The influence of foveal load on parafoveal processing of N + 2 during Chinese reading

References

• Angele, B., Slattery, T. J., & Rayner, K. (2016). Two stages of parafoveal processing during reading: Evidence from a display change detection task. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 23(4), 1241–1249. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0995-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antúnez, L.-P., Dampuré, P. J., & Barber, J., & A, H. (2022). Frequency-based foveal load modulates semantic parafoveal-on-foveal effects. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2022.101071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008). Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 390–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, X., Yan, G., Liversedge, S. P., Zang, C., & Rayner, K. (2008). Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34(5), 1277–1287. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. M., & Walker, S. C. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, Q., & Brysbaert, M. (2010). SUBTLEX-CH: Chinese word and character frequencies based on film subtitles. PLoS ONE, 5, e10729. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1962). The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: A review. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65(3), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drieghe, D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (2008). Mislocated fixations can account for parafoveal-on-foveal effects in eye movements during reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(8), 1239–1249. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210701467953
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engbert, R., & Kliegl, R. (2011). Parallel graded attention models of reading. In S. P. Liversedge, I. D. Gilchrist, & S. Everling (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of eye movements (pp. 787–800). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Findelsberger, E., Hutzler, F., & Hawelka, S. (2019). Spill the load: Mixed evidence for a foveal load effect, reliable evidence for a spillover effect in eye-movement control during Reading. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 81(5), 1442–1453. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01689-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, L., Ma, W., Shen, F., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Warrington, K. L., Liversedge, S. P., & Paterson, K. B. (2021). Adult Age differences in parafoveal preview effects during reading: Evidence from Chinese. Psychology and Aging, 36(7), 822–833. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F. (1990). Effects of foveal processing difficulty on the perceptual span in Reading: Implications for attention and eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16(3), 417–429. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.16.3.417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inhoff, A. W., & Liu, W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.24.1.20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juhasz, B. J., & Pollatsek, A. (2011). Lexical influences on eye movements in reading. In S. P. Liversedge, I. Gilchrist, & S. Everling (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of eye movements (pp. 873–893). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Aassociation, 90(430), 773–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennison, S. M. (1995). Determinants of parafoveal preview benefit in high and low working memory capacity readers: Implications for eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., & Pollatsek, A. (2020). An integrated model of word processing and eye-movement control during Chinese reading. Psychological Review, 127(6), 1139–1162. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liversedge, S. P., Zang, C., Zhang, M., Bai, X., Yan, G., & Drieghe, D. (2014). The effect of visual complexity and word frequency on eye movements during Chinese reading. Visual Cognition, 22(3), 441–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2014.889260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke, S. G. (2018). Influences on and consequences of parafoveal preview in reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 80(7), 1675–1682. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-018-1581-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, Y., Yan, M., & Zhou, X. (2013). Prosodic boundaries delay the processing of upcoming lexical information during silent sentence reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 39(3), 915–930. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morey, R. D., Rouder, J. N., & Jamil, T. (2015). Package “BayesFactor”. R package 0.9.12–2. http://bayesfactorpcl.r-forge.r-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Rayner, K. (1975). The perceptual span and peripheral cues in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 7(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(75)90005-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62(8). https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210902816461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayner, K., & Duffy, S. A. (1986). Lexical ambiguity and fixation times in reading: Effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity. Memory and Cognition, 14, 191–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team, Rf. (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing Vienna, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Reichle, E. D. (2011). Serial-attention models of Reading. In S. P. Liv-ersedge, I. D. Gilchrist, & S. Everling (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of eye movements (pp. 767–786). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schotter, E. R., Angele, B., & Rayner, K. (2012). Parafoveal processing in Reading. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 74(1), 5–35. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-011-0219-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroyens, W., Vitu, F., Brysbaert, M., & d’Ydewalle, G. (1999). Eye movement control during Reading: Foveal load and parafoveal processing. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A, 52(4), 1021–1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slattery, T. J., Angele, B., & Rayner, K. (2011). Eye movements and display change detection during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37(6), 1924–1938. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, H. R. (1978). Applying new design principles to the construction of an illiterate E chart. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 55(5), 348–351. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-197805000-00008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsai, J. L., Kliegl, R., & Yan, M. (2012). Parafoveal semantic information extraction in traditional Chinese reading. Acta Psychologica, 141(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang, Y.-K., & Chen, H.-C. (2012). Eye movement control in reading: Logographic Chinese versus alphabetic scripts. PsyCh Journal, 1(2), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vandekerckhove, J., Matzke, D., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2015). Model comparison and the principle of parsimony. In J. R. Busemeyer, Z. Wang, J. T. Townsend, & A. Eidels (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of computational and mathematical psychology (pp. 300–319). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vasilev, M. R., & Angele, B. (2017). Parafoveal preview effects from word N+ 1 and word N+ 2 during Reading: A critical review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(3), 666–689. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1147-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasilev, M. R., Slattery, T. J., Kirkby, J. A., & Angele, B. (2018). What are the costs of degraded parafoveal previews during silent Reading? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 44(3), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veldre, A., & Andrews, S. (2015). Parafoveal preview benefit is modulated by the precision of skilled readers’ lexical representations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41(1), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veldre, A., & Andrews, S. (2018). How does foveal processing difficulty affect parafoveal processing during Reading? Journal of Memory and Language, 103(December), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2018.08.001
   Google Scholar
• Venables, W. N., & Ripley, B. D. (2002). Modern applied statistics with S (4th ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2
   Google Scholar
• Westfall, J., Kenny, D. A., & Judd, C. M. (2014). Statistical power and optimal design in experiments in which samples of participants respond to samples of stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(5), 2020–2045. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, S. J., Rayner, K., & Liversedge, S. P. (2005). Eye movements and the modulation of parafoveal processing by foveal processing difficulty: A reexamination. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 12(5), 891–896. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, M. (2015). Visually complex foveal words increase the amount of parafoveal information acquired. Vision Research, 111(Part A), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.025
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yan, M., Kliegl, R., Shu, H., Pan, J., & Zhou, X. (2010). Parafoveal load of word N+1 modulates preprocessing effectiveness of word N+2 in Chinese Reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(6), 1669–1676. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, M., Richter, E. M., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2009). Readers of Chinese extract semantic information from parafoveal words. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16(3), 561–566. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.16.3.561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, M., & Sommer, W. (2019). The effects of emotional significance of foveal words on the parafoveal processing of N+ 2 words in Reading Chinese sentences. Reading and Writing, 32(5), 1243–1256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-018-9914-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, M., Zhou, W., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2012). Lexical and sub-lexical semantic preview benefits in Chinese Reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 38(4), 1069–1075. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J., Wang, S., Xu, Y., & Rayner, K. (2009). Do Chinese readers obtain preview benefit from word n+2 ? evidence from Eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(4), 1192–1204. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, L., Cutter, M. G., Yan, G., Bai, X., Fu, Y., Drieghe, D., & Liversedge, S. P. (2016). Word n + 2 preview effects in three-character Chinese idioms and phrases. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31(August), 1130–1149. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2016.1197954
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, M., Liversedge, S. P., Bai, X., Yan, G., & Zang, C. (2019). The influence of foveal lexical processing load on parafoveal preview and saccadic targeting during Chinese Reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 45(6), 812–825. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar