References
- Aidila, Razak. “EC Can't Hold Local Polls for Penang, S'gor.” Malaysiakini, March 24, 2010. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/127330
- Aidila, Razak. “Delegates Flay PAS-Led Kedah Gov't.” Malaysiakini, November 26, 2011. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/182523
- Aidila, Razak. “Selangor Local Gov't Elections ‘By End of Next Year.’” Malaysiakini, June 18, 2013. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/233192
- Aidila, Razak, and Wong Tek Chi. “Confusion Abounds in S'gor Local Councils.” Malaysiakini, July 8, 2010. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/136815
- Aliran. “Penang Forum: Expectations of the Elected.” Aliran Monthly 3, no. 10 (2010): 13.
- Aliran. “Penang Forum 4: Development and Good Governance.” December 7, 2011. http://aliran.com/7502.html
- Al Jafree Md., Yusop. “PAS Fears Racial Politics in Local Council Polls.” The Ant Daily, August 30, 2013. http://www.theantdaily.com/news/2013/08/30/pas-fears-racial-politics-local-council-polls
- Armony, Ariel C. The Dubious Link. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004.
- Bernama. “MTRK: People of Kelantan are Calling for a Change in Leadership.” December 27, 2012. http://www.kualalumpurpost.net/mtrk-people-of-kelantan-are-calling-for-a-change-in-leadership/
- Bhatt, Himanshu. “Penang and Selangor Can Hold Local Government Elections Minus EC.” The Sun Daily, January 31, 2012. http://www.thesundaily.my/news/281776
- Brown, David. The State and Ethnic Politics in South-East Asia. London: Routledge, 2004.
- Carothers, Thomas. “The End of the Transition Paradigm.” Journal of Democracy 13, no. 1 (2002): 5–21. doi: 10.1353/jod.2002.0003
- Case, William. “Transition from Single-Party Dominance? New Data from Malaysia.” Journal of East Asian Studies 10, no. 1 (2010): 91–126.
- Centre for Public Policy Studies. “Elections ‘08 Daily Policy Factsheet #7: Local Government.” CPPS Policy Fact Sheets, 2008. http://www.cpps.org.my/resource_centre/Local%20Government.pdf
- Chan, Christine. “PAS Leaders Pose Questions Over Local Polls.” Malaysiakini, March 12, 2010. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/126396
- Chin Abdullah, Maria. “Local Government and Public Participation: The NGOs.” Paper presented at the workshop, Local Government in Malaysia: The Search for New Directions, University of Malaya, May 22, 2008.
- Chong, Christopher. “Looking Beyond Elections: Civil Society, Democracy and the ISA.” Aliran 32, no. 7 (2012): 37–40.
- Dryzek, John S., and Simon Niemeyer. “Discursive Representation.” American Political Science Review 102, no. 4 (2008): 481–493. doi: 10.1017/S0003055408080325
- Eley, Geoff. Forging Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Encarnaciön, Omar G. “Civil Society Reconsidered.” Comparative Politics 38, no. 3 (2006): 357–376. doi: 10.2307/20434002
- Enloe, Cynthia. “The Neglected Strata: States in the City-Federal Politics of Malaysia.” Publius 5, no. 2 (1975): 151–170.
- Farish, Noor. “Between Civil and Political Society.” New Straits Times, May 4, 2012. http://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnist/between-civil-and-political-society-1.80579
- Gershman, Carl. “Democracy Promotion: The Relationship of Political Parties and Civil Society.” Democratization 11, no. 3 (2004): 27–35. doi: 10.1080/1351034042000238158
- Giersdorf, Stephan, and Aurel Croissant. “Civil Society and Competitive Authoritarianism in Malaysia.” Journal of Civil Society 7, no. 1 (2011): 1–21. doi: 10.1080/17448689.2011.553401
- Goh, Ban Lee. “The Demise of Local Government Elections and Urban Politics.” In Elections and Democracy in Malaysia, edited by Mavis Puthucheary and Norani Othman, 49–70. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2005.
- Goh, Ban Lee. Report of the Local Government Elections Working Group. April 20, 2009.
- Gomez, Edmund Terence, ed. Political Business in East Asia. London: Routledge, 2002.
- Hector, Charles. “People Vote for Civil Society Representatives to Local Councils in Penang–Will Selangor Follow?” November 18, 2010. http://charleshector.blogspot.com/2010/11/people-elect-civil-society.html
- Henry, Edward R. “NGO Reps in Selangor Feel Cheated Over Broken Promise.” The Star Online, June 24, 2011. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/6/24/nation/8966871&sec=nation
- Jalil Hamid, A. “Over-Logging a Bane of Pas-Ruled States.” New Straits Times, February 3, 2013. http://www.nst.com.my/top-news/over-logging-a-bane-of-pas-ruled-states-1.212102
- Kaneko, Yoshiki. “Malaysia: Dual Structure in the State-NGO Relationship.” In The State and NGOs, edited by Shinishi Shigetomi, 178–199. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2002.
- Kaos, Joseph. “Kelantan NGOs Demand State Fulfill Election Promises.” The Star Online, February 22, 2012. http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2012/02/22/Kelantan-NGOs-demand-state-fulfill-old-election-promises.aspx
- Khoo, Andrew. “Local Government: Managing Expectations.” In The Road to Reform, edited by Tricia Yeoh, 73–80. Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, 2010.
- Khoo, Boo Teik. “Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance in the Public Sector: Malaysian Experiences.” Democracy, Governance and Human Rights Programme Paper, no. 20. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2005.
- Khoo, Boo Teik. “Social Movements and the Crises of Neoliberalism in Malaysia and Thailand.” Institute of Developing Economies Discussion Paper, no. 238. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies, 2010.
- Khoo, Boo Teik. “Social Change and the Transformation of Islamic Dissent: The Parti Islam of Malaysia.” Paper presented at the workshop, Islam and Political Dissent: Studies and Comparisons from Asia and the Middle East, Institute of Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO) and Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Chiba, November 7–8, 2012.
- Khoo Chin Hock, Andrew, Wong Chin Huat, and Maria Chin Abdulla. An Advocacy Paper: Bring Back Local Government Elections. Petaling Jaya: Coalition for Good Governance, 2009.
- Leete, Richard. “May 5 Electoral Fog: What Happened and Why.” The Edge, May 10, 2013. http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/238520-may-5-electoral-fog-what-happened-and-why.html
- Local Government Act 1976 (LGA). Laws of Malaysia Reprint. Kuala Lumpur: Commissioner of Law Revision, 2006.
- Loh, Francis. “NGOs and Non-Formal Politics: Build Participatory Democracy and the Autonomous Public Sphere.” Aliran 22, no. 11/12 (2002): 2–9.
- Loh, Francis. “Organized Groups, Development Strategies and Social Policies.” In Policy Regimes and the Political Economy of Poverty Reduction in Malaysia, edited by Khoo Boo Teik, 183–216. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2012.
- Loone, Susan. “10 ‘Elected’ for NGO Quota in Penang Municipal Councils.” Malaysiakini, November 14, 2010. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/148195
- Loone, Susan. “Political Appointees Dominate Councillors’ Lists.” Malaysiakini. January 5, 2011. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/152493
- Luebbert, Gregory M. Liberalism, Fascism or Social Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
- Malaysiakini. “Local Polls: Stop Giving Excuses Pakatan.” March 26, 2010. http://www.malaysiakini.com/letters/127619
- Malaysiakini. “Penang Wants Local Council Elections to be Held.” January 18, 2012. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/186963
- Maznah, Mohamad. “Malaysia – Democracy and the End of Ethnic Politics?” Australian Journal of International Affairs 62, no. 4 (2008): 441–459. doi: 10.1080/10357710802480691
- Møller, Jørgen. “When One Might Not See the Wood from the Trees: The ‘Historical Turn’ in Democratization Studies, Critical Junctures, and Cross-Case Comparisons.” Democratization 20, no. 4 (2013): 693–715. doi: 10.1080/13510347.2012.659023
- Munro-Kua, Anne. Authoritarian Populism in Malaysia. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996.
- Netto, Anil. “Powerful Corporate Interests Penetrate Penang Local Councils.” Anilnetto.com, April 19, 2008. http://anilnetto.com/governance/accountability/dissatisfaction-brews-over-penang-councillors-lists/
- New Straits Times. “Chinese Chamber Happy with New Councillors.” April 19, 2008. http://pakatanrakyat-penang.blogspot.com.au/2008/04/chinese-chamber-happy-with-new.html
- New Strait Times. “Kedah Says No to Local Polls.” March 15, 2010, p. 4.
- Pakatan Rakyat. Baku Jingga – Change Now, Save Malaysia! December 14, 2010. http://www.pakatanrakyat.info/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Buku-Jingga-English-Abridged.pdf
- Pakatan Rakyat. PR Common Policy Platform. December 19, 2009. http://www.tindakmalaysia.com/threads/1282-PR-Common-Policy-Platform-%28PR-CPP%29-Contents
- Pepinsky, Thomas. “The Institutional Turn in Comparative Authoritarianism.” British Journal of Political Science First View (2013): 1–23.
- Phang, Siew Nooi. “Decentralisation or Recentralisation? Trends in Local Government in Malaysia.” Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 1 (2008): 126–132.
- Pusat Komas. “CGG & CONPAC Hands Memo Part2.mp4.” YouTube, July 13, 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVOe2bITUyM&noredirect=1
- Rabushka, Alvin. “The Manipulation of Ethnic Politics in Malaya.” Polity 2, no. 3 (1970): 345–356. doi: 10.2307/3234129
- Rodan, Garry. “Competing Ideologies of Political Representation in Southeast Asia.” Third World Quarterly, 32, no. 2 (2012): 335–356.
- Rodan, Garry, and Kanishka Jayasuriya, eds. Special Issue: “Beyond Hybrid Regimes.” Democratization 14, no. 5 (2007). doi: 10.1080/13510340701635662
- Rodan, Garry, and Kanishka Jayasuriya. “Hybrid Regimes: A Social Foundation Approach.” In Routledge Handbook on Democratization, edited by Jeffrey Haynes, 175–189. London: Routledge, 2012.
- Saliha, Hassan. “Political Non-Governmental Organizations: Ideals and Realities.” In Democracy in Malaysia, edited by Francis Loh Kok Wah and Khoo Boo Teik, 198–215. London: Curzon, 2002.
- Saravanamuttu, Johan. “GE13 Outcome: A People's Victory.” Aliran 33, no. 3 (2013): 4–7.
- Searle, Peter. The Riddle of Malaysian Capitalism. St Leonards: Allen & Unwin, 1999.
- Shabbir Cheema, G., and S. Ahmad Hussein. “Local Government Reform in Malaysia.” Asian Survey 18, no. 6 (1978): 577–591. doi: 10.1525/as.1978.18.6.01p0423v
- SUARAM. “SUARAM Urge State Government to Practice Democracy.” SUARAM, 2009. http://www.suaram.net/?p=134
- Tan, Jo Hann. “ Letter to Y.A.B. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Abd Khalid Bin Ibrahim from CONPAC.” July 12, 2010. http://komas.org/news_events_12july.htm
- Tan, Paige Johnson. “Anti-Party Reaction in Indonesia: Causes and Implication.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 24, no. 3 (2002): 484–508. doi: 10.1355/CS24-3C
- Tan, Paige Johnson. “Anti-Party Attitudes in Southeast Asia.” In Party Politics in Southeast Asia, edited by Dirk Tomsa and Andreas Ufen, 80–100. London: Routledge, 2012.
- Tan, Seng Hai. “Historic Pilot Local Council Polls.” Aliran Monthly 3, no. 10 (2010): 2.
- Tan, Yi Liang. “CAT the Key to Reinventing Penang.” Sun2surf, September 14, 2008. http://mychiefministerlimguaneng.blogspot.com.au/2008/09/cat-key-to-reinventing-penang.html
- Tennant, Paul. “The Decline of Elective Local Government in Malaysia.” Asian Survey 13, no. 4 (1973): 347–365. doi: 10.2307/2642925
- The Star. “Group Hits out at Penang Government.” The Star Online, April 30, 2008. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/4/30/nation/21107308&sec=nation
- The Star. “Almost Half of MPPP and MPSP Line-up of Councillors are New Faces.” The Star Online, January 6, 2011. http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2011/1/6/north/7742349&sec=north
- Ufen, Andreas. “The Transformation of Political Party Opposition in Malaysia and its Implications for the Electoral Authoritarian Regime.” Democratization 16, no. 3 (2009): 604–627. doi: 10.1080/13510340902884804
- Weiss, Meredith L. Protest and Possibilities. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006.
- Weiss, Meredith L. “Edging Toward a New Politics in Malaysia: Civil Society at the Gate?” Asian Survey 49, no. 5 (2009): 741–758. doi: 10.1525/as.2009.49.5.741
- Weiss, Meredith L. “The Consociational Model in Southeast Asia: Is It (Still) Relevant?” Taiwan Journal of Democracy May (2013): 149–170.
- Welsh, Bridget. “Malaysia in 2004: Out of Mahathir's Shadow?” Asian Survey 45, no. 1 (2005): 153–160. doi: 10.1525/as.2005.45.1.153
- Welsh, Bridget. “Malaysia's Elections: A Step Backward.” Journal of Democracy 24, no. 4 (2013): 136–150. doi: 10.1353/jod.2013.0066
- Whitehead, Laurence. “Bowling in the Bronx: The Uncivil Interstices Between Civil and Political Society.” Democratization 4, no. 1 (1997): 94–114. doi: 10.1080/13510349708403504
- Wong, Chin Huat. “PR's Spin on Local Elections.” The Nut Graph, December 23, 2009. http://www.thenutgraph.com/prs-spin-on-local-elections/
- Wong, Chin Huat, James Chin, and Norani Othman. “Malaysia – Towards a Typology of an Electoral One-Party State.” Democratization 17, no. 5 (2010): 920–949. doi: 10.1080/13510347.2010.501179