558
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The power of arms: rethinking armed parties and democratization through the Palestinian elections

Pages 258-285 | Received 21 Jul 2010, Accepted 28 Apr 2011, Published online: 24 May 2011

Bibliography

  • Andoni, Lamis. ‘The Palestinian Elections: Moving toward Democracy or One-Party Rule?’. Journal of Palestine Studies, 25, no. 3 (Spring 1996): 5–16.
  • Barany, Zoltan. ‘Democratic Consolidation and the Military: The East European Experience’. Comparative Politics (October 1997): 21–43.
  • Barghouti, Mustafa. ‘Posteuphoria in Palestine’. Journal of Palestine Studies 25, no. 4 (Summer 1996): 87–96.
  • Benshitrit, Lihi. ‘Evolution on Hamas’ Discourse on Women's Roles', unpublished manuscript, 2007.
  • Bermeo, Nancy. ‘What the Democratization Literature Says – or Doesn't Say – About Postwar Democratization’. Global Governance 9, no. 2 (April–June 2003): 159–77.
  • Bernard, Chester. The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1962.
  • Booth, John, and Patricia Richard. ‘Civil Society, Political Capital and Democratization in Central America’. The Journal of Politics 30, no. 3 (August 1998): 780–800.
  • Brancati, Dawn, and Jack L. Snyder. Rushing to the Polls: The Causes of Premature Post-Conflict Elections. Saint Louis: Washington University, June 2010, http://brancati.wustl.edu/Rush2Polls.pdf (accessed February 14, 2011).
  • Brom, Shlomo. ‘A Hamas Government: Isolate or Engage?’. United States Institute of Peace Briefing, March 2006.
  • Brown, J. ‘Aftermath of the Hamas Tsunami’. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace WebCommentary, February 2006.
  • Brynen, Rex. A Very Political Economy: Peacebuilding and Foreign Aid in the West Bank and Gaza. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, July 2000.
  • Bunce, Valerie, and Sharon L. Wolchik. ‘Transnational Networks, Diffusion Dynamics, and Electoral Revolutions in the Post-Communist World’. Physica A 378, no. 1 (May 2007): 92–9.
  • Cederman, Lars-Erik, Kristian S. Gleditsch, and Simon Hug. Elections and Ethnic Civil Wars. Oslo: Peace Research Institute, June 11, 2009, http://www.prio.no/upload/cscw/wg3/GROW%20net%20Workshop/Elections_and_Conflict_2009-08-06.pdf (accessed February 14, 2011).
  • Collier, Paul, Lani Elliott, Håvard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol, and Nicholas Sambanis. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Dahl, Robert A. Polyarchy: Participation and Oppositiion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971.
  • de Soto, Alvaro. ‘End of Mission Report’. The Guardian, May 2007, http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2007/06/12/DeSotoReport.pdf (accessed June 6, 2007).
  • Derluguian, Georgi. Bourdieu's Secret Admirer in the Caucasus: A World-Systems Biography. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • Fearon, James D. ‘Why Do Some Civil Wars Last So Much Longer Than Others’. Journal of Peace Research 4, no. 3 (2004): 275–301.
  • Glassmyer, Katherine, and Nicholas Sambanis. ‘Rebel-Military Integration and Civil War Termination’, Journal of Peace Research 45, no. 3 (2008): 365–84.
  • Hartzell, Caroline, and Matthew Hoodie. ‘Institutionalizing Peace: Power Sharing and Post-Civil War Conflict Management’. American Journal of Political Science 47, no. 2 (2003): 318–32.
  • Howard, Marc Morje, and Philip G. Roessler. ‘Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes’. American Journal of Political Science 50, no. 2 (2006): 365–81.
  • Hroub, Khaled. ‘A “New Hamas” Through Its New Documents’. Journal of Palestine Studies 35, no. 4 (Summer 2006): 6–27.
  • Hunter, Wendy. ‘Politicians against Solidiers Contesting the Military in Postauthoritarian Brazil’. Comparative Politics (July 1995): 425–43.
  • Huntington, Samuel. The Third Wave. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
  • Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. Special Information Bulletin. Gelilot, Israel: Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, 2004, 6–7.
  • International Crisis Group. ‘Enter Hamas: The Challenges of Political Integration Crisis Group Middle East Report No. 49’. Middle East Report No. 49. Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2006.
  • International Crisis Group. ‘Nepal's Peace Agreement: Making it Work’. Asia Report No. 126. Brussels: ICG, 2006.
  • International Crisis Group. ‘After Gaza’. Middle East Report #68, August 2007, 9.
  • International Crisis Group. ‘After Mecca: Engaging Hamas’. Midde East Report #68. Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2007.
  • International Crisis Group. ‘Nepal's Faltering Peace Process’. Asia Report No. 163. Brussels: ICG, 2009.
  • ‘Interview with Senator George Mitchell’. Maine Policy Review 7, no. 1 (1988): 9–22.
  • Jamal, Amaney. Barriers to Democracy: The Other Side of Social Capital in Palestine and the Arab World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
  • Jarstad, Anna, ‘Dilemmas of War-to-democracy Transitions: Theories and Concepts’. In From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding, ed. Anna K. Jarstad and Timothy D. Sisk, 17–36. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Jarstad, Anna. ‘The Prevalence of Power-Sharing’. Africa Spectrum 44, no. 3 (2009): 41–62.
  • Jerusalem Media and Communications Center Public Opinion Poll Unit. Palestinian Attitudes Towards the Results of the PLC Elections Held on January 25, 2006 Poll No. 57. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Media and Communications Center, 2006, 2.
  • Jung, Courtney, Ellen Lust-Okar, and Ian Shapiro. ‘Problems and Prospects for Democratic Settlements: South Africa as a Model for the Middle East and Northern Ireland?’. Politics and Society 33, no. 2 (June 2005): 277–326.
  • Karbo, Tony, and Martha Mutisi. ‘Post-Conflict Elections and Democracy: A Comparative Analysis of the Mozambique and Angolan Elections’. Conflict Trends 2 (2006): 19–23.
  • Kaufman, Stuart. ‘Peace Building and Conflict Resolution’. Center for Global Security and Democracy at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 2000, http://www.cgsd.rutgers.edu/Documents/Research%20and%20Publications/skaufman-full.pdf (accessed August 2, 2007).
  • Kaufmann, Chaim. ‘Impossible and Possible Solutions to Ethnic Wars’. International Security (Spring 1996): 136–75.
  • Kovacs, Mimmi Soderberg. ‘When Rebels Change Their Stripes: Armed Insurgents in Post-War Politics’. In From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding, ed. Anna K. Jarstad and Timothy D. Sisk, 134–56. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Kumar, Krishna, and Marina Ottaway. ‘General Conclusions and Priorities for Policy Research’. In Postconflict Elections, Democratization & International Assistance, ed. Krishna Kumar, 229–39. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Press, 1998.
  • Lamb, Guy. ‘Reflections on Demilitarization: A Southern African Perspective’. International Peacekeeping 7, no. 3 (September 2000): 130.
  • Lasswell, Harold D., and Abraham Kaplan. Power and Society: A Framework for Analysis. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1950.
  • Lindburg, Staffan. ‘The Surprising Significance of African Elections’. Journal of Democracy 17, no. 1 (2006): 139–51.
  • Lodge, Tom, Denis Kadima, and David Pottie, eds. Compendium of Elections in Southern Africa. Johannesberg: Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa, 2002.
  • Lopez Pintor, Rafael. ‘Reconciliation Elections: A Post-Cold War Experience’. In Rebuilding Societies after Civil War, ed. Krishna Kumar, 43–62. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Press, 1997.
  • Lo´pez Pintor, Rafael, Maria Gratschew, and Kate Sullivan. Voter Turnout Rates From a Comparative Perspective. Stockholm: International IDEA, 2002, http://www.idea.int/publications/vt/upload/Voter%20turnout.pdf (accessed October 10, 2007).
  • Lust, Ellen. ‘Legislative Elections in Authoritarian Regimes: Competitive Clientelism and Regime Stability’. Journal of Democracy 20, no. 3 (July 2009): 122–35.
  • Lust-Okar, Ellen. ‘Elections under Authoritarianism: Preliminary Lessons from Jordan’. Democratization 13, no. 3 (May 2006): 455–70.
  • Lust-Okar, Ellen. ‘Competitive Clientalism: Rethinking Elections in the MENA and the Prospects for Democracy’. In Global Democracy and Its Difficulties, ed. Anthony Langlois and Karol Soltan, 130–45. Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2009.
  • Lyons, Terrence. ‘Postconflict Elections: War Termination, Democratization, and Demilitarizing Politics’. ACE Project. Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, February 6, 2002, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/topics/elections-security/Work_Paper20.pdf (accessed May 6, 2011).
  • Mansfield, Edward D., and Jack Snyder. Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.
  • Marks, Thomas. Colombian Army Adaptation to FARC Insurgency. Washington, DC: Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2002.
  • McFaul, Michael. ‘Ten Years after the Soviet Breakup: A Mixed Record, An Uncertain Future’. Journal of Democracy 12, no. 4 (2001): 87–94.
  • McGreal, Chris. ‘Palestinian Authority “May Have Lost Billions”’. The Guardian, February 6, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/01703226,00.html (accessed August 2, 2007).
  • Morgenthau, Hans. Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: Knopf, 1985.
  • Mukhimer, Tariq. State Building Process: The Case of Palestine. Berlin: Humbolt University of Berlin, 2005.
  • Ottaway, Marina. ‘The March 1992 Referendum’. In South Africa: Twelve Perspectives on the Transition, ed. Helen Kitchen and J. Coleman Kitchen, 119–34. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994.
  • Ottaway, S. Marina. ‘Promoting Democracy after Hamas’ Victory'. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Web Commentary, February 2006.
  • Phillips, James. ‘Hamas's Victory: The United States Should Not Recognize or Aid a Terrorist Regime’. Heritage Foundation WebMemo, no. 971 (January 2006).
  • Pion-Berlin, David, and Craig Arceneaux. ‘Tipping the Civil-military Balance’. Comparative Political Studies 31, no. 5 (October 1998): 633–61.
  • Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  • Przeworski, Adam. Michael Alverez, Jose Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi. Democracy and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • Putnam, Robert. Making Democracy Work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.
  • Resende, Madalena, and Hendrik Kraetzschmar. ‘Parties of Power as Roadblocks to Democracy: The Cases of Ukraine and Egypt’. Center for European Policy Studies Brief, no. 81 (August 2005): 2.
  • Roy, Sara. ‘Gaza: New Dynamics of Civic Disintegration’. Journal of Palestine Studies 22, no. 4 (Summer 1993): 20–31.
  • Roy, Sara. ‘The Transformation of Islamic NGOs in Palestine’. Middle East Report 214 (Spring 2000): 24–6.
  • Rustow, Dankwart. ‘Transitions to Democracy’. Comparative Politics 2, no. 3 (April 1970): 337–63.
  • Satloff, Robert, Dennis Ross, and Michael Herzog. ‘The Washington Institute's Special Policy Forum’. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Watch No. 1075, February 2006.
  • Schelling, Thomas. Arms and Influence. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1966.
  • Schumpeter, Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947.
  • Shehata, Samer. ‘Egyptian Parliamentary Campaigns’. In Political Participation in the Middle East and North Africa, ed. Ellen Lust-Okar and Saloua Zerhouni, 100–1. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2008.
  • Shikaki, Khalil. ‘Results of PSR's PLC Exit Poll’. Palestine Center for Policy and Survey Research, February 15, 2006, http://www.pcpsr.org (accessed December 6, 2007).
  • Siegman, Henry. U.S., Israel and EU Must Deal with Hamas if it Drops Harsh Policies toward Israel. Council on Foreign Relations, January 27, 2006, http://www.cfr.org/palestinian-authority/siegman-us-israel-eu-must-deal-hamas-if-drops-harsh-policies-toward-israel/p9693 (last accessed April 23, 2011).
  • Sisk, Timothy, and Andrew Reynolds. ‘Elections and Electoral Systems: Implications for Conflict Management’. In Elections and Conflict Management in Africa, ed. Andrew Reynolds and Timothy Sisk, 14. Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace, 1998.
  • Sisk, Timothy, and Andrew Reynolds. Elections and Conflict Management in Africa Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace, 1998.
  • South Asian Terrorism Portal. ‘Nepal Assessment 2009’, December 15, 2009, http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/index.html# (last accessed April 23, 2011).
  • Stepan, Alfred. ‘Rethinking Military Politics’. Comparitive Political Studies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988, 633–61.
  • The Council on Foreign Relations. ‘Hamas Backgrounder’, June 14, 2006, http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968 (accessed April 27, 2007).
  • Tilly, Charles. Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Toft, Monica Duffy. Securing the Peace: The Durable Settlement of Civil Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009.
  • United Nations. ‘The Palestinian War-Torn Economy: Aid, Development and State Formulation’. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, April 5, 2006.
  • Usher, Graham. ‘The Democratic Resistance: Hamas, Fatah, and the Palestinian Elections’. Journal of Palestine Studies 35, no. 3 (2006): 20–36.
  • Walter, Barbara. ‘The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement’. International Organization 51, no. 3 (Summer 1997): 353–64.
  • Walter, Barbara. ‘Designing Transitions from Civil War: Demobilization, Democratization, and Commitments to Peace’. International Security 24, no. 1 (1999): 127–55.
  • Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.
  • Wantchekon, Leonard. ‘Strategic Voting in Conditions of Political Instability: The 1994 Elections in El Salvador’. Comparative Political Studies 32, no. 7 (October 1999): 811–35.
  • Wantchekon, Leonard. ‘The Paradox of “Warlord” Democracy: A Theoretical Investigation’. American Political Science Review 98, no. 1 (February 2004): 17–33.
  • Wantchekon, Leonard, and Zvika Neeman. ‘A Theory of Post-Civil War Democratization’. Journal of Theoretical Politics 14 (October 2002): 458.
  • Wiktorowicz, Quentin. ‘The Political Limits to Nongovernmental Organizations in Jordan’. World Development 30, no. 1 (2002): 77–93.
  • Wood, Elisabeth. ‘An Insurgent Path to Democracy: Popular Mobilization, Economic Interests and Regime Transition in South Africa and El Salvador’. Comparative Political Studies 34, no. 8 (October 2001): 800–27.
  • World Bank. ‘World Bank Report: Palestinian Economy, PA's Fiscal Situation – Current Status as of February 1, 2006’. World Bank, February 2, 2006, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE (accessed August 2, 2007).
  • Yaghi, Mohammad, and Ben Fishman, ‘Fatah's Prospects in the Legislative Elections’. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Peace Watch #534. Washington, DC, January 10, 2006. http://www.ciaonet.org/pbei/winep/peace_2006/2006_534/2006_534.pdf (last accessed April 23, 2011).
  • Zartman, William I. ‘Ripeness: The Hurting Stalemate and Beyond’. International Conflict Resolution after the Cold War. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.