Becoming Europeans: the relationship between student exchanges in higher education, European citizenship and a sense of European identity

References

• Allport, G. W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Ambrosi, Gioia. 2013. “The Influence of the ERASMUS Programme on Strengthening a European Identity: Case Studies of Spanish and British Exchange Students.” In The ERASMUS Phenomenon - Symbol of a New Generation? edited by Feyen Benjamin and Krzaklewska Ewa, 143–162. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Benedict. [2006] 1983. Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London & New York: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Bradshaw Durrant, Marie, and Cassandra Rasmussen Dorius. 2007. “Study Abroad Survey Instruments: A Comparison of Survey Types and Experiences.” Journal of Studies in International Education 11 (1): 33–53. doi: 10.1177/1028315306286929
   Google Scholar
• Bruter, M. 2003. “Winning Hearts and Minds for Europe: The Impact of News and Symbols on Civic and Cultural European Identity.” Comparative Political Studies 36 (10): 1148–1179. doi: 10.1177/0010414003257609
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruter, Michael. 2005. Citizens of Europe? The Emergence of a Mass European Identity. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Citrin, Jack, and John Sides. 2004. “More than Nationals: How Identity Choices Matters in the New Europe.” In Transnational Identities. Becoming European in the EU, edited by Richard K. Herrmann, Thomas Risse, and Marilynn B. Brewer, 161–185. Lanham & Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Cram, Laura. 2012. “Does the EU Need a Navel? Implicit and Explicit Identification with the European Union.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 50 (1): 71–86. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2011.02207.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsch, Karl W., Sidney A. Burrell, Robert A. Kann, Maurice Lee, Martin Lichterman, Raymond E. Lindgren, Francis L. Loewenheim, and Richard W. Van Wagenen. 1957. Political Community and the North Atlantic Area. International Organization in the Light of Historical Experience. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2018. Erasmus+ Programme Guide. Version 1. Brussels: Erasmus+.
   Google Scholar
• Favell, Adrian. 2005. “Europe’s Identity Problem.” West European Politics 28 (5): 1109–1116. doi: 10.1080/01402380500311863
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fligstein, Neil. 2008. Euroclash. The EU, European Identity, and the Future of Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fricker, Ronald D. 2008. “Sampling Methods for Web and E-Mail Surveys.” In The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods, edited by Fielding Nigel, Raymond M Lee, and Blank Grant, 195–216. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi & Singapore: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann, Richard K., and Marilynn B. Brewer. 2004. “Identities and Institutions: Becoming European in the EU.” In Transnational Identities. Becoming European in the EU, edited by Richard K Herrmann, Thomas Risse, and Marilynn B Brewer, 1–22. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto & Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Huddy, Leonie. 2001. “From Social to Political Identity: A Critical Examination of Social Identity Theory.” Political Psychology 22 (1): 127–156. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobone, Vittoria, and Giuseppe Moro. 2015. “Evaluating the Impact of the Erasmus Programme: Skills and European Identity.” Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 40 (2): 309–328. doi:10.1080/02602938.2014.909005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaina, Viktoria, and Ireneusz Pawel Karolewski. 2013. “EU Governance and European Identity.” Living Reviews in European Governance 8 (1): 1–59.
   Google Scholar
• King, Russell, and Enric Ruiz-Gelices. 2003. “International Student Migration and the European ‘Year Abroad’: Effects on European Identity and Subsequent Migration Behaviour.” International Journal of Population Geography 9 (3): 229–252. doi:10.1002/ijpg.280.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, Theresa. 2012. “Why Educational Exchange Programmes Miss Their Mark: Cross-Border Mobility, Education and European Identity.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 50 (6): 994–1010. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2012.02286.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, Theresa. 2015. Experiencing European Integration. Transnational Lives and European Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lijphart, Arend. 1964. “Tourist Traffic and Integration Potential.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 2 (3): 251–262. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.1964.tb01086.x.
   Google Scholar
• Llurda, Enric, Lídia Gallego-Balsà, Clàudia Barahona, and Xavier Martin-Rubió. 2016. “Erasmus Student Mobility and the Construction of European Citizenship.” The Language Learning Journal 44 (3): 323–346. doi:10.1080/09571736.2016.1210911.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Kristine. 2012. “Student Mobility and European Identity: Erasmus Study as a Civic Experience?” Journal of Contemporary European Research 8: 490–518.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Kristine. 2015. “Rethinking the ‘Erasmus Effect’ on European Identity.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 53 (2): 330–348. doi:10.1111/jcms.12152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Leiva, Francisco, Juan Sánchez-Fernández, Francisco Montoro-Ríos, and José Angel Ibáñez-Zapata. 2010. “Improving the Response Rate and Quality in Web-Based Surveys Through the Personalization and Frequency of Remainder Mailings.” Qualitative and Quantitative 44: 1037–1052. doi:10.1007/s11135-009-9256-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelsen, Brent F., and James L. Guth. 2000. “Exploring the Gender Gap: Women, Men and Public Attitudes Toward European Integration.” European Union Politics 1 (3): 267–291. doi:10.1177/1465116500001003001.
   Google Scholar
• Nissen, Sylke. 2003. “Who Wants Enlargement of the EU? Support for Enlargement among Elites and Citizens in the European Union.” Sociologický Časopis / Czech Sociological Review 39 (6): 757–772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakes, J. M., and H. A. Feldman. 2001. “Statistical Power for Nonequivalent Pretest-posttest Designs: The Impact of Change-score Versus ANCOVA Models.” Evaluation Review 25 (1): 3–28. doi: 10.1177/0193841X0102500101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, Y., and R. T. Jackson. 2007. “Ethnic Difference in the Relationship between Acute Inflammation and Serum Ferritin in US Adult Males.” Epidemiology and Infection 136 (3): 421–431. doi:10.1017/S095026880700831X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papatsiba, Vassiliki. 2006. “Making Higher Education More European through Student Mobility? Revisiting EU Initiatives in the Context of the Bologna Process.” Comparative Education 42 (1): 93–111. doi: 10.1080/03050060500515785
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recchi, Ettore. 2015. Mobile Europe. The Theory and Practice of Free Movement in the EU. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Recchi, Ettore, and Justyna Salamońska. 2014. “Keeping the European Faith. Collective Identity Before and After the Euro-crisis.” Partecipazione e Conflitto 7 (3): 509–531. doi:10.1285/i20356609v7i3p509.
   Google Scholar
• Sax, Linda J., Shannon K. Gilmartin, and Alyssa N. Bryant. 2003. “Assessing Response Rates and Nonresponse Bias in Web and Paper Surveys.” Research in Higher Education 44 (4): 409–432. doi:10.1023/A:1024232915870.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigalas, Emmanuel. 2010. “Cross-border Mobility and European Identity: The Effectiveness of Intergroup Contact During the ERASMUS Year Abroad.” European Union Politics 11 (2): 241–265. doi:10.1177/1465116510363656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth, Jolene D, and Jennie E Pearson. 2011. “Internet Survey Methods: A Review of Strengths, Weaknesses, and Innovations.” In Social and Behavioral Research and the Internet. Advances in Applied Methods and Research Strategies, edited by Das Marcel, Ester Peter, and Kaczmirek Lars, 11–44. New York & London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stoeckel, Florian. 2016. “Contact and Community: The Role of Social Interactions for a Political Identity.” Political Psychology 37 (3): 431–442. doi:10.1111/pops.12295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnik, Barbara G., and Linda S. Fidell. 2001. Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston et al.: Pearson Education Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Trochim, William M. K. 2017. “Nonequivalent Groups Analysis.” Web Center for Social Research Methods. Accessed July 31, 2017. https://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statnegd.php.
   Google Scholar
• Van Mol, Christof. 2013. “Intra-European Student Mobility and European Identity: A Successful Marriage?” Population, Space and Place 19 (2): 209–222. doi:10.1002/psp.1752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Mol, Christof. 2014. Intra-European Student Mobility in International Higher Education Circuits: Europe on the Move. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Van Mol, Christof. 2017. “Improving Web Survey Efficiency: The Impact of an Extra Reminder and Reminder Content on Web Survey Response.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 20 (4): 317–327. doi:10.1080/13645579.2016.1185255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Mol, Christof, Helga A. G. de Valk, and Leo J. G. van Wissen. 2015. “Falling in Love with(in) Europe: European Bi-national Love Relationships, European Identification and Transnational Solidarity.” European Union Politics. doi:10.1177/1465116515588621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, Iain. 2011. “What Should We Expect of ‘Erasmus Generations’?” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 49 (5): 1113–1140. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02158.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar