., & Campbell, R. (2001). Recognition of faces of different species: A developmental study between 5 and 8 years of age. Infant and Child Development, 10, 39–45. doi:10.1002/icd.245
  • Pascalis, O., Scott, L. S., Kelly, D. J., Shannon, R. W., Nicholson, E., Coleman, M., & Nelson, C. A. (2005). Plasticity of face processing in infancy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 102, 5297–5300. doi:10.1073/pnas.0406627102
  • Rhodes, G., Brake, S., & Atkinson, A. P. (1993). What's lost in inverted faces? Cognition, 47, 25–57. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90061-Y
  • Rhodes, G., Brake, S., Taylor, K., & Tan, S. (1989). Expertise and configural coding in face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 80, 313–331. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1989.tb02323.x
  • Rhodes, G., Jeffery, L., Watson, T., Jaquet, E., Winkler, C., & Clifford, C. W. G. (2004). Orientation-contingent face aftereffects and implications for face coding mechanisms. Current Biology, 14, 2119–2123.
  • Riesenhuber, M., Jarudi, I., Gilad, S., & Sinha, P. (2004). Face processing in humans is compatible with a simple shape-based model of vision. Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 271 (Suppl 6 ), S448–S450.
  • Robbins, R. A., Nishimura, M., Mondloch, C. J., Lewis, T. L., & Maurer, D. (2010). Deficits in sensitivity to spacing after early visual deprivation in humans: A comparison of human faces, monkey faces, and houses. Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 775–781. doi:10.1002/dev.20473
  • Rodin, M. J. (1987). Who is memorable to whom: A study of cognitive disregard. Social Cognition, 5, 144–165. doi:10.1521/soco.1987.5.2.144
  • Rossion, B., Delvenne, J. F., Debatisse, D., Goffaux, V., Bruyer, R., Crommelinck, M., & Guerit, J. M. (1999). Spatio-temporal localization of the face inversion effect: An event-related potentials study. Biological Psychology, 50, 173–189. doi:10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00013-7
  • Rossion, B., Joyce, C. A., Cottrell, G. W., & Tarr, M. J. (2003). Early lateralization and orientation tuning for face, word, and object processing in the visual cortex. NeuroImage, 20, 1609–1624. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.07.010
  • Sadeh, B., & Yovel, G. (2010). Why is the N170 enhanced for inverted faces? An ERP competition experiment. NeuroImage, 53, 782–789. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.029
  • Sai, F. Z. (2005). The role of the mother's voice in developing mother's face preference: Evidence for intermodal perception at birth. Infant and Child Development, 14, 29–50. doi:10.1002/icd.376
  • Sangrigoli, S., Pallier, C., Argenti, A., Ventureyra, V., & de Schonen, S. (2005). Reversibility of the other-race effect in face recognition during childhood. Psychological Science, 16, 440–444.
  • Scherf, K. S., Behrmann, M., Humphreys, K., & Luna, B. (2007). Visual category-selectivity for faces, places and objects emerges along different developmental trajectories. Developmental Science, 10, F15–F30. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00595.x
  • Scherf, K. S., & Scott, L. S. (2012). Connecting developmental trajectories: Biases in face processing from infancy to adulthood. Developmental Psychobiology, 54, 643–663. doi:10.1002/dev.21013
  • Schwarzer, G. (2000). Development of face processing: The effect of face inversion. Child Development, 71, 391–401. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00152
  • Scott, L. S., & Monesson, A. (2009). The origin of biases in face perception. Psychological Science, 20, 676–681. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02348.x
  • Scott, L. S., & Monesson, A. (2010). Experience-dependent neural specialization during infancy. Neuropsychologia, 48, 1857–1861. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.008
  • Scott, L. S., & Nelson, C. A. (2006). Featural and configural face processing in adults and infants: A behavioral and electrophysiological investigation. Perception, 35, 1107–1128. doi:10.1068/p5493
  • Scott, L. S., Pascalis, O., & Nelson, C. A. (2007). A domain-general theory of the development of perceptual discrimination. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 197–201. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00503.x
  • Scott, L. S., Shannon, R. W., & Nelson, C. A. (2005). Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of species-specific face processing. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 405–416. doi:10.3758/CABN.5.4.405
  • Scott, L. S., Shannon, R. W., & Nelson, C. A. (2006). Neural correlates of human and monkey face processing in 9-month-old infants. Infancy, 10, 171–186. doi:10.1207/s15327078in1002_4
  • Scott, L. S., Tanaka, J. W., & Curran, T. (2009). Degrees of perceptual expertise. In D. Bub, M. J. Tarr, & I. Gauthier, Perceptual expertise: Bridging brain and behavior (pp. 107–137). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Simion, F., Valenza, E., Macchi Cassia, V., Turati, C., & Umilta, C. (2002). Newborns' preference for up-down asymmetrical configurations. Developmental Science, 5, 427–434. doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00237
  • Simpson, E. A., Varga, K., Frick, J. E., & Fragaszy, D. (2011). Infants experience perceptual narrowing for nonprimate faces. Infancy, 16, 318–328. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7078.2010.00052.x
  • Slater, A. M., & Quinn, P. C. (2001). Face recognition in the newborn infant. Infant and Child Development, 10, 21–24. doi:10.1002/icd.241
  • Smith, L. B., & Thelen, E. (2003). Development as a dynamic system. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 343–348. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00156-6
  • Sporer, S. L. (2001). Recognizing faces of other ethnic groups: An integration of theories. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 8, 36–97.
  • Sugita, Y. (2008). Face perception in monkeys reared with no exposure to faces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 394–398.
  • Sugita, Y. (2009). Innate face processing. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19, 39–44.
  • Tanaka, J. W., Kiefer, M., & Bukach, C. M. (2004). A holistic account of the own-race effect in face recognition: Evidence from a cross-cultural study. Cognition, 93, 1–9.
  • Tarr, M. J., & Gauthier, I. (2000). FFA: A flexible fusiform area for subordinate-level visual processing automatized by expertise. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 764–769.
  • Valentine, T. (1991). A unified account of the effects of distinctiveness, inversion, and race in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43, 161–204.
  • Valenza, E., Simion, F., Macchi Cassia, V., & Umilta, C. (1996). Face preference at birth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 892–903.
  • Vogel, M., Monesson, A., & Scott, L. S. (2012). Building biases in infancy: The influence of race on face and voice emotion matching. Developmental Science, 15, 359–372.
  • Wolff, W. (1933). The experimental study of forms of expression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 2, 168–176.
  • Yin, R. K. (1969). Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 81, 141–145.
  • Yoshikubo, S. (1985). Species discrimination and concept formation by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Primates, 26, 285–299.
  • Zangenehpour, A., Ghazanfar, A. A., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Zatorre, R. J. (2009). Herterochrony and cross-species intersensory matching by infant vervet monkeys. PLoS One, 4, e4302.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.