Bringing direct democracy back in: toward a three-dimensional measure of democracy

Bibliography

• Adcock, Robert, and David Collier. ‘Connecting Ideas with Facts: The Validity of Measurement’. Paper read at Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, August 31, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Adcock, Robert, and David Collier. ‘Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research’. American Political Science Review 95, no. 3 (2001): 529–46.
   Google Scholar
• Altman, David. Direct Democracy Worldwide. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez, Mike, Jose A. Cheibub, Fernando Limongi, and Adam Przeworski. ‘Classifying Political Regimes’. Studies in Comparative International Development 31, no. 2 (1996): 3–36.
   Google Scholar
• Arrow, Kenneth J. Social Choice and Individual Values. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1963 [1951].
   Google Scholar
• Beck, Nathaniel. ‘Time-Series-Cross-Section Data: What Have We Learned in the Past Few Years?’. Annual Review of Political Science 4 (2001): 271–93.
   Google Scholar
• Bollen, Kenneth A. ‘Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Political Democracy’. American Sociological Review 45, no. 3 (1980): 370–90.
   Google Scholar
• Bollen, Kenneth A., and Burke D. Grandjean. ‘The Dimension(s) of Democracy: Further Issues in the Measurement and Effects of Political Democracy’. American Sociological Review 46, no. 5 (1981): 651–9.
   Google Scholar
• Bollen, Kenneth A., and Pamela Paxton. ‘Subjective Measures of Liberal Democracy’. Comparative Political Studies 33, no. 1 (2000): 58–86.
   Google Scholar
• Bowler, Shaun, and Todd Donovan. Demanding Choices: Opinion, Voting, and Direct Democracy. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Breuer, Anita. ‘Costa Rica's 2007 Referendum on the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR): Citizen Participation or Citizen Manipulation?’. Representation 45, no. 4 (2009): 455–69.
   Google Scholar
• Bühlmann, Marc, Wolfgang Merkel, Lisa Müller, and Bernhard Weßels. ‘The Democracy Barometer: A New Instrument to Measure the Quality of Democracy and Its Potential for Comparative Research’. European Political Science (forthcoming), doi:10.1057/eps.2011.46
   Google Scholar
• Butler, David, and Austin Ranney, eds. Referendums: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory. Washington, DC: AEI Press, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Collier, David, and Steven Levitsky. ‘Democracy with Adjectives: Finding Conceptual Order in Recent Comparative Research’. World Politics 49, no. 3 (1997): 430–51.
   Google Scholar
• Coppedge, Michael. ‘Democracy and Dimensions: Comments on Munck and Verkuilen’. Comparative Political Studies 35, no. 1 (2002): 35–9.
   Google Scholar
• Coppedge, Michael, Angel Alvarez, and Claudia Maldonado. ‘Two Persistent Dimensions of Democracy: Contestation and Inclusiveness’. The Journal of Politics 70, no. 3 (2008): 632–47.
   Google Scholar
• Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Steven Fish, Allen Hicken, Matthew Kroenig, Staffan I. Lindberg, Kelly McMann, Pamela Paxton, Holli A. Semetko, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, and Jan Teorell. ‘Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A New Approach’. Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 2 (2011): 247–67.
   Google Scholar
• Coppedge, Michael, and Wolfgang Reinicke. ‘Measuring Polyarchy’. In On Measuring Democracy: Its Consequences and Concomitants, ed. A. Inkeless, 47–68. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Dahl, Robert A. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Donovan, Todd, and Shaun Bowler. ‘Direct Democracy and Minority Rights: An Extension’. American Journal of Political Science 42, no. 3 (1998): 1020–4.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn, John. Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Fiorino, Nadia, and Roberto Ricciuti. ‘Determinants of Direct Democracy’. CESifo Working Paper N°2035. CESifo, Munich, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Frey, Bruno S., Marcel Kucher, and Alois Stutzer. ‘Outcome, Process and Power in Direct Democracy – New Econometric Results’. Public Choice 107, nos. 3–4 (2001): 271–93.
   Google Scholar
• Frey, Bruno S., and Alois Stutzer. ‘Happiness, Economy and Institutions’. The Economic Journal 110, no. 466 (2000): 918–38.
   Google Scholar
• Frey, Bruno S., and Alois Stutzer. ‘Happiness Prospers in Democracy’. Journal of Happiness Studies 1, no. 1 (2000): 79–102.
   Google Scholar
• Gamble, Barbara S. ‘Putting Civil Rights to a Popular Vote’. American Journal of Political Science 41, no. 1 (1997): 245–69.
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, Elisabeth R. The Populist Paradox: Interest Group Influence and the Promise of Direct Legislation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Goertz, Gary. Social Science Concepts: A User's Guide. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, Andreas, and Bruno Kaufmann. IRI Europe Country Index on Citizenlawmaking 2002: A Report on Design and Rating of the I&R Requirements and Practices of 32 European States. Amsterdam: IRI Europe, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Hadenius, Axel. Democracy and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Hadenius, Axel, and Jan Teorell. ‘Assessing Alternative Indices of Democracy’. Political Concepts, Committee on Concepts and Methods Working Paper Series #6. Committee on Concepts and Methods, Mexico City, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Peter A., and Rosemary C.R. Taylor. ‘Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms’. Political Studies 44, no. 5 (1996): 936–57.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, Mogens Herman. ‘Direct Democracy, Ancient and Modern’. In The Politics of Democratization in Europe, ed. K. Palonen, T. Pulkkinen, and J.M. Rosales, 37–53. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, Mogens Herman. ‘The Tradition of the Athenian Democracy A.D. 1750–1990’. Greece & Rome 39, no. 1 (1992): 14–30.
   Google Scholar
• Hautala, Heidi, Bruno Kaufmann, and Diana Wallis, eds. Voices of Europe: IRI Europe Report on the Growing Importance of Initiatives and Referendums in the European Integration Process. Amsterdam: Initiative & Referendum Institute Europe, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• He, Baogang, and Mark E. Warren. ‘Authoritarian Deliberation: The Deliberative Turn in Chinese Political Development’. Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 2 (2011): 269–89.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, Lisa. ‘Democratic Deficit in the ACT: Is the Citizen Initiated Referendum a Solution?’. Australian Journal of Social Issues 38, no. 4 (2003): 495–511.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman, Robert R., and Alex Segura-Ubiergo. ‘Globalization, Domestic Politics, and Social Spending in Latin America: A Time-Series Cross-Section Analysis, 1973–97’. World Politics 53, no. 4 (2001): 553–87.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann, Bruno, Rolf Büchi, and Nadja Braun. Guidebook to Direct Democracy in Switzerland and Beyond. 2010 Edition. Bern: Benteli Hallwag Druck AG, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann, Bruno, and Dane Waters, eds. Direct Democracy in Europe: A Comprehensive Reference Guide to the Initiative and Referendum Process in Europe. Durham, NC: Carolina University Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• King, Gary, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Lissidini, Alicia, Yanina Welp, and Daniel Zovatto, eds. Democracia directa en Latinoamérica. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Lupia, Arthur, and Mathew McCubbins. The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Mainwaring, Scott. ‘Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: The Difficult Combination’. Comparative Political Studies 26, no. 4 (1993): 198–228.
   Google Scholar
• Mainwaring, Scott, Daniel Brinks, and Aníbal Pérez-Liñán. ‘Classifying Political Regimes in Latin America 1945–1999’. Studies in Comparative International Development 36, no. 1 (2001): 37–65.
   Google Scholar
• Mainwaring, Scott, Daniel Brinks, and Aníbal Pérez-Liñán. ‘Classifying Political Regimes in Latin America 1945–2004’. In Regimes and Democracy in Latin America: Theories and Methods, ed. G.L. Munck, 123–60. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Maravall, José María. ‘Accountability and Manipulation’. In Democracy, Accountability and Representation, ed. A. Przeworski, S. Stokes, and B. Manin, 131–53. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Matsusaka, John G. For the Many or the Few: The Initiative, Public Policy, and American Democracy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Moon, Bruce. The Political Economy of Basic Human Needs. Ithaca, NY; London: Cornell University Press, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Morlino, Leonardo. ‘What is a “Good” Democracy?’. Democratization 11, no. 5 (2004): 10–32.
   Google Scholar
• Munck, Gerardo. ‘Cannons of Research Design in Qualitative Analysis’. Studies in Comparative International Development 33, no. 3 (1998): 18–45.
   Google Scholar
• Munck, Gerardo L. Measuring Democracy. A Bridge between Scholarship and Politics. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Munck, Gerardo L. ‘The Study of Politics and Democracy: Touchstones of a Research Agenda’. In Regimes and Democracy in Latin America. Theories and Methods, ed. G.L. Munck, 25–38. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Munck, Gerardo L., and Jay Verkuilen. ‘Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices’. Comparative Political Studies 35, no. 1 (2002): 5–34.
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum, Martha. Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• O'Donnell, Guillermo. ‘Exploración sobre el Desarrollo de la Democracia’. In La Democracia en América Latina: Hacia un Democracia de Ciudadanas y Ciudadanos, ed. Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, 47–70. New York and Buenos Aires: Aguilar, Altea, Taurus, Alfaguara.
   Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos, Yannis. ‘Analysis of Functions and Dysfunctions of Direct Democracy: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Perspectives’. Politics and Society 23, no. 4 (1995): 421–48.
   Google Scholar
• Peterlevitz, Tiago. ‘Adding Direct Democracy Processes to an Assessment of Political Participation’. IPSA-ECPR Joint Conference, University of Sao Paulo, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Pettit, Philip. ‘Deliberative Democracy, the Discursive Dilemma and Republican Theory’. In Philosophy, Politics and Society, ed. J. Fishkin and P. Laslett, 138–62. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• PNUD. La Democracia en América Latina: Hacia una Democracia de Ciudadanas y Ciudadanos. New York: Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the Limits of Self-Government. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Qvortrup, Mads. ‘A.V. Dicey: The Referendum as the People's Veto’. History of Political Thought XX, no. 3 (1999): 531–46.
   Google Scholar
• Renfer, Irene. Democracia directa en Argentina, Uruguay y Venezuela: Tres ejemplos de democracia directa en América Latina. Buenos Aires: Prometeo, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Santos, Wanderley Guilherme dos. ‘Poliarquia em 3D’. DADOS-Revista de Ciências Sociais 41, no. 2 (1998): 207–81.
   Google Scholar
• Sartori, Giovanni. The Theory of Democracy Revisited. New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Schofer, Evan, and Marion Fourcade-Gourinchas. ‘The Structural Contexts of Civic Engagement. Voluntary Association Membership, Comparative Perspective’. American Sociological Review 66, no. 6 (2001): 806–28.
   Google Scholar
• Schumpeter, Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, 3rd ed. New York: Harper and Brother Publishers, 1950.
   Google Scholar
• Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Serdült, Uwe, and Yanina Welp. ‘Referendos e iniciativas populares: análisis de “la ciudadanía” que activa la democracia directa’. 21° IPSA World Congress of Political Science, Santiago de Chile, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Skaaning, Svend-Erik. ‘Measuring Civil Liberty: An Assessment of Standards-Based Data Sets’. Revista de Ciencia Política 29, no. 3 (2009): 721–40.
   Google Scholar
• Smulovitz, Catalina, and Enrique Peruzzotti. ‘Societal and Horizontal Controls: Two Cases of a Fruitful Relationship’. In Democratic Accountability in Latin America, ed. S. Mainwaring and C. Welna, 309–31. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Stimson, James. ‘Regression in Space and Time: A Statistical Essay’. American Journal of Political Science 29, no. 4 (1985): 914–47.
   Google Scholar
• Stokes, Susan C. Mandates and Democracy: Neoliberalism by Surprise in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Tolbert, Caroline J., Daniel C. Bowen, and Todd Donovan. ‘Initiative Campaigns: Direct Democracy and Voter Mobilization’. American Politics Research 37, no. 1 (2009): 155–92.
   Google Scholar
• Tolbert, Caroline J., and Daniel A. Smith. ‘The Educative Effects of Ballot Initiatives on Voter Turnout’. American Politics Research 33, no. 2 (2005): 283–309.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai, Ming-Chang. ‘Does Political Democracy Enhance Human Development in Developing Countries? A Cross-National Analysis’. American Journal of Economics and Sociology 65, no. 2 (2006): 233–68.
   Google Scholar
• Vatter, Adrian. ‘Lijphart Expanded: Three Dimensions of Democracy in Advanced OECD Countries?’. European Political Science Review 1, no. 1 (2009): 125–53.
   Google Scholar
• Verhulst, Jos, and Arejen Nijeboer. Direct Democracy: Facts and Arguments about the Introduction of Initiative and Referendum. Brussels: Democracy International, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Walzer, Michael. Politics and Passion: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, Michael D. ‘Green Binders in Cyberspace: A Modest Proposal’. Comparative Political Studies 35, no. 1 (2002): 46–51.
   Google Scholar
• Welp, Yanina, and Uwe Serdült, eds. Armas de doble filo: La participación ciudadana en la encrudijada. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Wheatley, Jonathan. ‘Direct Democracy in the Commonwealth of Independent States: The State of the Art’. C2D Working Paper Series 28. C2D, Aarau, 2008.
   Google Scholar