Alfalfa saponins inhibit oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis through the MAPK signaling pathway

References

• Annicchiarico P, Barrett B, Brummer EC, et al. Achievements and challenges in improving temperate perennial forage legumes. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 2015;34:327–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheeke PR. Actual and potential applications of yucca schidigera and quillaja saponaria saponins in human and animal nutrition. In: W Oleszek, A Marston, editor. Saponins in food, feedstuffs and medicinal plants. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2000. p. 241–254.
   Google Scholar
• Apostol L, Iorga S, Mosoiu C, et al. Alfalfa concentrate – a rich source of nutrients for use in food products. Agric Food. 2017;5:66–73.
   Google Scholar
• Sun Z, Chen L, Wang F, et al. Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in human neuroblastoma cells. Neural Regen Res. 2016;11:1159–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma B, Meng X, Wang J, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates amyloid-β-induced damage in neurons by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and modulating MAPK activation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;22:151–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Görlach A, Dimova EY, Petry A, et al. Reactive oxygen species, nutrition, hypoxia and diseases: problems solved? Redox Biol. 2015;6:372–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay U, Das D, Banerjee RK. Reactive oxygen species: oxidative damage and pathogenesis. Curr Sci India. 1999;77:658–666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bahr S. Biochemistry of free radicals and oxidative stress. Sci Int. 2013;1:111–117.
   Google Scholar
• Kannan K, Jain SK. Oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pathophysiology. 2000;7:153–163.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chandra J, Samali A, Orrenius S. Triggering and modulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Free Radical Bio Med. 2000;29:323–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brüne B, Zhou J, Avon K. Nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Kidney Int. 2003;63:S22–S24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell JM, Crenshaw JD, Polo J. The biological stress of early weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013;4:ik.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi YH, Wang J, Guo R, et al. Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on growth performance and some antioxidant indices of weaned piglets. Livest Sci. 2014;167:257–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Castro AM, Martínez C, Salvo-Romero E, et al. Mucosal pathobiology and molecular signature of epithelial barrier dysfunction in the small intestine in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32:53–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celi P, Cowieson AJ, Fru-Nji F, et al. Gastrointestinal functionality in animal nutrition and health: new opportunities for sustainable animal production. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 2017;234:88–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui Y, Liu B, Sun X, et al. Protective effects of alfalfa saponins on oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cells. Food Funct. 2020;11:8133–8140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai X, Zhu L, Chen X, et al. X/XO or H2O2 induced IPEC-J2 cell as a new in vitro model for studying apoptosis in post-weaning piglets. Cytotechnology. 2016;68:713–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoji H, Oguchi S, Fujinaga S, et al. Effects of human milk and spermine on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in IEC-6 cells. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41:460–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng W, Dong XF, Tong JM, et al. Effects of an aqueous alfalfa extract on production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2012;96:85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y, Guo R, Wang X, et al. The regulation of alfalfa saponin extract on key genes involved in hepatic cholesterol metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. PLoS One. 2014;9:e88282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan W, Du H, Zhou L, et al. Digital gene-expression of alfalfa saponin extract on laying hens. Genom Data. 2015;3:97–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paszti-Gere E, Csibrik-Nemeth E, Szeker K, et al. Acute oxidative stress affects IL-8 and TNF-α expression in IPEC-J2 porcine epithelial cells. Inflammation. 2012;35:994–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Zhan X, Hou Y, et al. Coenzyme Q10 regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress in H2O2 induced BMSC death by modulating the Nrf-2/NQO-1 signaling pathway and its application in a model of spinal cord injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;11:6544–6552.
   Google Scholar
• Yan Z, Spaulding HR. Extracellular superoxide dismutase, a molecular transducer of health benefits of exercise. Redox Biol. 2020;32:101508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sies H. Role of metabolic H2O2 generation: redox signaling and oxidative stress. J Biol Chem. 2014;289:8735–8741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keilin D, Hartree EF. Properties of catalase. catalysis of coupled oxidation of alcohols. Biochem J. 1945;39:293–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niedernhofer LJ, Daniels JS, Rouzer CA, et al. Malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic in human cells*. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:31426–31433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai X, Zhu L, Yin X, et al. The protective effects of orthosiphon stamineus extract against intestinal barrier injury in high-fat diet-induced mouse and oxidative stresscell models. Nat Prod Commun. 2021;16:1934578X–20985346X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surai PF, Kochish II, Fisinin VI, et al. Antioxidant defence systems and oxidative stress in poultry biology: An update. Antioxidants. 2019;8:235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar P, Nagarajan A, Uchil PD. Analysis of cell viability by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2018;2018:465–468.
   Google Scholar
• Cadenas E, Davies KJA. Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;29:222–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Wang Y, Hao Y, et al. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol attenuates oxidative damage and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through activation of the SIRT3/FOXO3 a signaling pathway in neurocytes. Food Funct. 2020;11:2535–2542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf BB, Schuler M, Echeverri F, et al. Caspase-3 is the primary activator of apoptotic DNA fragmentation via DNA fragmentation factor-45/inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase inactivation. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:30651–30656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czabotar PE, Lessene G, Strasser A, et al. Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family: implications for physiology and therapy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15:49–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osaki LH, Gama P. MAPKs and signal transduction in the control of gastrointestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14:5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moley KH, Mueckler MM. Glucose transport and apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2000;5:99–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu X, Guo S, Yan L, et al. TNFα-Erk1/2 signaling pathway-regulated SerpinE1 and SerpinB2 are involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced porcine granulosa cell proliferation. Cell Signal. 2020;73:109702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sui X, Kong N, Ye L, et al. P38 and JNK MAPK pathways control the balance of apoptosis and autophagy in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Lett. 2014;344:174–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Wang Q, Evers BM, et al. Signal transduction pathways involved in oxidative stress-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Pediatr Res. 2005;58:1192–1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson G, Robinson F, Beers GT, et al. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: regulation and physiological functions. Endocr Rev. 2001;22:153–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar