Probability cueing induced bias does not modulate attention-capture by brief abrupt-onset cues

References

• Al-Janabi, S., & Finkbeiner, M. (2012). Effective processing of masked eye gaze requires volitional control. Experimental Brain Research, 216(3), 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2944-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansorge, U., Horstmann, G., & Scharlau, I. (2011). Top-down contingent feature-specific orienting with and without awareness of the visual input. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 7(−1), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10053-008-0087-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ansorge, U., Kiss, M., & Eimer, M. (2009). Goal-driven attentional capture by invisible colors: Evidence from event-related potentials. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(4), 648–653. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.16.4.648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansorge, U., Kunde, W., & Kiefer, M. (2014). Unconscious vision and executive control: How unconscious processing and conscious action control interact. Consciousness and Cognition, 27, 268–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.05.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansorge, U., & Neumann, O. (2005). Intentions determine the effect of invisible metacontrast-masked primes: Evidence for top-down contingencies in a peripheral cuing task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(4), 762. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.31.4.762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakeman, R. (2005). Recommended effect size statistics for repeated measures designs. Behavior Research Methods, 37(3), 379–384. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodner, G. E., & Mulji, R. (2009). Prime proportion affects masked priming of fixed and free-choice responses. Experimental Psychology, 57(5), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitmeyer, B. G., & Öğmen, H. (2006). Oxford psychology series. Visual masking: Time slices through conscious and unconscious vision (2nd. ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530671.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Chica, A. B., Martín-Arévalo, E., Botta, F., & Lupiánez, J. (2014). The spatial orienting paradigm: How to design and interpret spatial attention experiments. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 40, 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun, M. M. (2000). Contextual cueing of visual attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(5), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01476-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehaene, S., Changeux, J. P., Naccache, L., Sackur, J., & Sergent, C. (2006). Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: A testable taxonomy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(5), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehaene, S., & Naccache, L. (2001). Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition, 79(1-2), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00123-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donk, M., & van Zoest, W. (2008). Effects of salience are short-lived. Psychological Science, 19(7), 733–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02149.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druker, M., & Anderson, B. (2010). Spatial probability aids visual stimulus discrimination. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, article no. 63, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00063
   Google Scholar
• Ferrante, O., Patacca, A., Di Caro, V., Della Libera, C., Santandrea, E., & Chelazzi, L. (2018). Altering spatial priority maps via statistical learning of target selection and distractor filtering. Cortex, 102, 67–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.09.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folk, C. L., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (1992). Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18(4), 1030–1044. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.18.4.1030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francken, J. C., van Gaal, S., & de Lange, F. P. (2011). Immediate and long-term priming effects are independent of prime awareness. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 1793–1800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaspelin, N., Ruthruff, E., & Lien, M.-C. (2016). The problem of latent attentional capture: Easy visual search conceals capture by task-irrelevant abrupt onsets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 42(8), 1104–1120. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gayet, S., Van der Stigchel, S., & Paffen, C. L. (2014). Seeing is believing: Utilization of subliminal symbols requires a visible relevant context. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76(2), 489–507. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-013-0580-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng, J. J., & Behrmann, M. (2005). Spatial probability as an attentional cue in visual search. Perception & Psychophysics, 67(7), 1252–1268. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautus, M. J. (1995). Corrections for extreme proportions and their biasing effects on estimated values ofd′. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 27(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03203619
   Google Scholar
• Held, B., Ansorge, U., & Müller, H. J. (2010). Masked singleton effects. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72(8), 2069–2086. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, A. R., Reuther, J., Hilchey, M. D., & Klein, R. M. (2019). The relationship between spatial attention and eye movements. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 41, 255–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2019_95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ivanoff, J., & Klein, R. M. (2003). Orienting of attention without awareness is affected by measurement-induced attentional control settings. Journal of Vision, 3(1), 4–4. https://doi.org/10.1167/3.1.4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JASP team. (2018). JASP (Version 0.10.0) [Computer software]. https://jasp-stats.org/
   Google Scholar
• Jeffreys, S. H. (1998). The theory of probability (3rd ed). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y. V. (2018). Habitual versus goal-driven attention. Cortex, 102, 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.06.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y. V., Koutstaal, W., & Twedell, E. L. (2016). Habitual attention in older and young adults. Psychology and Aging, 31(8), 970–980. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y. V., Sha, L. Z., & Sisk, C. A. (2018). Experience-guided attention: Uniform and implicit. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 80(7), 1647–1653. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-018-1585-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y. V., Swallow, K. M., & Rosenbaum, G. M. (2013). Guidance of spatial attention by incidental learning and endogenous cuing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(1), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y. V., Swallow, K. M., & Rosenbaum, G. M. (2013). Guidance of spatial attention by incidental learning and endogenous cuing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(1), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y. V., Swallow, K. M., Won, B.-Y., Cistera, J. D., & Rosenbaum, G. M. (2015). Task specificity of attention training: The case of probability cuing. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77(1), 50–66. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0747-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y. V., Won, B.-Y., & Swallow, K. M. (2014). First saccadic eye movement reveals persistent attentional guidance by implicit learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40(3), 1161–1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, J. L., & Kaschak, M. P. (2012). Global statistical learning in a visual search task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(1), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiefer, M., & Martens, U. (2010). Attentional sensitization of unconscious cognition: Task sets modulate subsequent masked semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139(3), 464. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, R. M. (1980). Does oculomotor readiness mediate cognitive control of visual attention? In Nickerson R. S. (Ed.), Attention and performance (Vol. VIII, pp. 259–276). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Koivisto, M., & Neuvonen, S. (2020). Masked blindsight in normal observers: Measuring subjective and objective responses to two features of each stimulus. Consciousness and Cognition, 81, 102929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2020.102929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouider, S., & Dehaene, S. (2007). Levels of processing during non-conscious perception: A critical review of visual masking. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1481), 857–875. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunar, M. A., Flusberg, S., Horowitz, T. S., & Wolfe, J. M. (2007). Does contextual cuing guide the deployment of attention? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33(4), 816–828. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.33.4.816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, A., Naikar, N., McLachlan, K., & Aitken, V. (1999). A new component of visual orienting: Implicit effects of peripheral information and subthreshold cues on covert attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25(2), 321. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.25.2.321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamme, V. A. F. (2003). Why visual attention and awareness are different. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)00013-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamy, D., Alon, L., Carmel, T., & Shalev, N. (2015). The role of conscious perception in attentional capture and object-file updating. Psychological Science, 26(1), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614556777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamy, D., Leber, A. B., & Egeth, H. E. (2012). Selective attention. In A. F. Healy & R. W. Proctor (Eds.), Handbook of psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 265–294). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Lau, H. C., & Passingham, R. E. (2007). Unconscious activation of the cognitive control system in the human prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(21), 5805–5811. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4335-06.2007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M. D., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2014). Bayesian cognitive modeling: A practical course. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leys, C., Ley, C., Klein, O., Bernard, P., & Licata, L. (2013). Detecting outliers: Do not use standard deviation around the mean, use absolute deviation around the median. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(4), 764–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Z., & Murray, S. O. (2014). Priming of awareness or how not to measure visual awareness. Journal of Vision, 14(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1167/14.1.27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection theory: A user’s guide. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maljkovic, V., & Nakayama, K. (1994). Priming of pop-out: I. Role of features. Memory & Cognition, 22(6), 657–672. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maljkovic, V., & Nakayama, K. (1996). Priming of pop-out: II. The role of position. Perception & Psychophysics, 58(7), 977–991. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattler, U. (2003). Priming of mental operations by masked stimuli. Perception & Psychophysics, 65(2), 167–187. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194793
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mattler, U. (2005). Inhibition and decay of motor and nonmotor priming. Perception & Psychophysics, 67(2), 285–300. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206492
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCormick, P. A. (1997). Orienting attention without awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23(1), 168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.23.1.168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulckhuyse, M., Talsma, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2007). Grabbing attention without knowing: Automatic capture of attention by subliminal spatial cues. Visual Cognition, 15(7), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280701307001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulckhuyse, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2010). Unconscious attentional orienting to exogenous cues: A review of the literature. Acta Psychologica, 134(3), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olejnik, S., & Algina, J. (2003). Generalized eta and omega squared statistics: Measures of effect size for some common research designs. Psychological Methods, 8(4), 434–447. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.8.4.434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, M., & Lau, H. (2015). Bayesian ideal observer predicts weak forms of blindsight in normal observers. Journal of Vision, 15(12), 181. https://doi.org/10.1167/15.12.181
   Google Scholar
• Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335558008248231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, S., & Mishra, R. K. (2019). The nature of unconscious attention to subliminal cues. Vision, 3(3), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision3030038
   Google Scholar
• Prasad, S., Patil, G. S., & Mishra, R. K. (2017). Cross-modal plasticity in the deaf enhances processing of masked stimuli in the visual modality. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 8158. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08616-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramsøy, T. Z., & Overgaard, M. (2004). Introspection and subliminal perception. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 3(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PHEN.0000041900.30172.e8
   Google Scholar
• Reuss, H., Kiesel, A., Kunde, W., & Hommel, B. (2011). Unconscious activation of task sets. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(3), 556–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuss, H., Pohl, C., Kiesel, A., & Kunde, W. (2011). Follow the sign! Top-down contingent attentional capture of masked arrow cues. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 7(-1), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10053-008-0091-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rizzolatti, G., Riggio, L., Dascola, I., & Umiltá, C. (1987). Reorienting attention across the horizontal and vertical meridians: Evidence in favor of a premotor theory of attention. Neuropsychologia, 25(1A), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(87)90041-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salovich, N. A., Remington, R. W., & Jiang, Y. V. (2018). Acquisition of habitual visual attention and transfer to related tasks. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(3), 1052–1058. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1341-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandberg, K., Timmermans, B., Overgaard, M., & Cleeremans, A. (2010). Measuring consciousness: Is one measure better than the other? Consciousness and Cognition, 19(4), 1069–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2009.12.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeberl, T., & Ansorge, U. (2019). The impact of temporal contingencies between cue and target onset on spatial attentional capture by subliminal onset cues. Psychological Research, 83(7), 1416–1425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1001-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeberl, T., & Ansorge, U. (2017). Dissociating the capture of attention from saccade activation by subliminal abrupt onsets. Experimental Brain Research, 235(10), 3175–3191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-017-5040-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeberl, T., Fuchs, I., Theeuwes, J., & Ansorge, U. (2015). Stimulus-driven attentional capture by subliminal onset cues. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77(3), 737–748. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0802-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sha, L. Z., Remington, R. W., & Jiang, Y. V. (2018). Statistical learning of anomalous regions in complex faux X-ray images does not transfer between detection and discrimination. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 3(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-018-0144-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaqiri, A., & Anderson, B. (2012). Spatial probability cuing and right hemisphere damage. Brain and Cognition, 80(3), 352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, D. T., & Schenk, T. (2012). The Premotor theory of attention: time to move on?. Neuropsychologia, 50(6), 1104–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.01.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, C., & Yao, H. (2016). Unconscious processing of invisible visual stimuli. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 38917. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38917
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spering, M., & Carrasco, M. (2015). Acting without seeing: Eye movements reveal visual processing without awareness. Trends in Neurosciences, 38(4), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2015.02.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis, S. L., Dux, P. E., & Mattingley, J. B. (2019). Neural correlates of goal-directed enhancement and suppression of visual stimuli in the absence of conscious perception. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 81(5), 1346–1364. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-018-1615-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vadillo, M. A., Konstantinidis, E., & Shanks, D. R. (2016). Underpowered samples, false negatives, and unconscious learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0892-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Stigchel, S., Mulckhuyse, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2009). Eye cannot see it: The interference of subliminal distractors on saccade metrics. Vision Research, 49(16), 2104–2109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.05.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zoest, W., & Donk, M. (2010). Awareness of the saccade goal in oculomotor selection: Your eyes go before you know. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 19(4), 861–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zoest, W., & Donk, M. (2010). Awareness of the saccade goal in oculomotor selection: Your eyes go before you know. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 19(4), 861–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenmakers, E.-J., Love, J., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Ly, A., Verhagen, J., Selker Ravi, Gronau Quentin F., Dropmann Damian, Boutin Bruno, Meerhoff Frans, Knight Patrick, Raj Akash, van Kesteren Erik-Jan, van Doorn Johnny, Šmíra Martin, Epskamp Sacha, Etz Alexander, Matzke Dora, de Jong Tim, … Morey, R. D. (2018). Bayesian inference for psychology. Part II: Example applications with JASP. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1323-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenmakers, E.-J., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Ly, A., Verhagen, J., Love, J., Selker, R., Gronau, Q. F., Šmíra, M., Epskamp, S., Matzke, D., Rouder, J. N., & Morey, R. D. (2018). Bayesian inference for psychology. Part I: Theoretical advantages and practical ramifications. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(1), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1343-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weichselbaum, H., Fuchs, I., & Ansorge, U. (2014). Oculomotor capture by supraliminal and subliminal onset singletons: The role of contrast polarity. Vision Research, 100, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2014.03.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, R. D. (1994). Shifts of visual attention to multiple simultaneous location cues. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale, 48(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.1037/1196-1961.48.2.205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zivony, A., & Lamy, D. (2018). Contingent attentional engagement: Stimulus- and goal-driven capture have qualitatively different consequences. Psychological Science, 29(12), 1930–1941. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618799302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar