Bibliography
- Bermeo, N. “On Democratic Backsliding.” Journal of Democracy 27, no. 1 (2016): 5–19.
- Boese, V. A., A. Edgell, S. Hellmeier, S. F. Maerz, and S. I. Lindberg. “How Democracies Prevail: Democratic Resilience as a Two-Stage Process.” Democratization 28, no. 5 (2021): 885–907.
- Boese, V. A., M. Lundstedt, K. Morrison, Y. Sato, and S. I. Lindberg. “State of the World 2021: Autocratization Changing Its Nature?” Democratization 29, no. 6 (2022): 983–1013.
- Brancati, D. Democracy Protests: Origins, Features and Significance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
- Chang, K., and J. Park. “A Heterogeneous Rally Effect for a Corrupt President: Partisanship, Regional Sentiment, and Anxiety Against a Corruption Scandal.” Democratization 27, no. 8 (2020): 1354–1375.
- Cleary, M. R., and A. Öztürk. “When Does Backsliding Lead to Breakdown? Uncertainty and Opposition Strategies in Democracies at Risk.” Perspectives on Politics 20, no. 1 (2022): 205–221.
- Coppedge, M., J. Gerring, C. H. Knutsen, S. I. Lindberg, J. Teorell, D. Altman, M. Bernhard, et al. V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v13 (2023).
- Dahl, R. A. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.
- Donno, D. “Elections and Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes.” American Journal of Political Science 57, no. 3 (2013): 703–716.
- Edgell, A. B., V. Mechkova, D. Altman, M. Bernhard, and S. I. Lindberg. “When and Where Do Elections Matter? A Global Test of the Democratization by Elections Hypothesis, 1900–2010.” Democratization 25, no. 3 (2018): 422–444.
- Ekiert, G., E. J. Perry, and X. Yan, eds. Ruling by Other Means: State-Mobilized Movements, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
- Gamboa, L. Resisting Backsliding: Opposition Strategies Against the Erosion of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.
- Geddes, B. “How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get: Selection Bias in Comparative Politics.” Political Analysis 2 (1990): 131–150.
- Guachalla, V. X. V., C. Hummel, S. Handlin, and A. E. Smith. “Latin America Erupts: When Does Competitive Authoritarianism Take Root?” Journal of Democracy 32, no. 3 (2021): 63–77.
- Haggard, S., and R. Kaufman. Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
- Hellmeier, S., and M. Bernhard. “Regime Transformation from Below: Mobilization for Democracy and Autocracy from 1900 to 2021.” Comparative Political Studies, no. 0(0) (2023): 1–33. doi:10.1177/00104140231152793
- Hellmeier, S., N. B, and N. B. Weidmann. “Pulling the Strings? The Strategic Use of Pro-Government Mobilization in Authoritarian Regimes.” Comparative Political Studies 53, no. 1 (2020): 71–108.
- Huntington, S. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
- Laebens, M. G., and A. Lührmann. “What Halts Democratic Erosion? The Changing Role of Accountability.” Democratization 28, no. 5 (2021): 908–928.
- Lehoucq, F. “Bolivia’s Citizen Revolt.” Journal of Democracy 31, no. 3 (2020): 130–144.
- Leininger, J. “International Democracy Promotion in Times of Autocratization.” From Supporting to Protecting Democracy (No. 21/2022). IDOS Discussion Paper (2022).
- Lindberg, S. I. Democracy and Elections in Africa. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
- Lührmann, A., and S. I. Lindberg. “A Third Wave of Autocratization is Here: What is New about It?” Democratization 26, no. 7 (2019): 1095–1113.
- Lührmann, A., M. Tannenberg, and S. I. Lindberg. “Regimes of the World (RoW): Opening New Avenues for the Comparative Study of Political Regimes.” Politics and Governance 6, no. 1 (2018): 60–77.
- Medzihorsky, J., and S. I. Lindberg. “Walking the Talk: How to Identify Anti-Pluralist Parties.” Party Politics (Forthcoming).
- Meng, A. Constraining Dictatorship: From Personalized Rule to Institutionalized Regimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
- O'Donnell, G. A. “Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies.” Journal of Democracy 9, no. 3 (1998): 112–126.
- Papada, E., D. Altman, F. Angiolillo, L. Gastaldi, T. Köhler, M. Lundstedt, N. Natsika, M. Nord, Y. Sato, F. Wiebrecht, and S. I. Lindberg. Defiance in the Face of Autocratization. Democracy Report 2023. Gothenburg, University of Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute (V-Dem Institute), 2023.
- Pérez-Liñán, A. “A Two-Level Theory of Presidential Instability.” Latin American Politics and Society 56, no. 1 (2014): 34–54.
- Resnick, D. “How Zambia’s Opposition Won.” Journal of Democracy 33, no. 1 (2022): 70–84.
- Río, A. D. “Strategic Uncertainty and Elite Defections in Electoral Autocracies: A Cross-National Analysis.” Comparative Political Studies 55, no. 13 (2022): 2250–2282.
- Sato, Y., and M. Arce. “Resistance to Populism.” Democratization 29, no. 6 (2022): 1137–1156.
- Sato, Y., and M. Wahman. “Elite Coordination and Popular Protest: The Joint Effect on Democratic Change.” Democratization 26, no. 8 (2019): 1419–1438.
- Shin, G.-W., and R. Moon. “South Korea after Impeachment.” Journal of Democracy 28, no. 4 (2017): 117–131.
- Teorell, J. Determinants of Democratization: Explaining Regime Change in the World, 1972–2006. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
- Tomini, L., S. Gibril, and V. Bochev. “Standing up Against Autocratization Across Political Regimes: A Comparative Analysis of Resistance Actors and Strategies.” Democratization 30, no. 1 (2023): 119–138.
- Yang, M. “Defending ‘Liberal Democracy’? Why Older South Koreans Took to the Streets against the 2016–2017 Candlelight Protests.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 25, no. 3 (2020): 365–382.