Democratization, state capacity and developmental correlates of international artificial intelligence trade

References

• Barrón-Cedeño, Alberto, Giovanni Da San Martino, Israa Jaradat, and Preslav Nakov. “Proppy: A System to Unmask Propaganda in Online News.” Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence no. 01 (2019): 9847–9848.
   Google Scholar
• Besley, Timothy, and Torsten Persson. “The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics.” American Economic Review 99, no. 4 (2009): 1218–1244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bircan, Tuba, and Almila Alkim Akdag Salah. “A Bibliometric Analysis of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Social Sciences.” Mathematics 10, no. 23 (2022): 4398. doi:10.3390/math10234398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden, Ragna. “Cold War Economics: Soviet Aid to Indonesia.” Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 3 (2008): 110–128.
   Google Scholar
• Bolsover, Gillian, and Philip Howard. “Chinese Computational Propaganda: Automation, Algorithms and the Manipulation of Information about Chinese Politics on Twitter and Weibo.” Information, Communication & Society 22, no. 14 (2019): 2063–2080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boswell, John, and Jack Corbett. “Democracy, Interpretation, and the “Problem” of Conceptual Ambiguity: Reflections on the V-Dem Project’s Struggles with Operationalizing Deliberative Democracy.” Polity 53, no. 2 (2021): 239–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremmer, Ian. “Democracy in Cyberspace: What Information Technology Can and Cannot Do.” Foreign Affairs 89, no. 6 (2010): 86–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, Sarah Sunn. “The Politics of Rating Freedom: Ideological Affinity, Private Authority, and the Freedom in the World Ratings.” Perspectives on Politics 15, no. 3 (2017): 711–731. doi:10.1017/S1537592717000925.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, Jinwan, Eunmi Kim, and Insik Jeong. “Adoption of the 4th Industrial Revolution: Evidence from Korean Exporters in International Markets.” Asian Business & Management (Online First) 65 (2021): 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Choi, Changyong, and Sang Hoon Jee. “Differential Effects of Information and Communication Technology on (De-) Democratization of Authoritarian Regimes.” International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 4 (2021): 1163–1175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codreanu, Claudiu Mihai. “Using and Exporting Digital Authoritarianism: Challenging Both Cyberspace and Democracies.” Europolity: Continuity & Change Eur. Governance 16 (2022): 39–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conde, Maria Lopez, and Ian Twinn. “How Artificial Intelligence is Making Transport Safer, Cleaner, More Reliable and Efficient in Emerging Markets.” World Bank Group, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Dragu, Tiberiu, and Yonatan Lupu. “Digital Authoritarianism and the Future of Human Rights.” International Organization 75, no. 4 (2021): 991–1017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldstein, Steven. “The Global Expansion of AI Surveillance.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, September 17, 2019. https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/09/17/global-expansion-of-ai-surveillance-pub-79847.
   Google Scholar
• Feldstein, Steven. “How Artificial Intelligence is Reshaping Repression.” Journal of Democracy 30, no. 1 (2019): 40–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filgueiras, Fernando. “The Politics of AI: Democracy and Authoritarianism in Developing Countries.” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 19, no.4 (2022): 449–464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjelde, Hanne, and Indra De Soysa. “Coercion, Co-Optation, or Cooperation?” Conflict Management and Peace Science 26, no. 1 (2009): 5–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floridi, Luciano. “The European Legislation on AI: A Brief Analysis of its Philosophical Approach.” Philosophy & Technology 34, no. 2 (2021): 215–222.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fong, Ware, and Nazmus Sakib. “A “Good” Country without Democracy: Can China's Outward FDI Buy a Positive State Image Overseas?” Politics & Policy 49, no. 5 (2021): 1146–1191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, Morgan R., David Autor, James E. Bessen, Erik Brynjolfsson, Manuel Cebrian, David J. Deming, and Maryann Feldman. “Toward Understanding the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Labor.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 14 (2019): 6531–6539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frias, Zoraida, and Jorge Pérez Martínez. “5G Networks: Will Technology and Policy Collide?” Telecommunications Policy 42, no. 8 (2018): 612–621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill, Amandeep Singh. “Artificial Intelligence and International Security: The Long View.” Ethics & International Affairs 33, no. 2 (2019): 169–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goralski, Margaret A., and Tay Keong Tan. “Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Development.” The International Journal of Management Education 18, no. 1 (2020): 100–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graebner, Norman A. “The Cold War: An American View.” International Journal 15, no. 2 (1960): 95–112.
   Google Scholar
• Haksar, Mr Vikram, Mr Yan Carriere-Swallow, Emran Islam, Andrew Giddings, Kathleen Kao, Emanuel Kopp, and Gabriel Quiros. Toward a Global Approach to Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Hansson, Sten, Mari-Liis Madisson, and Andreas Ventsel. “Discourses of Blame in Strategic Narratives: The Case of Russia’s 5G Stories.” European Security (Online First) 32, no. 1 (2022): 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Hendrix, Cullen S. “Measuring State Capacity: Theoretical and Empirical Implications for the Study of Civil Conflict.” Journal of Peace Research 47, no. 3 (2010): 273–285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, Samantha. “China’s Tech-Enhanced Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy 33, no. 2 (2022): 76–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain, Afnan, Raj Agnihotri, Md Rifayat Islam Rushan, Muhammad Sabbir Rahman, and Sumaiya Farhana Sumi. “Marketing Analytics Capability, Artificial Intelligence Adoption, and Firms’ Competitive Advantage: Evidence from the Manufacturing Industry.” Industrial Marketing Management 106 (2022): 240–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, Philip N. The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. “U.S.-China Economic Tensions—Will Biden Get Right what Trump Got Wrong?” Georgetown Journal of International Affairs 22, no. 2 (2021): 246–253.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, Lauren A. “The Belt and Road Initiative: What is in it for China?” Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 6, no. 1 (2019): 40–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane, Thomas B. “Artificial Intelligence in Politics: Establishing Ethics.” IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 38, no. 1 (2019): 72–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, Hans. “ICANN and Internet Governance: Leveraging Technical Coordination to Realize Global Public Policy.” The Information Society 18, no. 3 (2002): 193–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korinek, Anton, and Joseph E. Stiglitz. “Artificial Intelligence, Globalization, and Strategies for Economic Development.” No. w28453. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Yongquan. “The Greater Eurasian Partnership and the Belt and Road Initiative: Can the Two Be Linked?” Journal of Eurasian Studies 9, no. 2 (2018): 94–99.
   Google Scholar
• Libman, Alexander, and Anastassia Obydenkova. “International Trade as a Limiting Factor in Democratization: An Analysis of Subnational Regions in Post-Communist Russia.” Studies in Comparative International Development 49, no. 2 (2014): 168–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipset, Seymour Martin. “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy” American Political Science Review 53, no. 1 (1959): 69–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, Rebecca. “China’s “Networked Authoritarianism”.” Journal of Democracy 22, no. 2 (2011): 32–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manheim, Karl, and Lyric Kaplan. “Artificial Intelligence: Risks to Privacy and Democracy.” Yale Journal of Law and Technology 21 (2019): 106–188.
   Google Scholar
• Maréchal, Nathalie. “Networked Authoritarianism and the Geopolitics of Information: Understanding Russian Internet Policy.” Media and Communication 5, no. 1 (2017): 29–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mhlanga, David. “Artificial Intelligence in the Industry 4.0, and Its Impact on Poverty, Innovation, Infrastructure Development, and the Sustainable Development Goals: Lessons from Emerging Economies?” Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 57–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq. “Democracy, Volatility, and Economic Development.” Review of Economics and Statistics 87, no. 2 (2005): 348–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montes, Gabriel Axel, and Ben Goertzel. “Distributed, Decentralized, and Democratized Artificial Intelligence.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 141 (2019): 354–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukoyama, Naosuke. “Colonial Origins of the Resource Curse: Endogenous Sovereignty and Authoritarianism in Brunei.” Democratization 27, no. 2 (2020): 224–242.
   Google Scholar
• Nathan, Andrew J. “China’s Challenge.” Journal of Democracy 26, no. 1 (2015): 156–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. “State of Implementation of the OECD AI Principles: Insights from National AI Policies.” OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 311, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Prichard, Wilson, and David K. Leonard. “Does Reliance on Tax Revenue Build State Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa?” International Review of Administrative Sciences 76, no. 4 (2010): 653–675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polyakova, Alina, and Chris Meserole. “Exporting Digital Authoritarianism.” Brookings Institution, August 2019. https://www.brookings.edu/research/exporting-digital-authoritarianism/.
   Google Scholar
• Pomeranz, Dina, and José Vila-Belda. “Taking State-Capacity Research to the Field: Insights from Collaborations with Tax Authorities.” Annual Review of Economics 11, no. 1 (2019): 755–781.
   Google Scholar
• Robbins, Scott, and Adam Henschke. “The Value of Transparency: Bulk Data and Authoritarianism.” Surveillance & Society 15, no. 3/4 (2017): 582–589.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, Robert S. “The U.S.-China Peace: Great Power Politics, Spheres of Influence, and the Peace of EastAsia.” Journal of East Asian Studies 3, no. 3 (2003): 351–375.
   Google Scholar
• Salah, Albert Ali. “Designing Computational Tools for Behavioral and Clinical Science.” in Companion of the 2021 ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems, pp. 1–4. 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Schippers, Birgit. “Artificial Intelligence and Democratic Politics.” Political Insight 11, no. 1 (2020): 32–35.
   Google Scholar
• Snead, William G. “Self-Reliance, Internal Trade and China’s Economic Structure.” The China Quarterly 62 (1975): 302–308.
   Google Scholar
• Somjai, Sudawan, Kittisak Jermsittiparsert, and Thitinan Chankoson. “Determining the Initial and Subsequent Impact of Artificial Intelligence Adoption on Economy: A Macroeconomic Survey from ASEAN.” Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 4 (2020): 5459–5474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taeihagh, Araz. “Governance of Artificial Intelligence.” Policy and Society 40, no. 2 (2021): 137–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thies, Cameron G. “Of Rulers, Rebels, and Revenue: State Capacity, Civil War Onset, and Primary Commodities.” Journal of Peace Research 47, no. 3 (2010): 321–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unver, Akin. “Artificial Intelligence, Authoritarianism and the Future of Political Systems.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3331635.
   Google Scholar
• Unver, Akin, and Arhan S. Ertan. “Politics of Artificial Intelligence Adoption: Unpacking the Regime Type Debate.” Democratic Frontiers. Routledge, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Vaccaro, Andrea. “Comparing Measures of Democracy: Statistical Properties, Convergence, and Interchangeability.” European Political Science 20, no. 4 (2021): 666–684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolley, S., and P. Howard. “Computational Propaganda Worldwide: Executive Summary.” Oxford Internet Institute Reports, 2019. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d6157461-aefd-48ff-a9a9-2d93222a9bfd.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, Nicholas. “How Artificial Intelligence will Reshape the Global Order.” Foreign Affairs (2021). https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-07-10/how-artificial-intelligence-will-reshape-global-order.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Guobin. “The Return of Ideology and the Future of Chinese Internet Policy.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 31, no. 2 (2014): 109–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, Jinghan. “Artificial Intelligence and China’s Authoritarian Governance.” International Affairs 96, no. 6 (2020): 1441–1459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zengerle, Patricia. “U.S. Senate Report Accuses China of ‘Digital Authoritarianism’.” Reuters. 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-china-surveillance-idUSL2N2ES027.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, Suisheng. “The China Model: Can it Replace the Western Model of Modernization?” Journal of Contemporary China 19, no. 65 (2010): 419–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuiderwijk, Anneke, Yu-Che Chen, and Fadi Salem. “Implications of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Public Governance: A Systematic Literature Review and a Research Agenda.” Government Information Quarterly 38, no. 3 (2021): 101577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar